issue the russian space agency was very quick to announce the loss of so use wrong and was due to you what they said a full t. context censored which reportedly got banned during the assembly the baikonur. cosmodrome did you find that explanation plausible or you know i i really don't know much about that particular issue but i do have confidence from all the years that nasa and working both with nasa and with our russian counterparts that they do the right thing and they work pretty well together our countries don't always agree on other things apparently and yet in one space program no detail gets back and during some way i mean it's not like you know they were cooking a big kitchen i mean i suppose that there should be so you might want to sever about it i mean i don't i don't i can't pass judgment of what went on there how they have that problem but i can say this that pretty confident totally confident in our leadership at nasa and i know that they work well with the russian leadership and i think they're not going to let

a crew go into space if they're still questions i'm confident that they know what they're doing and so you rock at these a very reliable base yeah transport and you know being many people in russia space and he's asked the police a little bit uneasy about the fact that. he's already planning to stand next crew into space in early december if i'm not mistaken to oneself to the accident. isn't that a little bit too fast it seems like it would be great but but again i think that we need to trust our experts and nasa is going to be american astronauts on the next one unless they're totally satisfied that it's safe for them to go. they're not going to go and it appears like they feel confident enough that they're going to be ok that the problem they had they understand what it is you know there's there's a difficulty with with not launching as well i mean if you want to be totally safe you. don't go anywhere and i don't think that's acceptable i think we need to

continue and the difficulty is having the crew up there in orbit that needs to be replaced yes but there's other things there's other measures a things they can do they can repeat they can bring their crew back and they can try to maintain the space station from a distance so it's not i don't think they're doing anything they don't they're not in a tremendous rush to do this. so i don't think there's this should not be anything pushing them more than to put them in an uncomfortable situation i don't i don't think that's the case i think they threw feel what they're able to launch. they didn't get that less corrupt there because they aborted the launch so they do want to get another another crew up there. but. being around nasa as much as i have and knowing how they work with their counterparts in russia i do not going to let anybody go anywhere if they're uncomfortable now you flew the space shuttle columbia last than a year before it disintegrated on

a rancher killing all seven crew members and causing more than a two year delay in the shuttle flights was that because technically it was much more difficult to establish the cost of actually been back down that perhaps because the americans were a little bit more recent oh i think it's i think it's i don't think we're necessarily more risk averse i think it just was you have to understand what the problem was and in this case apparently the russians were able to find identify the problem very quickly and say this is our problem we're going to fix it we're good. in the case of losing columbia we had we really didn't know what had happened and it was not clear in fact when the issue came up at first that it was debris coming off the tank but it was on the way up the bridge came up to take a structure where you put a hole in it we didn't know there was a hole in the wings so until you know we know that we knew the debris came up we don't know what caused the problem so the first thing is to find out what the problem is and once you identify the problem then you have to. so it doesn't happen

again and in that case with columbia we did redesign the tank we came up with ways to inspect and repair and do these other things we did go down to only two people in the space station was a russian and american we we were at that time normally three and we went down to a lower amount of because you can get as many we couldn't support the space station like we would want to normally we're able to so we went over the reduced size and crew while we were trying to fix the problem and we did launch the accident happened in. february of two thousand and three and we did have another launch a year and a half after more or less in the summer of two thousand and five and that and that launch we still had problems we thought everything was fixed but debris continue to come off the tank so it's not for another year although no the year in between the next one on the russian side the problem is also seem to be a kind of piling up because according to your us cost was the loss of the rocket was essentially due to human factor here but there was another incident and i'm

sure you know about it a whole mysterious hearing on the internet and us methinks that a leak and people speculate all along no they've been speculating at this point asserting at this point that it was actually drilled yeah in space but i've heard do you think that's still slope in this or is there other enough reason to suspect something more i think you know i don't i buy you i don't i think before you start accusing i think you need you need some proof or maliciousness i think it's what we're doing is pretty complicated and i think what what the russians have been able to accomplish throughout their program and the americans as well in the other countries that are participated but it's but as far as sending people to space is primarily been the u.s. and the russians and so on there's enough there's fission going on between the two sides i don't know between the austrians but i mean politically you know i don't know what the more you know it's a different interview you got to get someone else because the way we were with was far as i could ask about their cause. we cooperate and get along very well and the

scientists and engineers and instructors and the flight directors and everybody else we were all part of one team i think it shows a countries can get along with they have a common goal i think that's one of the benefits of space travel and the of the russians have already floated the possibility of sabotage including a member of a crew currently in orbit do you find that plausible and now a crew sabotage its own space ship you don't think that i mean it's a crew member why would you do i don't know if that makes sense of all i mean we i'm speculating here but i'm actually repeating one of the former russian cosmonaut who suggested that one possible reason would be i don't know psychological meltdown being homesick want to go back home i don't know i think that's i think a little farfetched don't think i don't think that's credible now i really don't know from your own. experience how well monitored this base station is i mean if that indeed happened what they'd be able to kind of go back and hold the details of

what happened have someone get some of their games are still their whole i mean but they are not excluding that you find a major difference i agree with them i think. i don't know i think that. to do to do something like that is a little farfetched and i would be shocked if i mean they still have to investigate only possible i guess this is the first i've heard of that but yeah i don't know if that's what they're suggesting about it that i haven't heard well i mean on the russian side they're saying that they specifically i think they retrieved one of the parts to see if there if there are any specks of alan minimum there and to see if indeed it was drilled in space by that and that's a possible version then all the searching about it they don't know. you don't think that psychological difficulties could be no not meant to that extreme no i think it's just as a credible that someone because i'm not a professional cosmonaut or astronaut. i would do anything like that

a your you know the risks of what you doing safety is foremost the if the condition of your friends on board a just to me that's i think that's that's. right i can imagine if he's if i understand correctly that capsule where the hole was drilled now remains the only escape vehicle for the crew that is now in orbit and from what i understand it was found to be operational they managed to seal the hole with sort of the why but is that enough to give you peace of mind about the safety of that crew well i think i think the soyuz i think the leak was in the orbital module which is not the descent module so they'll use that vehicle bill i think what they'll do is they'll leave leave with their vehicle that part of it and put in a second to be usually entry so in the part that they're in there's no weak when they return so i think that. as it pressurizes as they pick up the atmosphere i

think they'll be fine and then i think i think whatever the fix that they put on there he chose the ingenuity of the way they're able to come come around these problems and the guys that were up there i know one of them was one of my crew mates on my second flight to force it was the american commander at the time when they discovered that leak and he's very competent good with a good mechanically inclined person so i'm guessing he fixed if he was in the fix it or was part of his crew i'm sure they do as good jobs could be expected i know i'm not worried about him at all i think i think they understand what the problem is i think they have a pretty good fix in place and i think they're going to come home successfully it's been more than two months since that happened yet unlike with the failed rocket launch we haven't heard anything in the way of conclusion or what was at full there . either way it's going to be very embarrassing either for russia or perhaps even for russia and the united. it's because as you mentioned they're working together

they're putting their that their lives and their people at risk do you expect this incident to have implications beyond base for which one we're talking about the whole thing the whole you know the whole thing i mean the drilling of the whole drone the hole in a spaceship i think they're kind of similar because here you do have even if it's not the deliberate sabotage you know you blow up and there says to you what you want to talk over which one of you talked about both that's why no i don't i think that either one is you know these things happen you know people make mistakes and that's why it's a big team and has a lot of checks and and even so this this problem that happened it wasn't caught ahead of time which is surprising usually something that you would find on the ground and he did it there i don't think they found the right away in space either it took a while for it to show itself and then once they did they put their heads together and came up with a resolution so you know i don't think there's any embarrassment here i don't think people are trying to do things on on purpose to to make things go wrong i think

people are generally trying to do the best they can for the crew and for the countries involved and for the world of exploration is important to a lot of people particularly those working there and what i found with the workers that i've encountered whether they're from any of our countries and it's an international program we have the the modules of the space station were were built in italy by the european space agency in the linea the robot arm was built in canada the the japanese experiment module the sperma module was built in japan and we have the european space agency module the columbus module that of course all the segments that were built and in russia. and all the people there all those workers are trying to do their best and i'm sure norm feels worse than the person who was responsible for creating that hole and i'm sure they know about it well mike we have to take a very short break now but we will be back in just a few moments. join

me every thursday on the elec so i'm i'm sure i'll be speaking to get a little the politics school business i'm show business i'll see you then. max geysers financial survival guide liquid assets not those that you can convert using sas quite easily. to keep in mind though as a tremendous place of. record. which will notice if you should when you are not a government. you'll force is your voice belongs to you and yours are discussed in your choice people access to seems they wouldn't accept was a secure should we use it if this is

a difference between diplomacy and enjoy the show people see. welcome back to worlds apart mike massimino former u.s. astronaut and professor of mechanical engineering at columbia university michael you often talk about russia in the united states successfully called parading in space but the corporation may come to an end next year because the current contract between us and nasa is expiring and as of now there are no talks that have been announced that please to replace or to renew the contract how do you feel about it if it all and i hope i hope it doesn't i don't know the status of the contract on or i mean there was nasa for a few years i don't know what the start of my working on that. but i would i would

think that would be a pity because i think in space we've cooperated very well i think the international space station which was launched i was coming up on coming up on twenty years of the first film and launcher it was one thousand nine hundred eight and on that mission it was surrogate krikalev a russian was on board with with american astronauts and they launched the elements for a launch in russia first in the united states on the space shuttle always surrogate so that's pretty momentous the first elements launched into space and put together a russian piece and the united states piece and before that we were working on the shuttle mir program or an american nationals for visiting mir and we had cosmos flying on the space shuttle so this is going on for a long time it hasn't just been recently and when we had our own we had our accident and we had the shuttle accident we knew we were still going to be able to send astronauts to space because we had. the soyuz vehicle in our partnership with russia and now that. where we don't use the spatial any longer we've been

getting our astronauts the space the only way to get there has been with the with the russian soyuz so well i think it's been a very good relationship and i hope it continues and nasa is currently you're relying on a boeing in space x. to revive ability to fly to the station and both of them plotted to fly their test chris next year if those test a successful holiday thing it may take for those flights to become regular i hope is the hope is fairly quickly and we'll have to see how it goes i know they have to live up here why don't i don't know what they're they're i don't they're not going to rush things right as as you know you people if you if you if you delay things. people will tend to remember that less than they will if something goes drastically wrong you know if for example the the first element launches of the space station the word the late and some of the but over the years you tend to catch up in people

don't remember the delays as much but if you have an accident you're asking me about yes really about the cliff that's a different story people always remember that so you don't want that to happen so i think once those vehicles are ready i think they'll be relit ready for it really sort of the nasa has got crews picked out near in training and getting ready to go i would hope that those go well and they're able to routinely get people up there with the space x. and with the boeing vehicle and i would also like to see the soyuz remain as a option as well for for cosmonauts or whoever's flying on that vehicle to go up so i think it's always good to have more than one option. i think we've been fairly fortunate in the last couple years even though we haven't had to shut the shuttle stop we've had the soyuz so we've had a way to get there but i think we're in a better better position when you have two vehicles that you can that the countries can cooperate all use they and they can provide a safety option to yes right it's a good way to do it so you're down to one this is yours you know we were talking earlier if the soyuz has an issue in. you can't you don't you're really stuck because there's no other way to get there right now but hopefully these other

vehicles come along and give you no other option if there is test a successful do you thing and americans would be just as open to ferrying the the russians on to the station as the russians have been i think so say that i mean it's been i would i would imagine they would be you probably want to ask one of the one of the leaders there but we had russian cosmonauts flying the shuttle fairly regularly there was a time before the accident when we were exchanging crews with the shuttle as well as with the with the soyuz and many of the crews who would would fly the way there was however many three was always three it was a mix of russian american and also don't forget our international partners. shots from canada japan and from the countries of europe. would fly as well and they would fly up on the shuttle and come back and do the russian cosmonauts would would trade with us and houston and our crews would train with them over and russia so i don't see what i mean i don't know i am not sure what the policy makers are going

to do or how that's going to work but i would imagine it would be a nice option to be able to show spaceships again i heard you say that nasa these days cannot afford to do all the things that they used to do in the past for example pursue huge national goals like let's say a polar and in one thousand sixty's not as bad budget that was around for five billion dollars annually now it's around twenty billion overstimulation there's no in that equation but certain technologies also got my cheaper than they used to. i mean massive budget at this point of time is i think ten times higher than the russian space budget or why is it still not enough for nasa to do i think i think nasa has been i think they're pursuing both things i think that. i think ness is i think nasa has been supported fairly well with their with their budget i don't you know it's just like any. else i think any other country i'm not. familiar i'm

not really familiar with our countries but i am somewhat familiar with our country's budget and that's really all the parts of the world but in general you're always concerned about how much money you have to spend on things and just like how to hold your home right what you going to spend your money on and that's the decisions our country has to make that our leaders of our country in the people as well so having said that i think that the space program has been given a certain piece of that of that budget that has been fairly healthy over the years just as we've been able to build the space station we've been able to send probes to mars and beyond the solar system and done this great great research of the different facilities and cooperate with these other countries are we including russia so i think it's been a very successful program funded funded at a fairly healthy level to keep it going now is it because you always want more money yes absolutely we always we always want more so that's what everybody would say you could always use a little bit more but i think for what they've had for the budget i think they've

done fairly well and i think the exciting thing that we have happening now throughout the world is that we have some of the private companies starting to play a bigger role and that's why i think something to look forward to to supplement what nasa is doing i heard you say in one of the interviews that the current moment reminds the you all via a hundred here is ago while the military and state paved the way to mathematica bit for that to happen i assume the cost of flying into space would have to come down create a demand obvious i mean it's very expensive right now but the price of things has dropped dramatically already the access let's say is dropped for example so my students at columbia proposing to fly things on whether they have opportunities to fly things to the space station on the american vehicle but also there there's up a series of fly things in space blue arjan is one of the companies in america the. it is offering these services and they're affordable even for student groups who

still need some money but it's not the tremendous cost of flying experiments back you know when i was a student twenty thirty years ago it was crazy you're it was so expensive that to fly a flight experiment was nearly impossible now there's there's access so it's still expensive to get to space but now because of all the countries participating and with this privatization i think the access to space has improved but it's still within the range of sixty eighty million dollars proceed on a space ship do you just send a person yes absolutely do you think you will actually that for the lives prices but. rather yes i don't know but but that's that's a different i don't know what the private companies are going to be charging i don't think it's going to be that high and even if it's a fraction of that it's still high so it's not going to be for everyone to be able to afford it but i think it's going to open at first it's going to open up opportunities for other governments other countries that have not had a person in space they don't have to build all the infrastructure they can find a way to send one of their people on one of the private vehicles and for companies

as well that want to send one of their employees to do research or for research or who was funded to do that it is still going to require a lot of money but i think what that will do is start to build up more and more experiences in just like you know other things as you mentioned other things that were considered to be luxury items let's say and in lot of cases. over time the only way we're going to be successful is more people can afford them so i think the price will be it will come down where will it has to roll so it's it's not going to be viable you often cite apollo eleven as an inspiration for your own career you write a lot about it in your book. we have seen both russia and the united states and now with plans to go to the moon only to abandon them later on why do you think it's proving so difficult for either of these countries to repeat that yeah it's not so hard it's hard to get to these places i think the difference now is that when we went back in in one thousand nine hundred sixty nine in the early one nine hundred seventy s. it was. only to go there take some samples and come back we weren't staying there

and that's a depth that's a big difference if you look at exploration. and say a little over a hundred years ago explorers were exploring the poles the north koreans of the north pole getting to the south pole and when they got to the antartica to the continent they're ok let's go home anybody really didn't set anything up for another fifty years so i think usually with exploration it seems that the first part of years ago the first explorers go check it out show that it's possible when they come home because you're not really ready to set up any infrastructure and stay so i think the difference now when we go to the moon i do think we'll be heading back to the moon whatever that model is whether it's jointly with whatever countries or companies or wherever is going to go i think it's going to be a different situation and it's there that requires a little more thought a little more resources and have a plan to actually go there and stay for a while and i think that's what will happen next let me ask you one more question about your book because you talk a lot there about pursuing

a dream and never giving up. i think your life in korea are a good example of that but many people these get tired of bad dreams i wonder if you were it felt exhausted by the feel that you have chosen all the time. you know what i don't know why. i think it's important to do something that you're passionate about and. even you know you may not think you can do that and i didn't think there was any chance of me becoming an astronaut but i really that's what i was passionate about and i wanted to at least try to sort of least if you're trying i think that's ok doesn't always work out but i think the thing you can't control is your is your effort and you can control what you're trying to do and it may not work out but it might and the but i think important to try to control what you do so i think it is important to whatever it is you're interested in it and general for people if you if you have that passion if you have something you think is really interesting but you think it might not be possible that doesn't matter just

just give it a try and you never know where you might end up you are fifty six year old years old right now do you still dream about things you want to pursue yeah have a few more years left i think so i'd like to do you know i mean i know you mention the book i were in the process of writing a younger version of that for younger readers and hopefully there's another book and employers well i really enjoy my teaching at columbia i've been doing that for a few years now but i think i'm just starting to get used to it and there's always something you would that you want to really like to do more in television i've done a little bit but i think i would like to be more involved with a television program about science and engineering i've done some of those i've done some hosting i've done some guest spots but it's all on mother earth nothing up there oh i would like to go back as a tourist yes i want to go back because if you have enough money for that no i want to go back as a tourist friend if i you said a dream now it doesn't matter i don't have the money no i don't need to come back.

but i want to go i want to go as a tourist i can complain about the service i want to go like i'm on an airline and i want to complain because when you're in space you're always working so i want to go up there relax and complain i would love to fly in space again and hopefully the price will come down where it's affordable and anybody who wants to go can i don't know if that will happen in my lifetime but i would love to go back well i wish you best of luck in bad parenting areas and thank you very much for sharing some up here and had it at you bet my pleasure. here's to keep this conversation going in our social media pages and i hope to see you again same place same time here while the party.

please. just. blew. a. few i've been saying the numbers mean something they matter the u.s. has over one trillion dollars in debt more than ten white collar crime families each did. eighty five percent of global wealth you long for the old for rich the point six percent market saw thirty percent rise last year some with four hundred

to five hundred three per circuit first second and fifth when rose to twenty thousand dollars. china's building two point one billion dollars a i industrial park but don't let the numbers overwhelm. the only number you need to remember is one one business show you can't afford to miss the one and only. welcome to max geysers financial survival guide. looking forward to your earth better without. the yanks this is what happens to pensions in britain delegates. watch kaiser report. ministries police forces and city administrations of many countries depend on one corporation that does what mike was hoping the board doesn't run from the eyes of god i'm stunned this is not the guns through the. woods as the fee that you got on

into the city at the cost of proprietary software you don't know the source code isn't that such a security risk when you have a black box operating in the public eye to microsoft's dependency puts governments under a cyber threat and not only that he thinks office can put in more. softness of the. selling the souls of the world won't do more for the it will be almost like the world in this world with all of this with all your things and all this is the. one who started on with the old vision stop when there was a sting of all the fun is up in these cards on the fly and.

the roof. subscribe to well people also get all roughly cultured for just twelve euros fifty per month. see protests. after president. general jeff sessions who initially rallied against his nomination stunned and his removal a recent thing i like about most of the people that trump appointed are you protesting now. because.