you know and it's great for the fans teams we can have a nice confounds me join sales here in moscow and see how the swiss funds are doing and rushed off brazilian fans are telling me that they don't understand how they reward able to defeat switzerland in the first game of the world cup match was very very bad press you didn't pay for every hour in the second half go for all switzerland was. it was not the law of the and now we have to wake up the guys in red the are absolutely psyched and they're telling me that this straw is like a victory for them and yet i really lost my voice we had a really good game this like and we need to shed this you've already won so thursday we really. expect that we equalised we have been disappointed that we didn't win. but after what i saw earlier on sunday i'm sure that the fans of she will go bazil well get back

to party mode very quickly. because. we're in rostov on don southern russia but i'll tell you why today this place feels more like the copacabana beach in rio perhaps but as to accept good piano does it feel like rush hour more like brazil this is more like brazil i know you know but it's a wonderful time wonderful people we love to be here in russia shown that's good have fun does it feel like russia or brazil are here now and still to live or is there here maybe it's warm everyone having a good time some it's brazil in russia right now. by the us years are the loathe to like this stuff pretty much on the road. playset i'll tell you why i started feeling the bikes even when i was on my

way to drop stuff on the airplane. well finally i can see that the way it's trying to catch up as well have a long. year in rostov on don how are you feeling here it's very nice and the people. is to us here us like a family near football family you know we'll put the family. this is a good one the. both . the road the vibes are absolutely amazing.

and now on to other world news and the biggest story of the past week the leaders of the u.s. and north korea hailed at their historic summit as a success donald trump and kim jong un agreed to establish a new relationship between their countries kenyon pledged to end its nuclear weapons program and exchange for security guarantees although no timeline was given plus washington promised to end its joint military drills with south korea we have developed a very special bond. north korea best not make any more threats to the united states they will be met with fire and fury and have mad men out there shooting rockets all over the place you will have no choice

but to totally destroy north korea rocket man is a sick puppy. a frightened dog barks louder i will surely indefinitely tame the mentally deranged us doted with fire. this is true is proven over and over again and visitors can indeed become friends both very honored to sign the document thank you. so the today we had a new story meeting you decided to leave the past behind so we're very proud of what took place today and it worked out for both of us far better than anybody even predicted it's an honor to be with you.

i. most world powers welcomed the talks china said history was made at the summit south korea hailed it as a new way forward and the e.u. said the meeting showed that removing nuclear weapons from the korean peninsula is achievable however japan said pressure needs to be kept on the north until concrete steps towards disarmament are seen while the singapore summit saw trump promise to guarantee the north security gang might have reason to remain wary as modest if explains. what's not to like a new nuclear disarmament deal potentially one less country with nukes where all bets are off one of us and we have this truly historic moment on film.

with. you. again. so why does kim jong jr seems to suspicious could be anything poison assassins or trump just waiting to backstab him the united states will withdraw from the iran nuclear deal come to think of it america's nuclear deals to seem to last exactly as long as the incumbent president take the rainy and deal brock obama his partner has worked on it for years so much work so much effort just for trump to tear it all up don't forget obama negotiated the arendelle one of the worst disasters the dumbest

deals ever negotiated except don't feel sorry for a bomber just yet george bush his predecessor also struck a nuclear disarmament deal with gadhafi the two leaders discussed this agreement should help to bring a painful chapter in the history between our two countries closer to closure it worked gadhafi gave up his nukes and what does a bomber do well he goes in bombs gadhafi is army all timidly allowing the rebels to gruesomely murdered him we came we saw that he died. it's almost like something out of game of thrones and we aren't even done bush in turn screwed over bill. clinton stop and roll back north korea's potentially deadly nuclear program we'll continue to implement the agreement we have reached with that nation get smart it's tough clinton had worked for years to make a deal with kim jong un's father to prevent then north korea from making

a nuclear weapon and bush tore it up as seems to be tradition north korea is a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction. while starving its citizens states like these and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil trump is one for tradition in fact he has a habit of tearing up documents memos people as when he's done with them he had a bunch of guys at the white house whose job it was to piece back together the people he shouldn't have torn up we literally had to spend hours per day. piece together the puzzle to tell you can and here we are generations of presidents generations of the trail double crossing and deception

and it seems that hasn't been lost on kim. and nine year old british girl has been placed in rehab over an addiction to online gaming her parents say she is playing for ten hours a day without taking any breaks i. i. i. the game in question is the online multiplayer survival game fortnight which has taken the world by storm one hundred players are dropped onto a virtual island but only one can make it off it's incredibly popular with over forty million downloads since it was launched last july but the parents of the nine year old are calling for its ban. we had no idea when we let her play the game of this addictive nature or the impact it will have on her mental health this is

a serious issue which is destroying our little girl's life and someone needs to step in to ban it before it becomes an epidemic the developers behind fortnight have yet to comment on the incident it's not the first case of gaming addiction the world health organization has already classified the condition as a mental disorder and said many are addicted to video games we put the issue up for debate with psychology expert gina lott and and former hacker. son he's fourteen and. she plays for him and i see him played a lot the great thing about is i see him interacting with kids all over the world there are lots of ways to communicate with people around the world other than video games and our children are losing a little bit of a sight as to what's real and what's maybe virtual i think video games appalled all coaching now that the story that broke recent move annoying year old was how to have because of being on formula we don't blame the parents i don't blame the

children who compete against bond i just don't see the use of them i don't see how they're productive there is such a tendency to spend so much time on the computer at least that studies show that the more time they spend in front of a computer or on their phones the more likely they are to have depression and other mental disorders is being says studies by the university of california for example in twenty fifteen when computer games are she being found tarnishing increased memory especially in three d. games there are many ways to increase memory certainly pen to paper or pencil to paper all sorts of memory games that you can play with a book think games also can teach that it's warm watching a movie they can be good to be for. being sensible you know if your kid's on it for many many hours and there's a problem if the child runs a boss a couple times i was going to be a problem so it's just about more the rationing i think it's just sensible use of the toy interacting socially though is really important thing that children are

losing you know they start to feel like their friends live in their computer when indeed those aren't real people those are real friends that are in their lives especially with children in their in their young formative years for their brains are still developing with the increased risks of mental problems because of it i see no reason to you know make video games part of that when they're just all together not. barry. a suicide bomber has killed eighteen people and injured forty five more in the afghan city of jalalabad on sunday sunday's bombing was the second to hit the city in two days and came during a holiday ceasefire between the taliban and the afghan government the bomb went off while a crowd of people were leaving the local governor's compound no group has claimed responsibility but suspicions have fallen on the terrorist group islamic state which was not included in the cease fire. facebook seems to be running out of

options and its long battle with fake news the company has gone from human fact checkers to an automated system but now it's back to hiring real people explains why in the never ending crusade against fake news facebook has come full circle it's now hiring so-called news credibility specialists to presumably look through and determine the fake from the truth was the can individuals with a passion for journalism who believe in facebook's mission of making the world more connected as a member of the team you'll be toast with developing a deep expert see in facebook news credibility program after media outlets picked up on facebook's new position the social media giant took down that ad re uploading it with a few tweaks and a new title news publisher specialist yeah that raises less questions but wait a second a person deciding what info you should get on social media haven't we seen that

before this is just a system that they put in place that allows people to inflate news sports news into the tranny topics and and also suppress news thats the one in twenty sixteen facebook fired employees apparently after pressure over liberal bias in their trending feed every once in a while a red state to a conservative news source would have a story but we would have to go and find the same story from a moon neutral outlet. then they put an algorithm in charge but that didn't go as planned either with the technology accused of being ineffective and biased within days fake news started trending and they even recently shut down the feature altogether from research we found that over time people found the product to be less and less useful perhaps in deciding what's credible and what's not it makes no difference whether an algorithm or a person does it especially if zuckerberg wants his brainchild to be more than a one sided platform i am i am very committed to making sure that facebook is

a platform for all ideas that is a very important founding principle of what we do well then problem solved no need for news credibility specialist after all donald quarter r.t. . and with stories based on an unidentified sources getting bigger headlines in the mainstream media that all important job of fact checking is getting even more difficult but it still seems you can say what you like when you use those unnamed sources. the latest headlines from a same anonymous source this network. can't wash pool according to someone and the same d.c. hosts i know someone who spoke to donald trump recently about life in the white house and donald trump's biggest complaint was that he's not allowed to watch porn in the white house as proof didn't go into a possible how a sandels deeper into the force keeping trump's down state actors broke into the

d.n.c. undermined hillary clinton to help donald trump when. lives in a separate bedroom and trump asks. according to a book based on evidence you'll never see. according the site of notes i spoke to people who spoke to the president. is that why she probably tried to dig her way out state you'd see twitter experts suggesting just that security food of millenia trauma proving that the white house sinkhole is actually hers keep it on. the on that switch molony on the verge of giving away or escape routes exclusive analysis by its san experts state shoot for the latest news brought to you by essay. the russia world cup has drawn visitors from all over the globe and according to pictures appearing online travelers seem to be arriving from even further afield and this video shot just outside of moscow you can see

a bright white object tearing through the night sky it's clearly not a plane or comet and similar images were captured in towns and cities across central and northern russia sparking rumors of an alien invasion. they exist i knew that. l.o.l. finally returns i missed you. on the international but even alien fans are coming to the world cup twenty eight. unfortunately for u.f.o. spotters the russian space agency has a different explanation light in the sky was in fact a soyuz rocket which was launched from the police cars of a drone in the far north. that's a roundup of the week's major stories and sunday's world cup highlights but don't forget you can always head to our website or to dot com for details on all of that and more.

financial. aid i'm on a few. lines. at the summit my ex in the future so truck that's kind of.

the welcome to worlds apart x. tribe this is in addition to our regular show interest focus on the people behind the stories if asked to name the most oppressive soviet the russian leader joseph stalin is likely to be among the first to come up with the great terror of the one nine hundred thirty still haunts this country with millions executed by son to the gulag what is much less known is that barely a year before the purges began stalin sought to well for the lack of a better word democratized the soviets. and the society pushed back against that this paradoxes of soviet power came to life thanks to the work of an american academic from maryland who were found here in northeast russia almost nine thousand

kilometers away from the old they. are. some months along is an assistant professor at the state university has been teaching here on an almost six years in the morning she's trying to expand her students' english vocabulary by discussing beauty and fashion in the afternoon she scours the local archives in search of documents which shut light on a much happier subject the early years of this. i wouldn't be surprised to find a graduate from the state university teaching at the university of pittsburgh but i think the opposite is still quite exotic how did you up here well i started writing

my dissertation on the one nine hundred thirty six constitution and when i looked in the archives in moscow there was just an overwhelming amount of material so i needed to focus on the region and one of the regions i found a lot of material from lescure of funding was a little bit difficult to come by it's not necessarily the most sexy topic you say no to sex a topic but i think it's a very counter-intuitive topic on many levels how did the idea pop into your well there's a difference actually how i came to them like constitution and stalin seem like two things that shouldn't go check out there so i wanted to see what this was about how serious a project this was whether it was really just a propaganda exercise as it had been described or if there was something a little bit more substantive. now the stalin era is one of the most extensively researched areas of the soviet history and it's also the one that comes with a lot of accept the conventions. this was strictly to tell

a tear in state where everything was decided top bottom line here you are coming out with a book suggesting that stalin actually tried to encourage what he saw at least as genuine political participation why would he need something like well russia is very very big and at the time it had incredibly poor infrastructure and very few members of the communist party in rural areas to govern it so governing desirous empire of the soviet union and modern russia has always been difficult simply because of the expanse and the fact that the population is not densely settled russia has a very peculiar relationship between people in power and it's usually assume the leadership suppresses the people's demands for rides but i take it from your book that in the case of the nine hundred thirty six constitution it was actually the other way around that stalin was actually more liberal and progressive society could take yeah i was quite surprised too and i was looking at particular hey be

a scorpius which is the right hew whew. the ability to have rights when you stand trial to not be arrested without the sanction of the prosecutor etc people were not interested in that that was something that was designed as part of actually reforms to get away from this revolutionary rigol legality and sort of in equal. implementation of both punishment and arrests and people weren't interested people had a lot of problems with crime in the countryside and it tended to be crime that the state didn't prioritize things like drunken beating fast hooliganism that post a real threat arson to people's daily lives prioritize so they one of the ability to arrest people that destabilize their lives on the spot now you told me before the. people in academia really advise you against using the word democracy

when it comes to stalinist russia because they include this notion of civil society that is central to today idea of democracy but. what you're describing just there wasn't talent tearing is my point of time either there was somebody in moscow with a limb of the security apparatus the rest of the country was essentially a lot of self governance is that an accurate. hereon ism as in general has sort of been debunked within the academia simply because more regional studies have proved that they simply didn't have the manpower or the infrastructure to monitor people frequently you know i look at collective farms where they have seen district level officials once every one or two years so the rest of the time they're busy doing whatever they want on their own people in the west would see stalin's out for its courage this are popular participation as

a sham because they would think that genuine democracy would be the impediment to his. with what you're saying. it may have been quite the opposite that he saw it as a means of strengthening his power simply because again as you said he didn't have enough resources and enough manpower to reach every little corner for he actually gives an interview with roy howard in which he discusses his views on democracy he sees it as a whip in the hands of the people to deal with incompetent local officials he encourages them to be active to root out those who are not doing a good job he says you know this person is not building a school if this is dirty if they are not providing the service he she tell us vote this person out because moscow simply didn't have the resources to monitor every single district and region so there was this notion of political accountability very much so now i note that stalin himself was the head of the constitutional

commission he personally worked on the drafts making edits i believe you started some of this. have you been able to draw any ideas about his own psychological profile based on things that he you know kept in took out not necessarily his psychological profile but he tended to be more practical then the other drafters of the original draft was written by a couple of state skin paul and it tends to include a lot of very ideological things for example there was a clause in there that parents should teach their children to hate capitalists stalin and moves that because it's not really constitutional material a lot of the things he pulled out tend to reappear in legislative initiatives things like the number of hours people should work that sort of thing this constitutional was adopted barely a year before the great terror which saw a millions of people either executed or son to the gulags. whenever the subject

comes up in russia always centers on stalin and much less so on the. role the society at large played in allowing that to happen or even facilitating. the whole process having sprung so much time citing the correspondence between you know ordinary people and better leaders do you think these progressive constitution offers any insight into the horrors that followed directly after well i know that the one nine hundred thirty seven repression is one of the reasons that scholars often say to deal with the constitution you said how can you be serious about democracy if you then turn around violate everyone's rights and kill a bunch of people my research has shown that. certainly there were instances in the provinces of people using their new constitutional rights in ways that were threatening to the local power structure so having these new locus of power people were asking to open up churches people were collecting money to bring back priests

and so a lot of this is genuinely threatening to the locals and so they certainly would like to get rid of them and arch getty has postulated that you see a lot of pushback from the regional bosses who are threatened by the opening up of the one nine hundred thirty six constitution and that leads to repression how much is the process are for oppression driven from the center and how much is it locally was it locally mission well the thing is that the repression is sort of multi-pronged you have for example actions against national minorities that tends to be mostly driven because they already have catalogs of these people they have been watching a lot of the national minorities and those also tend to be religion national security issues you know particularly poles koreans. in this area people from the baltic states are often monitored then you also have the center just simply giving large quotas of the numbers of people that need to be arrested. and they let the

locals decide who fills that quota but interestingly enough by nine hundred thirty nine or nine hundred forty most of them have had their sentence commuted and they're back in another position of power that's interesting i heard some western scholars complain of the haphazard nature of access to the archives i wonder if you needed any f.s.b. clearance for about do you have you ever got. an american spy well people joke about it i've been told that i'm a very nice spy well most of the spies are usually very nice they have to go into group graces with people it's never been a problem in the archive part of it maybe my topic the constitution isn't particularly political right now and my current work for this is on collective farms which again is not sensitive if i was doing something on the secret police or even the second world war it may be a little bit different but here they've been great with access. much of samantha research focuses on the correspondence between the locals and the central

authorities in moscow which was more direct than some would expect while the newspapers of the time filled with the praise of sylvia the chairman's individual letters often focused on the failures. we have a question. for. all the people who are contemporary and. want to be very good reception benefiting from yes if the soviet union didn't like to document everything i wouldn't have anything to work with and everything that they've documented lets me see various aspects of people's lives for example the people there feel the ridge here in one thousand nine hundred four he's given a prize of a thousand roubles for his good work but later nine hundred thirty six he's considered a suspect person so you can see how the standings change based on their successful implementation of economic plans different change into policy and you can see you know these people rise and fall in fortunes these documents what is it like i said .