loom when it comes to it. to people an astrophysicist and the director of the united nations office of outer space affairs. with the rapid pace of progress eclipsing everything we have a possible take no logy is enabling us to dream about today and not tomorrow bringing al to space exploration much closer than the distant future as humanity stands on the verge of a new space era money. boom with outer space become a hotbed of rivalry mirroring squabbles on the whole could have become an environment for peaceful and prosperous cooperation. someone that the astrophysicist director of the united nations office for outer space affairs welcome to the show great to have you with us today so there's a paper thank you my pleasure they took knowledge is advancing so fast these days groundbreaking change is no longer a generation away we see it happen before our eyes in every field however we

haven't come back to the moon we haven't gone to mars we'll keep inventing cool smartphones and virtual reality glasses and stuff but it seems like space is being neglected is this the calm before a big storm some kind of a huge breakthrough what could that be. i will say that space is really in a very interesting phase right now what we see is there. a least in the in few countries the flourishing of the private sector so commercial activists in the in space this is because. certain number of technologists become mature. you see for example in the history of space first telecommunication matter logical saw the lights and now at the sort of asian they're becoming more and more. developed towards applications and services for the benefit

of humankind on earth and so we you see a lot of companies really created every day to work on the downstream as we say so on the on up occasion and services how to really can space benefit sustainable development on earth for sure if we look at the inspiration of the moon mars and beyond this is something that governments have to take over and for sure this time is to be done on a global level it must be it competitive and cooperation effort and we have the u.n. together with our member states are working on this baseline trying very early to concede those spaces peroration as the new frontier but you're saying we're seeing our private initiative coming into this space going dominating for so long by governments it will musk is shooting tesla's into space for instance is that that

private industry has capital it is that only governments had just ten years ago who will private space exploration eventually take the lead over the government initiatives or to do not scale things you still need to have a nasa scale budget. the point is that when you have a challenging objective. you need to develop new technologies sometimes this raft of sometimes it can ologist dad to where not even for a scene at the beginning because you have to fulfill the objective lens on a on another object to another space object. in the in in the solar system in our solar system or you have to send astronauts back and forth. to the international space station and in the near future beyond or if you have to develop an outpost for example on the moon where a group of individuals can work and leave and eventually come back on earth

well in enduring old never come back on earth well in in doing all these you need as i said technologists while in order to really develop better certain fields we can easily see the certain technologies for example to go to the lower target them in around four hundred kilometers above our heads and combat yes that is the knowledge available because this the knowledge has been developed thanks to the let's say funds. bought put forward by by governments all over the world so there are areas that now. key and their printers . can use in they can leverage own in order to develop their own ideas their own projects to go to a lower target and beyond going beyond is not the car logical easy so we will

really as a space community we have to work together as i said to bring humanity beyond the limits so what about private space tourism how long before a tour of our orbit becomes a thing not just for billionaires. well this is like every other technology at the beginning it costs a lot of money because you needs really to develop a lot and this is true in space but this draw in a lot of other fields so for sure i cannot tell you if it is in five ten fifteen years but for sure i see that it's going to space not only for tourism but also for. a man performing scientific research. and really developing and progressing the human species is for sure we will have more and more people going to space but what is important in my opinion right now today or to get

better we have to better communicate the importance of space not only. because it's silly inspirational only because this is bringing in the new. the new generations looking at stem education and therefore space is really the inspiration field they should work in but the reality of the fact that space can benefit our day by day life and all of us should be really engaged in understanding for example how many subtle lies we use each of us every day to do what we normally do. and so it's also our burden or our task our duty whether the space community and for sure the u.n. the united nations office without the space if he has to communicate our import and he is in particular for developing and emerging countries the useful space they buy they symon hocking told us that the earth will fail us that we better think about

getting off this rock and going to mars and it'll musk space x. taken the advice actually very seriously and planning it is there a rational component to this idea do we really need to go in colonize mars and can we really do that. you know colonizing mance really. go in there and or keep buying something i will prefer to say that the human space is must become into prana terry which means that we are living in the solar system and for sure we should expand on other for this of the solar system i see this as a way of bringing in and developing more technologists new technologies so that we can even. say increase in improve the quality of life on earth so i don't a suspect even if we have

a lot of issues i don't expect that we need to say move or from from the earth to another planet this is one of the reasons that the elon musk is is putting forward and it's a question of discussion as usual which is the building of of you know the scientific progress there's always been the beauty of the say and if they progress of the bathing and discussing different ideas for sure i believe they're going to them own have a settlement or an outpost on the moon and then going to mars and beyond is something that we should do because this is the way which we can develop technologies which have a lot of advantages on earth just one example if we have to support a crew going to mars or a trail which is a group of individuals or normal people living on mars they have for example to cultivate plants they have to sustain themselves in terms of food but developing

technologies for that for this reason can have a lot of influence and they kill a lot of advantages on precise agriculture or smart agriculture on on earth so you see mediately the link between what we do in space or. so in internal of planning for human exploration of the solar system and what we can get in terms of advantages for our own sustainable development on earth so more than ten years ago china and russia have drafted a treaty that six prevention of arms race in space why hasn't the treaty been adopted until today. in there this is true all even if this is not something that we deal with at the office without this base affairs this is more geneva business in the office for this armament affairs. what i can tell you from our standpoint is there what we are trying to do also in cooperation with the

office for design moment affairs is still work on what we call the transparency and confidence building measures in outer space at the if it is so how we can help member states in becoming more transparent and so in this way building let's say the trust that is absolutely needed in the field and in this respect i would like to mention it tool that we have since since long based on this so-called registration convention this is a registered on the objects launched into outer space which means that all member states in the bay on the basis of this registration convention notify us every time they launch an object in space and so if you go on our website you can find the four portfolio so the four least of all the objects launched into outer space since

the beginning of the space era i believe this is quite an important tool is the only thirty base tool that the sixty's think in terms of transparency and confidence building and i believe that this is really the right way of doing it so being transparent and promoting international cooperation is the. anyway so months before use of august space all right we're going to take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to simone as i do people ask if this is director of the united nations office for outer space affairs discussing the challenges of space science is facing today stay with us.

what holds a. meeting. he put themselves on a lot. to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president interim. or something i want to be rich. but you're going to be closely watching what before three of the more people. interested always in the waters and. there should. seem wrong why don't we all just don't all. get to shape out just being educated and gain from it because betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground.

when lawmakers manufacture consent instinctive public wealth. when the right wing clauses reject them so. when the financial merry go round lifts only the one percent. of the time doing the whole middle of the room signals. diluting ground running real news. oh. i've been saying the numbers mean something they matter the us is over twenty trillion dollars in debt more than ten white collar crime stamping each dish.

eighty five percent of global wealth you longs to be ultra rich eight point six percent market saw thirty percent minus last year some with four hundred to five hundred trade per second per second and bitcoin rose to twenty thousand dollars. china is building a two point one billion dollar a i industrial park but don't let the numbers overwhelm. the only number you need to remember is one one business shows you can't afford to miss the one and only. i. find this as. fact i think. for unions that once the south's. rational assaults.

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on the. ball must be. the way back with simone at that the people asked her physicist director of the united nations office for outer space affairs talking about the opportunity space science is offering to us today united states has this mystery russian china's draft as hollow hypocritical a ploy of two nations to gain military advantage what's behind washington's

mistrust what do you think i am i'm not commenting on national policy is an approach is what i can tell you is there for example the united states abandon the proposers. more than ten years ago. close to fifteen years ago although i didn't quite an important make of these i'm in another field but just to make an example. in any it's related to the interoperability of the g.n. s.s. system gen s.s. stands for global navigation so the lie systems currently in the world that we have four of them one is bay do from the chinese developed by the chinese one is from the russians blown us. the for the third one is galileo from the europeans and the fourth one is the g.p.s. from the united states so the idea is to have regular meetings under the umbrella

of the so-called i c g for which we the office without this base affairs serve as the executive secretary it so they the providers the four that i mentioned plus other coming to the table they regularly meet discuss and so in this way. the use of the genesis system all over the world by everyone in the world. is really becoming that a parable which means. that is the open transparency everyone is discussing about their own systems and this is done for the benefit of everyone everywhere i believe this is a very good role model for how we should do cooperation in space donald trump wants united states to be dominant in space and is even planning to create a space force to protect united states assets in space so is this a space marine talk real can that happen. as i said i'm not commenting on the

nation opposition's what i can tell you is that. in under the umbrella of the committee on the peaceful uses of our space we had several years of discussions under the working group. on the long term sustainability of other space that if it is where for sure the united states but also the other main countries have been actively participating and in june this year they approved a set of guidelines that they are already applying which means that clearly there ranging from. i'm in the different topics the long term sustainability but this is said under the umbrella of course in the un there really competitive in international cooperation is. really the best neil de grasse tyson reacting to this space for say idea has sat that asseveration has a right to protect its assets including assets in outer space do you agree with his

logic i mean we all use the ocean it's a common resource but then most countries have navies and were doing ok is this space kind of the same thing. as i said again i cannot comment. after the comment on national position but just the idea of you know dividing space what do you think of that how how if that should be done i mean this is this is not a man under discussion or under the umbrella of the un and and what i can tell you is that we always mention in any possible presentations situation meeting events etc that space is the big and see the as a global commons and we have to work together to preserve it for the future generations fighting a war in space or using space is not great but what if we need to place some kind of a giant came in to shoot down some kind of an asteroid had it straight into our planet

and sooner or later we might need that won't we. oh we're working a lot to with member states provide that protection and on perimeter of the fence these are two topics which are becoming more and more important in our portfolio and we have established two international working groups that we are serving one of them. in particular that is one is a sort of a network. which is there to prepare for him in how to communicate for example an asteroid is the is on the subject to really let's say the wrong to object to really towards the earth so how we have to communicate that and then that is also what we call sampai two which is a group of a space agencies which are discussing between them with the support of the office without the space affairs how to prepare for this even this possibility and which

kind of measures can be taken in order to deflect the asteroid what is currently the say top in the least is really how to find a way of deflecting the asteroid so not destroying the asteroid not doing anything like that because of can be very very the engineers but just what in the asteroid in a different trajectory so it's not any more dangerous for the earth that you called space the internet off tomorrow meaning that countries that don't have access to it will be left behind but space exploration is expensive and so if you are a country that has no money for it should someone else be floating the bills well the concept we have is that space exploration is really developed allowing a country participating to develop new technologies which can be very helpful then honor for them so for their own development and for sure in the merchant country on a developing country cannot participate you cannot have. in mission two to tour the

solar system alone what we can do however is to think in an open and inclusive way so that we develop all together in open architecture where we have the key elements that are needed and where everyone can participate the bending on their own for acquirements and their own financial means and also their own technical skills and in this way want we do we implement what we call the triangle out approach where through the un the un as the accumulation point toward the center of gravity if you want we can put together developed and developing countries and so in this way we create this triangular approach and we have been proving recently away in small projects that this is working quite well and i have to say that in professional unit space plus fifty one of the main of the magic priority on which member states worked hard is the so-called space exploration

innovation. demanded priority and on these we have the participation of a lot of emerging and developing countries. because they see the added value of participating in this frontier technology development for their own sustainable development on earth right now so i am quite confident that with this approach we can really be open and inclusive so not no one is left behind do you ever hopes that someday your agency will be leading humanity's outer space activities that it will be something like you know starfleet command from star trek for instance ira or are you only concerned about here and now well being an astrophysicist and. being you know in the space business since now more than three that cate's. this is a field where you cannot only think about tomorrow you have to think about tomorrow

and the day after tomorrow and always on the medium long term that's the way in which we think what i can tell you is that the u.n. and in particular the office without the space affairs but the in general the u.n. we are ria here the real. the service of member states we are here to serve the needs so member states and we are here also to offer the technical skills for them to take the best informed decision i believe that the office without the space affairs is really quite so sex will in this and isn't david and for sure the more countries we have on the table the committee on the peaceful uses of all the space the more we can see this approach becoming open and inclusive as i was mentioning before we have a lot to do we have a lot to communicate and and the more we do it the more we see the result of that so step by step by having let's see a along to our vision having

a lot of vision we have step by step going there thank you so much for this wonderful insight we're talking to someone and that the people astrophysicist director of the united nations office for outer space affairs discussing how we can make the best of the opportunities space is presenting to us that is it for this edition of sophie and co i will see you next time. join me every first week on the all excitement and i'll be speaking to us of the world of politics or business i'm show business i'll see you then.

i've been saying the numbers being something they matter to us is over one trillion dollars in. more than term color orange county. eighty five percent. global wealth you long for the ultra rich feet point six percent market saw thirty percent from august last year some with four hundred to five hundred trade per second per second and bitcoin rose to twenty thousand dollars. china is building a two point one billion dollar a i industrial park but don't let the numbers overwhelm. the only number you need to remember is one one business shows you can't afford to miss the one and only boom box.

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boys to go green street fanny's leave. a co money since it was almost no coal mines left. the job to grow all the coal was said that there was a lot of to see these people the survivors of a world disappearing before their eyes. i remember thinking when i was younger that if anything ever happened to the coal mines here that it would become a ghost town but i never thought in the million years i would see that and it's happened it's happened. at the next c.d.u. party convention to samba i will not run for the chair of the party this fourth time is the last one for me. the german chancellor announces she is.