is that cities that were open to the gay and lesbian population cities that have a larger to stick design music literary bohemian population those cities. tended to be the cities where entrepreneur technological innovators settled into higher rates of innovation so that's what we reported absolutely but. this is not just your ideas you're based on a certain statistical data and i one day and again if that data is more specific to the united states than let's say you know the middle east or. you know for sure our data was born in the united states but there were a guy forget his name at the institute for international economics in washington who kind of wanted to try to understand the middle east and he ran an analysis of the whole world now not at the city level but at the national level and in this analysis he said i want to look at the role of openness to to gay and lesbian people in relation to things how globalized economy was and how productive and how

well it performed economically and he was shocked he was literally shocked to find that the openness to the gay and lesbian population had a lot to say about how globally oriented that economy was and how economically productive i assume that i suppose there would be another correlation to how well that country's relations have in the united states because the united states stands to export its country's its values rather on its allies so that would be a currency i just don't know but i think look i i have no agenda i truly interesting you know i grew up in a working class blue collar family in a very racist and homophobic environment so for me the discovery of these things was not about any kind of agenda but simply trying to look at the market and on market factors that are associated and the point of view is that it wasn't a gay and lesbian population nor was it a bohemian artistic population places that are open to men and women boys and girls . people of ethnic and racial differences tend to benefit because different kinds

of people combining in recombining lead to better and stronger accommodate what i'm particularly interested in is what you define as open is because many societies in the middle east as well as here in russia have different ways of expressing that openness for example lebanon beirut is a gay capital of the middle east at night but it is a fairly conservative muslim society during the day i wonder what do you define this openness. is very culturally specific i can only tell you what my my data tell me look i'm a repressed a recovering catholic by the sisters very lady of st joseph went to our lady queen of peace taught by the christian brothers by the way my wife's arabic she's christian arabic but her family's from jordan i've taught in abu dhabi so i know i know kind of the world pretty well what my data tell me is that places that are open to difference places that open new ideas are more innovative and if you push

every society at the same pace you know every society has its own rules its own norms but the point is that the places that tend to be the most open minded end up with a kind of innovation like san francisco or the bay area the places that aren't what has been which is quite tragic then if you're gay or you're a lesbian or you woman and you feel oppressed or a member of an ethnic or racial minority if you have ability you leave and you migrate to one of those places so look i'm the last one trying to impose my norms on anyone but i'm just saying that these things from an empirical point you seem to matter i think we are living in a very interesting time when part of our culture is culture and values are globalized especially in big cities but some part of it is very very local and there we are seeing tensions between those sets of values in your own country and around the world you travel the globe along have you seen a place a country where those that some values integrate her. you can tolerate difference

without necessarily becoming somebody else retaining a core part of your national identity oh canada is the closest canada where i live part of the year is the closest but we even see the backlash there we invented populism with this crazy mayor ford and now his brother is the premier of the largest province ontario but here's what i think. we are going through a dramatic economic and social and cultural transformation parts of our society are winning and parts of these cosmopolitan urban centers have new values that women want to participate gay and lesbian people want immigrants want rights in many cities are saying that's my way but there are more traditional parts of society that are saying no i don't want that i live in a more of a rural community in the united states a signal issue is gun ownership here's where i get in trouble as a as a person of the left here's where i get in trouble with my colleagues on the left i believe we should have one national policy i believe in a country that's divided probably as much as any in the world we actually have to

localise our government we have to say we can't get an inch other's face if i want to live in a cosmopolitan city with incredible women's rights and gay rights and no guns and whatever i should be able to live there if you want to live in a city that has a different approach and that's what you like you should be able to live there startling facts for your viewers in the united states less than twenty percent of americans have trust and faith and confidence in the federal government were divided fifty fifty on our states about seventy five to eighty five percent of us have trust and faith and confidence in our local government that's because we get to pick where we live and elect the leaders we want i actually think this is i call it mutual mutual to terence or regional coexistence with the u.s. and russia i think mutual coexistence is the way and localized governance that i can live in my area you live in your ear we share some basic underlying principles but i'm not going to get in your faces the way you say you're a person of the left glove but do you think that kind of philosophy is acceptable to many of the leftists in the united states because they seem to be

a very sad on seeing the kind of problem they want to see in without recognizing that on me the different you know the united states is divided in a way i would have never anticipated and it's become in the words of my colleague jonathan at n.y.u. a tribal fight the new religion in the united states is really i have my left where you have your right way know in my friends on the left get mad at me but i don't see. any other way out and not just for the united states i see this is a global phenomenon there are in this kind of wrenching economic time where you're transitioning sexual norms cultural norms economic conditions there are a lot of people are saying no no no no it's too fast for me i just think there's got to be a way to allow people to live differently and the only way i can see that happening is by localizing government by taking the power out of the the the national levels and giving it to the local levels i think we need a society that can be more of a federation of localities than is a one way my way or the highway i mentioned before that there are many people in

russia who know your work and our knew about it it actually even produced a special word in the russian language it's pronounced as. a pejorative for tranda looking man and women who put that comfort above their country and i think that capture is the fear on the part of certain traditionalist in this country that cost him a political and patriotism are incompatible i wonder if you actually agree with them on some level i think i put my finger on something unwittingly you know living in pittsburgh in a very kind of back place not in new york or london writing about the creative class i think i put my finger on something that i didn't fully understand so you know i didn't propagate this debate in russia or sweden or the united kingdom and have this heated argument but i think what what you're saying is the conflict of our time and because we're so geographically not only class divided we're geographically divided the urban cosmopolitans in one place the traditionalist in

another place that's what's causing this so i think this divide. and i line up personally more on the cosmopolitan side but i come from a place that is much more on the traditional side i travel the world i go to the american south i talk to people. people are good you know i don't i don't know what their people are good they want what's best for their community so i guess what i'm saying is we cannot i can. impose my values on them they can impose their values on me we have to learn to collins and if people who think like they did have a command of the media they usually have this stage and they do seem that bad values are more or less universal ought to be universal and well they should wake up because donald trump really is the president. of the united states and if i look at the national level in my country it's not there's been this general liberal awakening in terms of national level politics i mean i was born when eisenhower was president kennedy but you know it's gone reagan and then bush and then

a little blip with clinton and then george w. bush and then obama now trump our country maybe in a way trending more right and so this idea that everyone can live in the world i would like liberal called the policy in utopia that's not happening so i think what we can do is tolerate difference now my friends on the left will say oh my god that's what now is in the oh liberal show for conservatives mocking writes the twist at the opposite way but i don't see a way out when we get to discussion of economic and social and cultural divide we can't keep imposing my cosmopolitan creative way your traditional working way it just won't work and by the way you know i have a i haven't a guy who used to be a big opponent of mine joel kotkin and he's written about the suburban traditional communities i've written about the urban cosmopolitan community when trump was elected i sent him a note and said joe we've been arguing past one another we've become best friends because we simply agree that we will deal with each other as argument and accept

each other and watch us as the me who's actually very cosmopolitan guy in his own outlook he says richard people in suburbs are good people people in rural areas are good people they don't want what your creative class in the urban areas want let's deal with the local let's let people choose what they want but if i want to choose a cosmopolitan way and you want to choose a traditional way let's find a way to coexist and that's what makes a great nation a great collection of people. professor for the rich have to take a very short break now but we'll be back in just a few moments. there is the most noble political deciders to have more green energy but it's implemented

in the wrong commercial way. it will over the next few years save was enough of the time to move three full five years you would have such a melanson all subsidized projects that are unlikely to be able to stand on their own two feet. for a man or sitting in a car when the fifths gets shot in the head. for different versions of what. one of them is on the death row there's no way he could have done it there's no possible way because the lists do not shoot around a corner.

welcome back to old apartment and reach earth lower their professor at the university of toronto and the best selling author professor for the just before the break we were talking about this conflict between the environment there are been environment and the lab at least that's how i conceptualize it that some people enjoy the environment and the feel of this again some people have a deeper connection to that land and i think what we have seen in both backs it and the election of the launch is the commitment on the part of the. electorate to. develop land from the land that has been the ignored or they feel has been they ignored because they obviously vs. old the resources as an economist do you think there is any truth to that or is it just the anger though i actually see too much has been the of economic inequality. in both and the election of trump and actually

it wasn't the least advantaged people saying they were very. hot the most advantage but the people who voted for bricks that are trump tended to have some level of economic advantage they weren't the poorest what really is behind it is geographic inequality the people who voted for mrs clinton tended to live in the largest the most diverse the most innovative metropolitan areas i forget the number but it's not a lot the people who voted for donald trump similarly with rex's came from smaller metropolitan areas suburban areas in rural areas so i think it is where people live and it reflects the shift in both economic opportunity and in values and look it's leading to the seesawing in politics you know one one time you get a more liberal one time you get a more conservative one time you get an opening when the next time you get a breath now i know that you were traumatized by both bracks events and of donald trump but. what you're saying here is essentially that we leave in a day and age when it is easier for people to change

a country or to change in location where they live rather than to change things within. cation and it is easier to both if you have to move out of the neighborhood that you don't like don't you think that. mr trump as not as much as you detest him represents. you know a different kind of philosophy you know let's face here and let's do something about those run down communities i wish but i think everything in his public policy perspective is hurting those communities whether it's high tariffs whether it's elimination of the safety and whether it's. really deregulating labor laws so i think what's really interesting is he still gets votes from those places even after he's acting against their interests what i find really fascinating when we think about all of this you know i read the social media i'm on twitter i'm sitting here in moscow with you what i hear trump and putin in this in the u.s. and russia and this and that when i come to moscow it's amazing city and at this

conference no one's talking about that they're talking about how do you build a great city what are best practices how do you build better open space how do you deal with mobility how do you deal with inclusion affordable housing in a way maybe i was traumatized by the election of trump but it was my biggest wake up call to say just forget about that stuff i mean it's just you can't change it but what i can do is help to make places like moscow or new york or los angeles or paris or whatever better more interesting city i think that's raised you know if you listen to the mayor of moscow you will find many similarities here and it makes many of the same points that mr trump was making during his campaign you know invest in the. roads and bridges and the infrastructure that connects. cities not necessarily i mean i've heard you say that he is the sort of most egregious and urban president but do you think you're being fair to him because he even he's on very weird way but he is talking about some of the issues that i'm

sure you care about deeply and i hope. the mayor of moscow is actually doing the investing because donald trump is a lost cause by just for investment is twenty five percent so i'm not i'm going to do if i understand the popular. just reason for donald trump. i think any reasonable reading of the evidence is not pursuing a policy agenda which is benefiting those communities that said i wish someone would i think one of the big issues in the united states is the how do we create move from what i call winner take all or because we're super star cities and large metropolitan areas game and smaller and medium sized places fall behind but i don't think the federal government can do that when i maybe i would like you to do it but i don't think it can i think that will only come from taking the power from the national level and handing it to the cities to use the way they want if you're a big city and want to do certain things and invested transit and be more open minded fine if you're

a smaller place and you want to build more roads and bridges and that's what you get around falling but i think we can't do it it's not one way there has to be many different ways and a competition that's what i think and i would like to see real investment in u.s. infrastructure between be taken lightly transit and high speed rail but our federal government. and the congress is not the way for it let me ask you about the role for at home you mentioned earlier the former mayor of toronto and also a kind of character that is not the most intuitive social model a former drug user. in some respects he pre-dated. what do you think makes people respond to characters like that because it afeared to say in some of the interview when rob ford was elected the city economy was generally good you know the investment in social infrastructure was increasing the schools were good their roads were improving and yet people often play that kind of character what was driving them is that. i guess it's not all about economists tippett right so

the fords both rob ford who was the mayor of toronto and his brother doug who's now premier of ontario so this is a position like being governor of new york or california or massachusetts there are coalitions very different. tribes coalition was. mainly white predominately men but also white women male dominated families very low votes from immigrants and hispanic latino black people but the forwards in contrast not only took white working class voters but took a whole range of what in canada we called new canadians caribbean indian chinese what i think in that case i think it's true is that people were tired of governments that don't deliver that it was a sense that these government city governments provincial governments national governments don't deliver and they want more economic opportunity one they don't want to pay as much taxes in two they want less government control of their lives and more economic opportunity that seems to me that something all of us have to deal with i may be more in the west i may believe in it

a bigger role for government but a large part of the population is saying something else we want more economic opportunity we want lower taxes we want more effective government and we don't care if we burn the temple down that that's giving me a wake up call and honestly as hard and wrenching as has been for me it's been my biggest growth experience because i realize what we're talking about my way is one way there are other ways and when i talk to my friends and family who voted for donald trump or voted for doug ford or rob ford i'd like them i don't hate them you know we may have a big argument but i love love them so they're not bad people they just think in different ways possible and i think we have to accommodate that and understand that all of us you may be an exception because i actually have friends in the united states who stopped talking to each other. after the election of bill and time because one voted for him and another would if a clinton and they still don't talk and i think it's you know it's not just my individual. experience that i think it's

a broader phenomenon when you know certain parts of the society don't want to do so this is telling me something that we have to when this happens when people stop talking to one another we have to reduce the stakes there is something wrong with the nationalization of. all it takes that otherwise sensible people stop talking to one of them or reduce the stakes transfer the power to the local level when i go to a city honestly i can generally not tell if somebody is a democrat or republican and these fights don't exist it's only when it comes to trump or clinton were this one of that one so let's reduce the darn states let's localize now it's going to take a long time to localize these things and where things get done pragmatically and less ideologically is i also wonder whether you think it would be helpful for those . urban communities swallow for urban communities to support more investment into those empowers communities that elected downtown one that one hundred percent i think many of us miss the boat when we think somehow the federal government is

going to do that maybe in some other planet utopia it will what my friend ben barber the late ben barber who wrote a magnificent book. called if mayors ruled the world was working to was a was a global parliament of mayors like the u.n. were ben says these cities could actually work together to do redistribution show if new york and moscow and london were prospering these mayors could get together and create a fund and begin to redistribute money if they had money coming back from the federal government so i think we have to think about this in new ways but this whole idea that's a legacy of the nineteenth and twentieth century that the strong national governments will somehow fix this problem it will happen well it may not happen for you i think really in russia. i have a different opinion at least in this country the government is still the state is still the main driver of. change including urban change. decenter where we're sitting right now is in a is an example of that because they still make very large scale investments in big

projects while also trying to you. you know encourage investment on the correct thing that could actually work to try to remove the benefits of both centralization and decentralized sure. nice seeing in europe generally there's more of a tradition of having a federal and regional redistribution so the e.u. and its attempt to do smart specialization by focusing on the quality regions one of my friends in the united kingdom said well in the united kingdom we're small we could just build high speed rail but here's a fact for you in russia moscow accounts for a third or more of g.d.p. in canada toronto accounts for twenty percent of g.d.p. in the united states new york is only ten percent of g.d.p. so in many ways and i'm not trying to make this as a criticism. russia is a more spatially an equal opportunity the top sided lopsided economy so even state led redistribution can't solve this that's telling me something that maybe the way

to deal with this is certainly you could use federal redistribution but instead of doing that from the top let the localities keep more money because they are the ones that know how to spend it so if moscow needs more bike lanes i'm making is you know i don't know the situation but if moscow needs more bike lanes and. subway and high speed rail spend it there is an hour wind community needs better roads and bridges better high speed internet speed that there i think this decentralized model could be a way of one being more economically effective into overcoming the cultural and social divides that pit us against one another now in your say in your latest book . and the urban crisis here. in your approach what's happening in many urban communities as a crisis but it's only a crisis when you define success in terms of investment and material gains and so on and so why don't you think that perhaps that's just the natural correction that the system has run because in a. bestselling book you eat what you described

a success was essentially you know five big cities essentially getting it all while everybody here else was. laughed on the sidelines isn't that a natural progression from. very scant system to something more balanced so i really think we're going through the greatest economic transformation of human history for all of human history before us we got our our productivity and our economic growth from physical labor and raw materials now the mind is become the means of production any kind of economic transformation like this but especially discipline concentrates talent and ideas and knowledge in a very small handful of places so really the challenge ahead of us is how do we make everyone have a meaningful life and meaningful opportunity that's really the question there's no way we can go counter to this trend all we can do is is make sure that the disconnected places have more opportunity and are more connected to the fast growing places really that's the challenge of our time it's hard to stew can't say

how is this really a challenge because if you look at beer world value service especially in the developed countries you can see that one more people value a balance between work and family the ability to make money and to be creative but also to live your life to raise your children and song and support them i would suppose that this kind of life would be believed not only in big cities but it pretty much believed anywhere and doesn't that give your so i want a whole book on this called who's your city that's it pay attention to do is realize what you want to take location seriously you spend a lot of time picking an education and career you spend a lot of time picking a bait and dating and to do the same thing with location unfortunately the most ambitious people tend to be moving to the superstar cities that's still occurring but yes there are lots of fantastic places you can live and spend a lot less on housing and have a lot more work life balance than running the urban rat race and you need to make that choice depending on your family certainly i think it's the most with in my

book i say it's the single most important decision you can make from a concert and make it wisely about present when they have to live if there is going . great pleasure talking to you thank you very much for your time and i encourage our viewers to keep this conversation going in our social media pages and called this year again same place same time here in the wilds of march. some people come on now to.

use indigenous people as you know we that the baby in. the trees. must sleep and say that's the only thing behind but the kids. out of a sudden a man just. told me there was a time. i said i will enter it in the if they will not allow and. if they will shoot week. i'll come on million million indeed i'm not i'm not young you may be been taught to be chubby to don't want to go and you're not man you've got i think i mean you don't look good i'm a mean look on me i just.

you know world of big part of the lot and conspiracy it's time to wake up to dig deeper to get the stories that mainstream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door on the shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the troops the time is now watching closely watching the hawks. still do. look a still it's a city it. must. i know that. you. could. do it

a little bit he was. the single and given that it's really not true. at all for school it's only about the looking around a lot and the going to come in full to one of the ninety mile columns on the wall she will. cut. you loose i. eat the. the believe you believe the league will slow the end of yugoslavia. oh oh.

oh. in the stores it shake the way care not a donald trump who tried to be peyton seek to strike in u.s. russia relations is the american president says he's open to the offer of coming to moscow meanwhile donald trump claims that russia would interfere in the upcoming midterm elections to help his rivals and democrats question meddling remains a very divisive issue as we head later. it's meddling in the way that osama bin ladin meddled with the world trade center was. become a symbol of palestinian resistance to me is really. the .