to strengthen its intellectual scientific and technological influence. what is the secret of the united states and its economic power. the answer lies in higher education and research. a realm that has become undeniably strategic. at the end of the twentieth century american universities prevail andrew europe is afraid afraid of finding itself on the sidelines it needs a strategy and so european gauges in a series of reforms to make its higher education more competitive so it can serve europe's economy its productivity its job market and its liberal project england

will quickly set the tone before anyone else and to get straight to the point. after the second world war we had a system where local education authorities around the country were responsible for providing a grant to students and giving to receive covering tuitions fees. and that was at a time when roughly three percent of eighteen year olds went to university around twenty thousand. all science students will for their first two terms be required to attend lectures on physics chemistry mathematics and biology it will also be possible for science students to major in philosophy knowledge is not bullshit look at what a huge mit were one in one and covering all sides of all all places. in the one nine hundred eighty s. and nine hundred ninety s. there was a funding crisis amongst universities lots of vice chancellors complaining that they didn't have enough money to cover the amount of students are now coming

through the system so the government commissioned a report and this was called the deering report and that came up with a number of recommendations almost one hundred recommendations roughly half for the government about how it could. maintain sustain and improve higher education in the u.k. and one of the most controversial parts of that report was the introduction of was i in one thousand nine hundred seven the british left led by its young charismatic candidate tony blair wins the elections after eighteen long years of conservative rule. at the age of forty three the head of the labor party takes charge of the country with a program whose foundation is to apply private sector management models to public services so as to make them more efficient more productive and higher education

will be no exception. right. we need to widen access to universities get more money into universities and the best and fairest way to do it is a balance between the state and the graduate. face became reality and nine hundred ninety eight and it was a key landmark in the history of higher education in the u.k. because at that moment the principle of free education free higher education in the u.k. finished. for this historic reform tony blair introduces the yearly one thousand pound tuition fee a smooth way to start five years later prompted by his second term election tony blair authorizes universities to charge tuition fees up to three thousand three hundred pounds yearly and tony blair. head of britain's labor party successfully passed a reform that the conservatives would never have dared bring forward. in two thousand and ten the labor party rallies the opposition the coalition made of liberal

democrats and conservatives led by david cameron take charge of the country very rapidly the debate of the jewish and fees arises on the political scene again this time the government intends to alter ised to ration fees up to nine thousand pounds yearly all the while reducing the portion of public funding and it catered to universities this new reform violently divides both members of parliament and public opinion the have been very difficult choices to make we have opted for a such of policies that provide a strong base for university funding which makes a major contribution to reducing the deficit and introducing a significantly more progressive system of graduate paper and stuff we inherited and i'm proud to put forward that magic so this. very. order. that

there is nothing a bank that tiny benefit to the lowest income graduates that justifies doubling or tripling the debt of the vast majority of brides isn't it credible that the party opposite who actually introduced the principle of graduates paying and thank you for two jewish and fee increases is able to drum up quite so much faith and drug issues down there was any young person ask any young person in any poor communities in our country what is your prospect what is your what do you want to do many would say i want to study i want to qualify i want to go to university i want to achieve something in life. help them. less they are very poor or they're going to borrow money to survive to get through university they simply will not do it this decision matters so much to

so many people. i'd say to the house if you don't believe in it vote against it was. to the right three hundred twenty three you know most of the last three hundred true. god. god. was when the count was really from three thousand that it became one thousand pounds i was up to the university if they wanted to introduce nine thousand pounds a maximum face or anything between six thousand and nine thousand and unsurprisingly most university decided to set nine thousand pounds most students have now half a million students going through every year most of those will be paying a minimum nine thousand pounds

a year and that's stuns. over the course of fifteen years british politicians are ruling class that had enjoyed free access to education inflicted a paying system on the new generation. british students along with a european fellows now have to deal with these new rulings that's the way it is. they're young they long for a solid future that dusty for knowledge and dream of climbing the social ladder all that has a price tag and they'd better get used to him. and that i grew up in a working class family in the south of poland the young woman could have enrolled in a university in cracow in copenhagen or even amsterdam. it would have been free in england and it was granted a student loan to pay for her nine thousand pounds tuition fee. i

knew i was going to go abroad to study and i think well for a little while i thought it was going to be scotland but then. i think i decided it was england you know like way back and it just stuck with me and i and i came here and it was it was scary it was so scary because i was away from home i was here alone i didn't have anywhere to turn to and look at me now i study chinese of all the crises that i could have chosen i can't wait for you know what the future holds and what i'm going to do i have so many ideas but we'll see. i talked to my grandfather once and we're talking about everything else and then kind of started talking about university and how much money that costs and everything and i had many thoughts about ok maybe maybe i'll quit maybe i'll you

know it's too much maybe it's not worth it and then i realized well how my going to pay it back but that's one of the reasons why i stayed and other reason bigger even is that i like what i do i think i'm not quite sure where that came from my need to go to university i think is because. none of my family members went to university i think i wanted to be i wanted to be that one first person who did that and my mom my mom really wanted me to do that as well she did encourage me strongly i don't know what i would do with her if i fail i would i would feel like i failed her and i never want to do that ever. because being here and doing what i do and being university is my way of paying her back problem that she's to me i think.

oh yeah i'm good it's my way of paying back for everything. will the european students be forced one day to get into debt. should education become a sellable good. must didn't speak i'm self-made finance he has to earn an education . northern european countries things a bit differently. i've been saying the numbers mean something they matter to us is over one trillion dollars in debt more than ten white collar crime stamping each dish. eighty five

percent of global wealth he longs to be culturally rich eight point six percent market saw thirty percent slice last year some with four hundred to five hundred trade per circuit first shot and bitcoin rose to twenty thousand dollars. china is building two point one billion dollars a i industrial park but don't let the numbers overwhelm. the only numbers you need to remember is one one business shows you can't afford to miss the one and only boom box. plucked seventy four design submissions say. seven thousand islands. to join judges. that eight hundred sixteen nonstop days of. a russian w.b. a jump ahead. and

a russian mob stuff. show you how and why the crimea bridge was built to. witness the construction moving in need to transport the terrain that will help the heart of crimea be close to most of those while google more familiar with it a bit but it's clear. you know world big partisan movie lot and conspiracy it's time to wake up to dig deeper to hit the stories that mainstream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door on the fast and shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the truth the time is now for watching closely watching the hawks.

game this national camera. run through once they showed some new pain for them. to joan cool videos and film with the broccoli staring at. mine down more unstring i don't rightly don't t.v. . so there's something wrong with that them valid still acting on. on the hang on and most of it's on a need to some pinned on it between men and men don't think all this is. if a man asked mr don't submit all along instead of used to beat it sounds like i was at the very fast miss out to down to spit. or lick it on to find new found skill angles going to pull together is going to get is my boy so but all of the hammer in

our studio. so dumb it all be valid more suited up a oke to scold me for okaying is miles from comedy and at last i'm here not beating but when sky. going to from a it appears not and so most of the bit on the studio. just like denmark and finland not only offers free education to european students but also allocates a universal ground to each through dish student three hundred euros a month for six years. this way the student sees his or her time at university as an experience of freedom and learning a way to shape a critical mind and apprehend the world care it's important it's called the student experience. they are in love with the us the for us to them no matter internet from . their. mics on manic or.

don't hold their friends photo and number her third at twelve can escort us in from paid. tank a feat oke tank. mere danger and i'm a forty four and i said here that the lesson from to oak that my dogs. love that. i have. done that made me have a heart that i want to believe that we've got to drum up at the moment joe doesn't have to do it if you have to start us off good laughs at the end of this because you know the show you might use to come in. and obviously have a. little child if you know man. it was something to behold i told you all the yes thing. alone to those trying to solve all stem cells from just over or

soon to most all cells come to more question out of this i mean. some say i don't have to do clubs you know fine here no p.o.v. so. the moment my son you know you know from three months ago come here and thing during the time i think back to empty our mothers' and me and me and decide this is the good news what's the person's fantasy of a man the most i could give me evidence i was going to the senate called him a spine you say on the surface the. don't get some f. don't tempt stuff different stuff how the more the school whom the whole are about yourself or more how do you hold about. if you know what he's going to discuss it so that's where the moments come from doing the show not the. investigation from we call the tallest. thing as a special stimulus i just read this book if i must put. your picture of your to do i. even have to call certain kind of golfing on the come to you all sleeping out in

. the side. former state before too because i live it and it has not the most money i think of the oaks of this lot harder so i think i'll see over your total how this been going on but yes when i was trying to figure this out do you congressman a few people say that that's something to muskoka stuff out there as they go out there but see it at the end of this week some of my holiday i think anything new on sunday some of the most complex number six on the seas if there's any kind to your point that three hundred to some your thank you for having me and i've already asked you to have it on the stand because i think. this. like what happens elsewhere the jewish in phoenix hasn't deterred young english students from enrolling. in one thousand nine hundred eight just before the introduction of tuition fees there were eight hundred thousand students in english

universities. there are now two point three million the cost to access knowledge hasn't deterred them so why stop there. dave vice chancellor is already making noises about the cap but he still to live life thousand pounds a year. many are saying that we need to move to an american style system where it's much much more expensive it's not a nine thousand pounds cap it will be much much more i think what we're witnessing i'm in a cross the public sector an equation on public sector within the united kingdom within the u.k. it's probably the third phase of competition and privatized market ties ation since since the second world war and that's what we've seen in terms of higher education it's a slow creep and when you start to introduce that you get the leadership of universities stop thinking necessarily about the education that they are providing or about the

public good start importing the behaviors of what they see as a competitive environment elsewhere within the private sector. manchester so you students see we've got many different universities here manchester metropolitan university university of so forth north west through college of music manchester articulate a million songs over total student population is about one hundred thirty thousand students which is pretty much one third of the city our campus here it is almost as big as manchester city center. the division of communications and marketing communicates everything that's good about the university both internally and text and it's developing and it's also professionalizing the higher education sector is probably like behind the commercial sector for some time but it's catching up very

fast our university has its very own starbucks if you're into starbucks if you're into like taking selfies with your starbucks cup and everything this is pretty much the place to go if you go to subway you're going to get a free cookie if you go to mcdonald's you're going to get a free mic for ian so. saw the city is pretty much made for students so make great use of a student fees have increased from three thousand pounds to nine thousand pounds that does mean that students want better value for money they want more in marketing and help and communicate but what the benefits of an organizational so we always have many many different people coming over we had some professors from many different countries we have also movie directors and everything if you want to make a good impression stuff you can get a job offers in higher education in the u.k. traditionally like historically communications and marketing have been very much

a support function what we're seeing now is a transformation where we're moving from a supporting role to a leadership role. and that's the feeling that as has come very very quickly over the last few years that it's not just about education anymore it's also about running a business many universities are now businesses and the vice chancellors are also chief executives and they make no they're not shy in saying this they have to make money they have to make a profit and startlingly what we found is that over a period of five years vice chancellors salaries had increased by on average somewhere in the region of twenty six percent whereas in the same period for your main gate lecturers those people are actually providing the service to the students saw their pay drop in real terms by twelve percent well this is

a clear normally and you have to ask yourself the questions of why is this happening. reform this is the only system similar to all those worldwide that support paying education rely on an essential concept an economic theory born in the sixty's. and it rose to fame. at the end of the ninety's. the human capital. the capital you must acquire say the first course a day or. an a d.v.d. you disposed us stuck the complete also the good is also very noisy i was short of it don't. you know that bt. lost all of the reform as you have a thriller from a story of a stellar course you state. this would be so nail it all off you pause. the songs. you give that is that the name

they both knew it so it all clichy cimon do them on the island remember the feel see the pharmacy also give either a pause a larger society yet don't have a bottle to come does it true that is if you force a cup of coffee it what you fear most at rouge like on a sauce not blue green valley or economic is very likely to meet at a sausage d.c. printed if you jump so that your course you pause desire may let you just revive our good old proceed you know says it you didn't kill so i did not perceive you he got bigger share. in the toy to me that the bush plan to eat. is. influenced by the english tidal wave in two thousand and six germany also raised

this tuition fees authorizing universities to charge one thousand euros per year literately even if susie is all the lender of federal states slowly abandon this policy to return to an entirely free system. ga first that's for not only has it. it's business as for homes and buildings i'm a big dog how does midget buck does the owner visited if i had to go to when he visited. the top that wouldn't just the first room or the m for hundreds to him could be at odds with. so in other words order to human door slammed by to him to be on fire fighter and you don't count. as money action scene come. on. skips us getting another connotation when he visited and get. this in shaft its business

model to tighten daughter leading to it skips is in that been seen. z. but listen and. we visit if it's was pretty university of manchester dunn's into us. in the states your aunt the foreigner to the arctic will for cedar fair become. decent in the states you and placed. despite some resistance the english model is spreading throughout europe. it applies theories elaborated by large international instances mostly by the world bank and the o.e.c.d. . from now on the knowledge market is the new doctrine universities are expected to become a strategic force in wealth production. they must become like companies and industries

they must promote applied research they must favor in playability they must produce a qualified workforce consistent with companies designers. mogs does these took to it a bit of affinity swoosh nearly as yet duffy going to fix that i'll speak i'm going to go home and see if you can be moved. take mission that i consider. traineeships into neeman war d. human though it depends if i. love to be daft isn't a name it's not my ability hadn't what does is garbage all stuff that is to give it the it could in under who truly need it sees it doesn't always been busted into name and boy does not in the guise is the end and engineer of his and she often is he that employee ability id for absolute fi to get it from or end up is in dolphin does the divisions of the qualitative good to get out into then me to identify. this britisher more that i'm drama to comment first did when you visited forty others number of books always been one to institute through one this is addressed

was indoors in the usual these i want to is there reasonably by months on finished first did the first bill lord of the team for george one for that. it's hard to imagine decades after the war a nazi doctor was still active rich in the nineteen seventies crittle had as the chair of its board a man convicted of mass murder and slavery at auschwitz the german company gruntal developed for the divide a drug that was promoted as completely safe even during pregnancy it turned out to have terrible side effects what has happened to my baby is anything paul. she said is just cut short arms minix and i don't mind victims i have to this day received no compensation then never apologized for the suffering that. not only want the

money i want the revenge. the fairness means that you're not going to take instruction from any of the four and we know that in the situation of syria they've never done that the mandate that was given to us is broad it's not targeting one. but to put aside to this conflict it is broad it is focusing on identifying investigated person building five on sunday the most serious. four men are sitting in a car when the phipps gets shot in the head. all four different versions of what happened one of them is on the death row there's no way he could have done it there's no possible way because the list did

not shoot around a fork. and i. was. going to get. to see if that was. nothing. good. life. good. family. good good food russia

sharing goodness. a year after islamic state is run out of the iraqi city of mosul it still remains in ruins we hear from a local resident about life after liberation. or two bodies still down on their feet bodies in that house behind us still inside stench coming from them these very strong children getting sick because of this. also this hour a shaky cease fire is restored between hamas militants and israel after violent clashes on the gaza border raising fears of a full blown conflict in the region. and students at a university in england removed a famous poem by a british writer read your kipling from a campus wall claiming he was a racist who stood against their ideals we asked people in london what they think about them.