higher education in two thousand and fifteen there were two hundred million in less than fifteen years there are expected to be four hundred million to. be. leveraged. while the demand keeps growing university tuition fees skyrocket the world over the cost of education is high increasing. their. work harder is more. i don't understand how can a school be a scam. in the name of so-called economic pragmatism and as a result of international competition universities are turning into a huge money making machine it's. none of my family members went to university think i wanted to be i wanted to be got one. from shanghai to new york paris to berlin countries around the world reflect trying

different moves each remodelling its system in its own way but at what price and who profits from it. at the starting point of a story which begins at the end of the ninety's. at that time you had this financial izing itself all the while expanding many intellectuals european university presidents and expert groups engage in a vast reflection on how to build a more complete more ambitious europe. how to strengthen its intellectual scientific and technological influence. what is the secret of the united states and its economic power. the answer lies in higher education and research. a realm that has become undeniably east. teaching.

at the end of the twentieth century american universities prevail andrew europe is afraid afraid of finding itself on the sidelines it needs a strategy and so european gauges in a series of reforms to make its higher education more competitive so it can serve europe's economy its productivity its job market and its liberal project england will quickly set the tone before anyone else and to get straight to the point. after the second world war we had a system where local education authorities around the country were responsible for providing a grant to students and giving tuition covering tuitions fees. and that was at

a time when roughly three percent of eighteen year olds went to university around twenty thousand a year. all science students will have their first to be required to attend lectures on physics chemistry mathematics and biology it will also be possible for science students to major in philosophy knowledge is not bullshit look at what a huge never home in one piece and covering all subject all all places. in the one nine hundred eighty s. and nine hundred ninety s. there was a funding crisis amongst universities lots of vice chancellors complaining that they didn't have enough money to cover the amount of students are now coming through the system so the government commissioned a report and this was called the deering report and that came up with a number of recommendations almost one hundred recommendations roughly half for the government about how it could. maintain sustain and improve higher education in the

u.k. and one of the most controversial parts of that report was the introduction of was i in one thousand nine hundred seven the british left led by its young charismatic candidate tony blair wins the elections after eighteen long years of conservative rule. at the age of forty three the head of the labor party takes charge of the country with a program whose foundation is to apply private sector management models to public services so as to make them more efficient more productive room higher education will be no exception. right. we need to widen access to universities get more money into universities and the best and fairest way to do it is a balance between the state and the graduate. face became reality and nine hundred

ninety eight and it was a key landmark in the history of higher education in the u.k. because of that moment the principle of free education free higher education and the unitary finished. for this historic reform tony blair introduces the yearly one thousand pound tuition fee a smooth way to start five years later prompted by his second term election tony blair authorizes universities to charge tuition fees up to three thousand three hundred pounds yearly and tony blair. head of britain's labor party successfully passed a reform that the conservatives would never have dared bring forward. in two thousand and ten the labor party rallies the opposition the coalition made of liberal democrats and conservatives led by david cameron take charge of the country very rapidly the debate of the jewish and fees arises on the political scene again this time the government intends to alter ised to ration fees up to nine thousand pounds

yearly all the while reducing the portion of public funding and it catered to universities this new reform violently divides both members of parliament and public opinion that have been very difficult choices to make we have opted for a such a policy is that provides a strong base for university funding which makes a major contribution to reducing the deficit and introducing a significantly more progressive system of graduate paper and stuff we inherited and i'm proud to put forward that magic so this. order. was certain. that there is nothing a bank that tiny benefit to the lowest income graduates that justifies doubling or tripling the debt of the vast majority of brides isn't it credible for the past

that you actually introduce the principle of graduates paying and thank you for two jewish fee increases is able to drum up quite so much faith and brought the issues down there was any young person ask any young person in any poor communities in our country what is your prospect what is your what do you want to do many would say i want to study i want to qualify i want to go to university i want to achieve something in life. that. yes they are very poor or they're going to borrow money to survive to get through university they simply will not do it this decision matters so much to so many people. i'd say to the house if you don't believe in it vote against it. it's to the right three hundred twenty three you know most of the last three hundred true. god.

was. i was when it was really from three thousand that it became one thousand pounds or it was up to the university if they wanted to introduce nine thousand pounds. face or anything between six thousand and nine thousand and unsurprisingly most university decided to set nine thousand pounds most students we have now half a million students going through every year most of those will be paying a minimum nine thousand pounds a year and that's stuns. over the course of fifteen years british politicians are ruling class that enjoyed free access to education inflicted a paying system on the new generation. british students along with

a european fellows now have to deal with these new rulings that's the way it is. they're young they long for a solid future death thirsty for knowledge and dream of climbing the social ladder all that has a price tag and they'd better get used to him. and that i grew up in a working class family in the south of poland a young woman could have enrolled in a university in cracow in copenhagen or even amsterdam. it would have been free in england and it was granted a student loan to pay for her nine thousand pound tuition fee. i knew i was going to go abroad to study and i think well for a little while i thought it was going to be scotland but then. i think i decided it was england you know like way back and it just stuck with me and i and i came here

and it was it was scary it was so scary because i was away from home i was here alone i didn't have anywhere to turn to and look at me now i study chinese of all the crises that i could have chosen i can't wait for you know what the future holds and what i'm going to do i have so many ideas but we'll see. i talked to my grandfather once and we're talking about everything else and then kind of started talking about university and how much money that costs and everything and i had many thoughts about ok maybe maybe i'll quit maybe i'll you know it's too much maybe it's not worth it and then i realized well how my going to pay it back but that's one of the reasons why i stayed and other reason bigger even is that i like what i do i think i'm not quite sure where that came from my need to

go to university i think is because. none of my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be that one first person who did that and my mom my mom really wanted me to do that as well she did encourage me strongly i don't know what i would do with her if i fail i would i would feel like i failed her and i never want to do that ever. because being here and doing what i do and being university is my way of paying her back problem that she's to me i think. oh yeah i'm good it's my way of paying back for everything.

will the european students be forced one day to get into debt. should education become a syllable good. must you can speak i'm self-made finance he has to earn an education . northern european countries see things a bit differently. that . u.s. president donald trump has repeatedly said he wants better relations with russia he did finally how his long sought summit with vladimir putin both presidents called it a success the american political class and corporate media describe the helsinki summit as a failure and probably worse. seventy four design submissions. seven

thousand islands. to join judges. that eight hundred sixty nonstop days of. the russian w.b. h.m.p. a bit. under russian auto. show you how. long the chromium bridge was built. what does the construction of when you need to transport arteries that will help the heart of crimea. most of those you know while google more familiar with it a bit but. so there's ample of it i'm valid still acting or just a down payment on

a young gun and most of it's all a new year to slump and last on it been any minute don't take off this is that. if a man asked mr don't submit all o'donovan student if beat it sounds like i was at the very last miss out down to spit. only get on to find the phone skilling is going to pull together is going to get is my boy so that all of the hammer in our studio abused. saddam and all the valid hmong are suited up able to scale up with a walking us miles from. a glass on hamlet building but when it's got. going to from an e.q. appears not to most of the bit on the studio. sweden just like denmark and finland not only offers free education to european students but also allocates a universal ground to each through dish student three hundred euros a month for six years. this way the student sees his or her time at university as an experience of freedom and learning a way to shape

a critical mind and apprehend the world here it's important it's called the student experience. they're in love with the us the for us to them to all no matter internet from. their. mics on manic or. don't hold their friends photo and number have a thorough at twelve can escort us in from paid. tanker feet oak tank. mere danger and i'm a forty four and i said here that the lesson from to my dogs the stuff. that. have. you done that made me have a heart that i want to believe that we've got to drum up at the moment joe doesn't have to do this you have to start us off good luck have to get out of this because

you know you might use to come and do what i have visited. and if a child it. it was something to behold i told you all the yes thing. alone this is no time to solve but some answers not just. or soon to most all sales will come to more question out of this i mean i want to come out some say i don't have to do clubs you know fun here no p.o.v. . the moment the sun during the fun thing with a good thing barry and. i think back to them monday our mothers' and me and me and the sun this is the good news was the pelosi and fantasy of a man the most i could give me evidence i was going to the senate called him a spine you say on the surface the. don't get some f. don't talk about stuff different about stuff how the bomb still loom the hormone yourself or more how do you hold about. the music in six months in

a so that's where the moments come from doing the show in the film. industry or something we call toss a. special stimulus i just read this book if you must put. your picture of your teacher about. it when i make do call start on the kind of offering not it's going to cost me to pay you know the drill the size. for my studio for two because i live and let it just not the next minute i think oaks off the floor how are you so think i'll see over your total how this been going on not just when i was trying to figure it out do you hear from enough to say that some famous coke i'm still finding out is that a goddamn patsy of at the end of this week somehow i thought anything new on sunday some of the most complex number six on the c.c. this any time to your point that three hundred to some your thank you for time means that i bought it out in the middle of the on the stand because i think.

what happens elsewhere the jewish unfeeling crease hasn't deterred young english students from enrolling. in one thousand nine hundred eight just before the introduction of tuition fees there were eight hundred thousand students in english universities. there are now two point three million the cost to access knowledge hasn't deterred them so why stop there. dave vice chancellor is already making noises about the cap but he still to live life thousand pounds a year. many are saying that we need to move to an american style system where it's much much more expensive it's not a nine thousand pounds cap it will be much much more but i think what we're witnessing i'm in a cross the public sector in the quezon public sector within the united kingdom within the u.k. it's probably the third phase of competition and privatized marketisation since

since the second world war and that's what we've seen in terms of higher education it's a slow creep and when you start to introduce that you get the leadership of universities stop thinking necessarily about the education that they are providing or about the public good start importing the behaviors of what they see as a competitive environment elsewhere within the private sector. manchester so students we've got many different universities here in manchester metropolitan university university or so forth north west through college of music manchester articulate to me and so on we're told one student population is about one hundred thirty thousand students which is pretty much one third of the city our campus year it is almost as big as manchester city center. the division

of communications and marketing communicates everything that's good about the university both internally and text and it's developing and it's also professionalizing the higher education sector is probably like behind the commercial sector for some time but it's catching up very fast our university has its very own starbucks if you're into starbucks if you're into like taking selfies with your starbucks cup and everything this is pretty much the clothes to go if you go to subway you're going to get a free cookie if you go to mcdonald's you're going to get a free mc for ian so. saw the series pretty much made for students so make great use of the student fees have increased from three thousand pounds to nine thousand pounds that does mean that students want better value for money they want more and marketing and help and communicate what what the benefits of an organization are so we always have many many different people coming over we had some professors from

many different countries we're also movie directors and everything if you want to make a good impression stuff you can get a job offers this work in higher education in the u.k. traditionally like historically communications and marketing have been very much a support function what we're seeing now is a transformation where we're moving from a supporting role to a leadership role. and that's the feeling that as has come very very quickly over the last few years that it's not just about education anymore it's also about running a business many universities are now businesses and the vice chancellors are also chief executives and they make no they're not shy in saying this they have to make money they have to make a profit and startlingly what we found is that over

a period of five years vice chancellors salaries had increased by on average somewhere in the region of twenty six percent whereas in the same period for your main gate lectures those people are actually providing the service to the students saw their pay drop in real terms by twelve percent well this is a clear normally and you have to ask yourself the questions of why is this happening. reform this is the only system similar to all those worldwide that support paying education rely on an essential concept an economic theory born in the sixty's. and it rose to. at the end of the ninety's. the human capital. but capital you must take what i say first course a day or. and a d.v.d. you disposed us took the complete dose of the good results the very noisy ugly short of it don't. you know that bt loss over the

reform as you are farmers or you disturb a course you state. this would be so nail it all off you pause. the sounds. you give that even if that the name there was new and so it all clichy cimon do them on the island remember the fiance left pharmacy also give either a pause a larger society yet or cover up auto to come does it true that is the truth was also happy it what you fear most at regime like in a sauce not blue green valley or economic is very likely to meet at a sausage d.c. printed if you jump so that your course you pause desire may lead to your street are good or proceed you know says it you didn't kill some other top receiver you got the ishay. that point

me to her she clung to it we all don't have a shot is. influenced by the english tidal wave in two thousand and six germany also raised his tuition fees authorizing universities to charge one thousand euros per year this ugly within a few years all the lender of federal states slowly abandon this policy to return to an entirely free system. does deutsche of this one only has it. it's business as for homes and buildings i'm a bridge too long how does miti get blocked as the owner visited if i had to go to when he visited. the top of. the first roof or the m for a new truck before noms to him could be at odds of. so in other

words order to human door slammed by to him to be on fire fighter and you don't count. as many action scene come. on. skips us getting annoyed with a connotation when he visited and get. this and shift its business model to the titan daughter of sweden to get skips e'squus in that benzine. xen vase is doing good be on z. but son listen and. we visit if it's a must but the university of manchester doesn't suit us. in this it's your aunt to florida to new york equal for cedar fair become. decent in this dude's yawn and placed. despite some resistance the english model is spreading throughout europe.

it applies theories elaborated by large international instances mostly by the world bank and the o.e.c.d. . from now on the knowledge market is the new doctrine universities are expected to become a strategic force in wealth production. they must become like companies and industries they must promote applied research they must favor employee ability they must produce a qualified workforce consistent with companies designers. mogs does dish to put a bit of affinity socially as you duffer going to fix those people going to harm and see if you can be moved. the audion take mission that i consider and traineeships into neeman would be human though it depends if it will surely come to be doctors and any means no one else could be didn't want does this cover just off that is to give it the it could in on the whole shooting me might split season does he didn't let you into neiman boy in does not in the guy says they didn't engineer

his and shaft is he they can play ability absolute feat if owned up is in dolphin does he divisions of the fully tate's sister that she did all things to didn't need to identify. this british i'm drama to coniston what the first did when he visited freddy and us not to us but was always been institute through one this is it just wasn't george land in the who should come up with these i wonder if he is the if he isn't lee by months on sneak fresh to eat the stuff belonging to the team production in front of him that. most people think just stand out in this business you need to be the first one on top of the story or the person with the loudest voice of the biggest raid in truth to stand there since you just need as the right questions demand the right answer.

the. question. it's hard to imagine the decades after the war a nazi don't it was still active rich in the nineteen seventies crittle had as the chair of its ford a man convicted of mass murder and slavery at auschwitz a german company told developed thalidomide a drug that was promoted as completely safe even during bring them so you. don't die of terrible side effects what has happened to my baby is anything but. you know she said he's just got choked up minix a little mind victims i have to this day received no compensation they never apologized for the suffering that not only want the money i want the revenge. just like the comparison to the brakes and versus the u.s. policies versus global trade so dollar topcoats of the global trading environment

with the ability what leverage america's got to leverage in that economy and it can reshape the global economy they eat you can a went against the e.u. with no leverage they have a zero leverage against the e.u. therefore they've lost tragically against you and their colleagues being marginalized and isolated as a result of it they completely misstated i misunderstood there at the equation between the u.k. and the e.u. when it comes to business and trade.

summit take to the white house announces donald trump inviting the russian president to the u.s. in the autumn courses in the american media. three years of hardship on the rebel siege and the thousands of residents of true syrian town it's after they were moved to government controlled territory in a prisoner exchange. and radio showing the foreign minister saying that there is no such thing as a peaceful multicultural society and triggers a wave of criticism that he claims he only made those comments in order to start a debate. followed his q. . team multicultural societies promises to the perfect twenty first century societies.