that there has been some kind of progress now made so let's hope this. this will be a symbol this agreement today was a symbol of potential cooperation that could happen in the future. many thanks my guest is. middle east politics expert thank you. many thanks to all i always say it but it's always true appreciate you staying with us here with the international can take a break now but back at the top of the hour the latest news headlines. join me every thursday on the alex salmond show and i'll be speaking to us from the world of politics sport i'm showbusiness i'll see if.

it's. five hundred dollars. crazy. population doesn't have money and you. may. be. good for them. and good in the long run. here in kiev in recent days it might dawn independence square has turned into a full scale war zone. full clancy's in ukraine's capital kiev.

there is absolutely no. hard to tell what you are charged with. now on the brink of a civil war at least seventy dead so far and the death toll rising. to. a new. poll we saw here today was a revolution. and said to. have invested over five billion dollars to assist ukraine in knees and articles. nato has expanded into thirteen countries up to the borders of russia thirteen countries. focus has to be on not allowing buy into hot wall

between ukraine and russia. in the city would poke when the new buildings to be truthful. the the the low the to. elude . police are looking for. illegal

. ukraine. it's an ancient and proud land. with a rich history filled with much beauty heroism and sacrifice. ukraine is a border land. a place where east meets west. this is the flag of ukraine the blue represents the sky the gold its seemingly endless fields of wheat. ukraine is a prize many have sought. and much blood spilled in the quest to possess it.

ukraine has been the pathway for western powers as they attempted to conquer the east. in world war one. and world war two. and every time the ukrainian people ended up paying the highest price for these grand games of power. history doesn't repeat but it surely rhymes said mark twain. if one looks closely at the history of ukraine one will notice many rhymes. being surrounded by stronger powers ukraine has needed a lot of cunning to survive and the art they truly mastered with time is the art of changing sides. in the middle of the seventeenth century ukrainian leader

dunn who. broke a truce agreement made with poland siding more powerful russia. just over fifty years later as the russian swedish war was raging another ukrainian leader ivan mazeppa. the union with russia when he switched sides joining forces with the swedish invaders many times ukrainian history was written by third parties seeking to keep the gains of a revolution at any cost russia agreed to the humiliating conditions of the breast with treaty of one nine hundred eighteen which turned ukraine into a german protectorate another historical document that changed the fate of ukraine was the molotov ribbentrop pact of one thousand nine hundred thirty nine one of many such agreements being signed between european countries and rising germany. attempting to protect his nation from the approaching nazi threat. joseph stalin

negotiated a treaty of nonaggression with adolf hitler while promising each other piece of the soviet in german foreign ministers molotov and ribbentrop realigned the map of eastern europe splitting it into german and soviet spheres of influence. no sooner had the mala tav ribbentrop pact been signed then poland was split and in september of one nine hundred thirty nine eastern poland awoke to be western ukraine and a part of the family of soviet republics and the u.s.s.r. . but even this bold dividing of lands and nations only delayed the inevitable germany broke its promise to the u.s.s.r. . on june twenty second one thousand nine hundred forty one germany invaded the u.s.s.r. launching barbara rossa the largest military operation in world history.

barbara was aiming for st petersburg moscow and kiev ukraine three destinations of major significance. ukraine with its rich lands in resources was an important industrial and economic source for the u.s.s.r. to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of the land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the recently forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated

with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. c. and not to go and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galad seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists b o un founded in one nine hundred twenty nine this organization had an ultimate goal of creating an ethnically pure independent ukraine and considered terror an acceptable tool for achieving their ends their official flag was black and red bland and blood it will remain in

ukraine's history long after the zero un will cease to exist in early one nine hundred forty the most radical nationalistic part of the organization of ukrainian nationalists got its own leader step on bond era severely anti semitic an anti com . he proclaimed an independent ukraine in one thousand nine hundred one. his german allies frowned upon such an act of self will and it landed him in prison for nearly all the second world war not participating in the events physically. still managed to successfully spread his ideology. many independent historians estimate that the . exterminated from one hundred fifty to two hundred thousand jews on ukrainian territory occupied by the germans by the end of one nine hundred forty one. the most notorious and outrageous massacre took place september twenty ninth and

thirtieth nineteen forty one. of the city of kiev and its vicinity must appear on monday september twenty ninth by eight o'clock in the morning. bring documents money and valuables and also warm clothing linen cetera. not follow this order found elsewhere will be shot. thirty three thousand seven hundred seventy one jews were killed in this two day operation of the nazis and ukrainian militia. another outrageous massacre was carried out by the ukrainian army and the faction of the organization of ukrainian nationalists in german occupied polish. between one nine hundred forty three and one nine hundred forty four this genocide of poles was . thirty five thousand to sixty thousand people. and twenty five

to forty thousand eastern. fell victim to this massive ethnic cleansing operation. sensing the inevitable loss of the german troops the organization of ukrainian nationalists. gave up on their former ally and began fighting equally against the germans and the soviet forces. in january nine hundred forty three u.s.s.r. troops started pushing the nazis back liberating one part of ukraine after another . western ukraine was the last ukrainian region held by the germans finally being liberated in october of one thousand nine hundred forty four. banderas bands continue to wage their guerrilla war against the soviet regime carrying out bloody raids on ukrainian villages and towns and leaving behind chaos and casualties. this war went on until the middle of the one nine hundred fifty s.

when the last collaborators were either detained or fled the country. on may seventh one thousand nine hundred forty five germany unconditionally surrendered to the allies ukraine remained a part of the soviet union. its. the peace after the second world war was short lived. the united states and the soviet union nations who allied together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. ministries police forces in the city administrations of many countries depend on

one corporation that doesn't like will still be on the board just one from one president. this is not the guns. on into this it's a. proprietary software you don't know this whole isn't that a such. the security risk when you have a black box operating good public good to microsoft dependency puts governments on to cyber threat and not only that i think office can put us in mall that storm will close all facilities listen to music selling this is also going to be one local open to moving to more openness to wardens all of those with small moves and all this in the arsenals of the host i'm done with the old vision stopping there was a sting of phone calls a fund is up and his cards on the fine. i've

been saying the numbers mean something they matter the u.s. has over one trillion dollars in debt more than ten white collar crimes happen each day. eighty five percent of global wealth you longs to be ultra rich eight point six percent market saw thirty percent from august last year some with four hundred to five hundred treat her strike a first strike and bitcoin rose to twenty thousand dollars. china is building a two point one billion dollar a i industrial park but don't let the numbers overwhelm. the only numbers you need to remember is one one just to show you can't afford to miss the one and only boombox. the era of political and military tensions between the u.s. and the u.s.s.r. lasted for nearly forty five years keeping humanity under the constant threat of

nuclear war. in this battle the united states never lost sight of ukraine's importance. u.s. intelligence kept a close eye on ukrainian nationalist organizations as a possible source of counter intelligence against the soviet union. cia documents that just recently have been declassified shows strong ties between u.s. intelligence and ukrainian nationalists since one thousand nine hundred forty six from the cia agency report it is clear that they were not mistaken about the nature of ukrainian nationalists organizations or their leader step on bond dare i himself according to an o.s.'s report of september one thousand nine hundred forty five bundy era had earned a fierce reputation for conducting a reign of terror during world war two after the second world war under another

ukrainian nazi leaders fled to europe where the cia helped them hide. the cia later inform the immigration and naturalization service that it had concealed steffen bandera and other ukrainians from the soviets the operations involving ukrainians continued for many years the nuremberg trials of one thousand nine hundred forty five in one nine hundred forty six brought the political economic and military leaders of fascist germany to justice and revealed to the world the monstrous face of naziism and the crimes they committed but the ukrainian nazis were spared the same fate and some were even granted indulgences by the cia by nine hundred fifty four the agency excused the illegal activities of the o. un security branch. in the name of cold war necessity in one nine hundred forty nine nicola levitt the man responsible for the massacres in the lena was moved to the united states where he died in one thousand nine hundred eighty nine without

ever being investigated or pursued as a war criminal the cia moved to protect ukrainian nationalist leader nicola legged from criminal investigation by the immigration and naturalization service in one nine hundred fifty two perhaps pantera lost his use to the us or maybe k.g.b. agents outsmarted the cia but in one nine hundred fifty nine step on bond the leader of the ukrainian nationalists was killed in munich where he was hiding under the name of stefan pople it would be fair to say that bond became a major symbol of ukrainian nationalism by sheer chance for he was neither its only leader nor its most powerful one dimitrov don't solve was the father of the far right to tell a tarion doctrine in ukraine andriy melnyk was the leader of another faction of the un romance you have it was a general of the ukrainian insurgent army and others contributed greatly to the movement dangerous ideology suppressed by the communist authorities but supported

by external forces never really died the seeds of ukrainian nationalism or passed from generation to generation unfortunately it was just a matter of time before they would once again blossom. in one nine hundred fifty four ukraine's territory was expanded even more when nikita khrushchev the leader of the u.s.s.r. and ukrainian himself generously gave the crimean region to ukraine. historians would argue about the legitimacy of this transfer for many years to come and sixty years after khrushchev's gift dramatic new events would take place in crimea was of the world are on ukraine as a crisis in crimea continues dozens of heavily armed men seize government buildings in crimea should you crazy. just shrug it shell business say ok crimea is lost and the old arguments would heat up once again. the cold war

would heat up and cool down by turns while both rivals were obsessive leave building up military capacity the turning point took place when the new era perestroika came to the u.s.s.r. with its new leader mikhail gorbachev in the middle of the one nine hundred eighty s. . perestroika meant restructuring towards liberalisation and democratisation it certainly had a positive impact on the international situation astonishing news from east germany by the east german authorities have said that in essence of the berlin wall doesn't mean anything anymore. but inside the u.s.s.r. the weakening of kremlin control had different consequences. in ukraine a nationalistic political organization. or people's movement emerged in one thousand nine hundred nine due to this. they advocated for

independence of ukraine from the u.s.s.r. and became an incubator for leaders of ukraine. in one thousand nine hundred one one of them new book founded svoboda an openly radical nationalist party preaching the good old principles of bondage era. just to. please. her jew crane from the jews in russia ukraine for ukrainians and so on his statements got him fifth place in the simon visa center top ten anti semitic world leader rankings of two thousand and twelve. it also sadly attracted numerous follow ups. dimitry are founded another extreme right organization treason or trident in one thousand nine hundred

four. in april two thousand and thirteen became an assistant to a member of parliament from the opposition party who died. later that same year he would become the leader of the most radical ukrainian nazi group the right sector. laundry paro be would soon appear leading a whole army of ultra nationalist warriors. and the torch marches would once again light up the streets of ukrainian cities. the world drastically changed in august one thousand nine hundred one when the u.s.s.r. de facto ceased to exist and the global political map welcomed many newcomers

ukraine one of them in modern history it was the first time ukraine was truly independent and all on its own. the red flag came down over the kremlin tonight as president gorbachev resigned and or to an end seven decades of communist rule in the soviet union. the years after the disintegration of the u.s.s.r. became known as the crazy ninety's in all the post soviet territories. he's leaving behind fifteen independent states which share only a disastrous economy and an uncertain future after having been under a government controlled economy the free market dramatically changed the rules of the game new business has emerged instantly in the fur. most all the guards were born overnight. the former country with no class division suddenly became stratified the chosen few became rich while the rest had to fight to survive.

the same as it was the pollution is a sickness to herschel as. they what does that say. though of the slopes of the city when using your trees in the wood when you sell as it was it was when you say. a less than human you didn't do a good reason you know it in their will to stay in the new doesn't mean you know dumbass they will. post the system might be good bush misses it and i didn't president bush will things when that will eventually you will still at the appraisal of a social in the slush a chicago the people's growing discontent made ukraine more vulnerable to outside forces and a new kind of warfare was launched one not known before the color revolutions. illustrators clashed with police hundreds of thousands protesting the results of

the election and calling for a new vote. ukraine has had to color revolutions and it's twenty four years of independence in two thousand and four crowds of people descended upon kiev marking the start of the orange revolution. at that time ukraine became once again a battlefield of two forces the russian and western governments the culmination of this conflict took place during the presidential elections in november of two thousand and four. the two major candidates western backed victoria yuschenko and russian leaning victoriano cove each almost equally shared the votes of ukrainians by the way calling viktor yuschenko western backed is not an exaggeration. his wife . katherina yuschenko is a former u.s. state department official and worked in the white house during the reagan administration the division was along geographic lines traditionally russian

eastern ukraine voted for young age while western ukraine chose yuschenko by the announced result viktor yuschenko lost to victory on a covert each but thousands of people didn't agree with it and they came to the central square of kiev on the twenty second of november. the situation received wide news coverage the country's election commission ignored reports of fraud declaring kremlin backed victory the winner international politicians such as former general secretary of nato. became frequent guests in kiev initiating negotiations between parties in a faltering will only be able to get. the results of the negotiations however were often reached only on paper the us go never told the supporters to stop blocking government buildings in central kiev. and therefore these nonviolent and very orange protests lasted for

a month during which time the previous election results were no marred by massive corruption and new elections were announced an important nuance just three months before viktor yuschenko became a victim to a mysterious and still unsolved poisoning but it didn't prevent him from winning in the new election. though as we shall soon see there was much more than just the people's will that led to this victory this peaceful revolution and its leader a world warmly welcomed by the international community but the euphoria didn't last long. government completely failed with reforms and lost its chance to establish democracy instead descending into infighting viktor yuschenko was not reelected for a second term but at. the end of his presidency he had the time to make one last gift to his supporters from western ukraine.

seemed wrong. we're all just all. get to shape out of this day. and engagement because of the trail. when so many find themselves worlds apart. just to look for common ground in the. if there were just on. my side as it is it is going.

to look so there was a building. i mean into him about mission was but then i. looked . it up you guys. don't want the modern i don't want to worry about. something. or mr need just. a phone call on the. art of a shuffle stem and we have been down. in the world there and you'll get a little warmth and you know what. i'm going to set up that i had a. shot at i.d.f. so i thought of this i told the. politicians do you something to. put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president or injury. or somehow want to be honest

. it's going to be prose that's what before three in the morning can't be good that i'm interested always in the waters of our. first city. russia and turkey agreed to form a demilitarized zone between syrian government forces and militants. saying syria's operation against terrorists will be on. the russian defense ministry tracks the serial number of the missing link by the official investigation for the downing of the mh seventeen boeing these top secret documents unclassified of course for the sake of the probe the rocket to ukraine's forces. public frustration and.