how can the terrorism threat be contained here in europe well as taobao suppressed and the former head of the french internal security or a. dangerous extremism is on the rise in france a country targeted by islamists both at home and abroad and is only just coming to terms with the new reality of three string of the riff attacks in recent years. one is the french know how containing terra compare is dealing with the danger alone. when it came to each european allies to come together in the face of radical extremism. thank you very much for being with us today hello so france's bill it takes and border controls with its neighboring countries for another six months to a persistent terrorist threat if this measure is so effective in combating terrorism maybe the border controls to return of the borders should be permanent.

distance with this question brings forward two problems first we are in the schengen european zone where there is freedom of movement so when isis was around there was a very strong terrorist threats against europe and notably our country in particular was bloodied by terrorist attacks isis planned to infiltrate by the musts of columbus' time immigration networks which destabilized the functioning of europe dormant networks to attack the states that were sending armed forces to fight in syria today massive illegal immigration has created a political problem for europe germany is directly affected didn't stance of i'm glimmer go italy as well but surprisingly their new minister of the interior has decided to slam their borders shut it is true that we could occasionally close the borders for example for a weekend during those big international protests at the bigger national summits but right now there is insecurity linked to illegal immigration in the public opinion even if it's not justified there's also the terrorism risk of course but

there is above all a populist reflex that we can observe in hungary and italy among other countries. and it's been a year since france lifted a state of emergency imposed after they plan attacks but as your interior minister says everything is fine to believe that everything's ok now. do france's ferry march threatened like never before actually we participate in the syrian coalition but we also have a vast operation for establishing security in africa so we have a menace which comes from outside that's one threat some massive number of french citizens are in syria about two thousand with their families they are now in hiding because they know that we are waiting to prosecute them in france with some have been locked away in prison in syria during the military campaign against isis. yes

but isis is not defeated yet politically or socially it is maybe close to being defeated militarily but they still keep their tools and services they still have followers of these and so we don't know. why their propaganda on the internet why do you think that now that i says is almost defeat ate their internet propaganda is still as dangerous as before. yes yes of course because when you do something you have to have people know what you did. on the second thread i want to talk about that exists in france is a thread from the inside to flip it exists in our territory there are people who use this kind of internet communication that we're talking about to fulfill their need for respect for being useful we also have cases unfortunately linked with mental illness troubles and all that kind of stuff which leaves us with lower cost terrorism the potential for action it anytime so we should not bring our guard down

. but to go back to the question to you saying that french surveillance services are doing fine without the state of emergency. yes in the sense that we also have a piano player and side service legislation since. we have new paths of action open for intelligence we have the possibility to act now on the administrates of a level like this for instance arrests which are under legislative control of course are decided by the i mean a straight of authority now we can search we can call outs we can expel we can put under house arrest i mean there are lots of tools for the prevention of radicalization we'll talk about this and more detail but i want to ask for the people because you said that the terrorist threat was still high in france should people just get used to live like this always watching not living in the state of.

readiness because this was never a problem friends before. those oh never i mean we live in a country of freedom and this is why in the past the terrorists from the extreme left came to meet secretly in france france is a country of freedoms and this is due to its history we are a democratic country so today yes but given the way in which the last terrorist attacks were programmed structured using european logistics we can see that there is a certain desire to change the way of life to change the society in france as an answer to that sara threat and this is the risk of the stability. on one hand by the terrorist attacks themselves but also by the rise of rampant salafi is an every day life the issue of wearing head scarves in society in swimming pools join sports etc so today there is a reflection that has to be made regarding the organisation of islam in france

which is not in self a problem the minister of the in syria is responsible for the questions of religious practices on national territory so this goes from the training of moms to talking about the muslim world to the concept of preaching. but the muslim world in itself is not a problem there is a minority that is problematic. now and i want to talk to you about different types of terrorism because you will see more and more the terror acts in the europe are increasingly committed by a lone wolf. he. exists of course terror hurts are efficient against bigger guns ations but how do we deal with someone who is not attracted to a bigger organization. right in the so today it is necessary to make the distinction between and i said that at the mohammad merah trial that when the methods are. right so before people would go to afghanistan they would stay there

for a couple of years for theory and practical exercises and then come back to commit terror attacks in france point now for the first time we have a type of terrorist on our hands someone who for example in fifteen days after having been radicalized within a family a neighborhood and environments prison a community who was training only thirteen days and we know the person who was giving the classes he was killed in a drone strike by americans much later he thought only operational commanders who went back to europe so fifteen days was something we had never seen before. and today the questions of the interior intelligence is posed like this which person out of one hundred people is capable of taking a terrorist action without having executed the i thought which is obviously

a punishable offense without having done any preparations for instance buying nitrogen songs and fertilizer which can be used in preparing explosives which can take off our attention the task is now. to probe the consciousness to find out who has an intention to commit a terrorist act in their head. and this is where we asked after the affair to legalize special operations which are particularly useful in the domain of counter-espionage like the internet surveillance email surveillance everything with regards to social networks and all that kind of stuff the problem is no longer only that of the police threat analysis must be much more refined and must bring together sociologists academics people from surveillance lawyers psychologists i don't priests how can we prevent extreme radicalization working as

a group we should france be operating some kind of advanced warning intelligence network outside the country that enables it to stay had of terror plans i saw actually israeli counterterrorist specialists and they all told me that having a good intelligence network in baghdad among the terrorists abroad is what saves most lives at the end of the day. you know we. both internal and external intelligence services benefits from a multilateral exchange base between the european intel bureaus we have national experts you do the see send the scent on the situation. which permits us to make comment analysis using the practical experiences of each country. then we have the bilateral exchange from service to service by country and finally we

have a friendly club of directors of the services where we discuss freely what should be done and what will happen use of all today. is are we able to spot etc just on a european level really the answer is not yet it's going to see what i mean the americans were not able to do that either so today this and disobey ssion because you need to anticipate thread into submission exists thanks to sharing and exchange of trust between people who are competent and professional who respect each other and who above all protect their human sources because in the intelligence services the key is human sources and operational intelligence as well like surveillance and it can all come up with a solution to a problem if you're human sources are compromised and this is the difficulty and the reason why exchanging information is so important. for all of the education

a break right now when we have apple continued talking till now that this question in a former head of the french internal security bill. seemed wrong but old old just told. me the old to get to shape out just to come out again and again it was betrayal.

when so many find themselves worlds apart. just to look for common ground. sgt. u.s. veterans who come back from war often tell the same stories. were going out for the people who were killing civilians they were not interested in the wellbeing of their own soldiers either they're already several generations of them so i just got this memo from a certain branches officer says we're going to attack and destroy the government and seven countries in five years americans pay for the wars with them money on those with lives if we were willing to go into harm's way and willing to risk

being killed for a war then surely we can risk some discomfort for uneasiness for. you know like the e.k.g. for countries is their ten year bond rate you look at that you say oh that country southie the country is not healthy well looks like big health of the chinese economy based on that their interest rates are better than america. what politicians do. you put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president. or somehow want to. have to go right to be cross with a white woman for three of them or can't be good. i'm interested in the waters in the hollow. question.

and we're back the last class in a former head of the french internal security bureau. he said that we have yet to establish a profile of a terrorists and this is why americans and everyone who is facing this terrorist problem is trying different techniques and how to fight against terrorism for instance for americans it's collecting data is this something that france could or would do because on one hand you control people on the other hand it is a fine line. i perfectly understand your question and i will be very direct x. and one handy collect data you control people somehow but on the other hand it is

a fine line. so you collect intelligence. you collect intelligence to do what with it. it is like a library you use it when you need it so being threatened by terrorism and it is the number one threat for you would collect a lot of metadata like a comment on a global level but let's not kid ourselves you can or make us be an amish is a dominant part of all services. so besides dealing with terrorism we can collect a large amount of intelligence which will serve our country information economic competition military market. arms supply all that kind of thing among a multitude of others or we can outright bring an advantage to one company over another over its competitor. so this is where we must find the limits of the system

for terrorism yes it's allowed with but for other purposes data mining is an attack on the national sovereignty of each country should be. seizing that collecting personal data is something that efficient in terms of fight against terrorism separately it can be a threat if we use it in an intelligent way and if we for in the exact piece of the conversation that is necessary for us to prove an offense but really managing meta data implies collection masses storage and above all software to go find the small needle that is in the haystack. so it is very delicate it is not simple. the technical side that's only one aspect of the fight against terrorism. human side is very important it is the one that is the most relevant

and the one that can have remarkable efficiency but what do you mean by the human side. the human side is recruiting informants from within terrorist organizations who will explain to you what's going on they have different motives of course but they are the best source because here at the heart of their going to zation. in the mistaken pan-european anti terror measures were lobbied by paris anyway called the attacks in france and belgium including a law that allows a broad collection of air passenger data and a wide sharing of it to identify suspicious patterns. so this is an old issue with this program it's called a passenger name record to date while fighting against terrorism it is good to anticipate and to know it's good to follow certain targets could be taking action

so it's good to know where they are going with who etc and how many terrorists have been caught thanks to this law so far. we're not able to do would be for you because we didn't have the tool we only found out later that they were going around certain countries and making connections after the fact right so i will explain today given that the pan-european decision about the data collection was not taken even though other countries have this plan in place when you take the blame you present your boarding pass at the council and you put it in the electronic terminal the plane leaves the flight attendant takes all the stubs in general the should correspond to the number of passengers and then the company will give these elements these this information to the police. and there the best injures are checked. but it is a bit late because the flight is a really in the middle of the atlantic and sometimes with patronymic names that are

not very well at densified it can create problems what we wanted was to have personal information at the reserve ation time one month before the flight ticket was paid for with whom the person is traveling this dates i would permit us to react and to say hold on this person is going to this country so we will call our brother service so that they take that into account because he surely has an important meeting in an area that is very important to us was so this is what we wanted with the anticipation of the events and the follow up on the potentially problematic people making this plan work across europe was always difficult because of the opposition from german politicians when spain so good splays as the head of the e.u. a country who paid a very high price with regards to terrorism especially military we made major

progress in obtaining more tools to fight against terrorism it was the spanish who obtained the european arrest warrant and common investigation teams meaning someone from spain can join the french team on a terrorist project or on surveillance or procedure a french judge can use a record of the spanish officer in that procedure this is the progress that was made. in europe not everyone has the same story with terrorism all but certain countries have never been affected and will never be all the better for them but others paid a high price already and so the presidency of the e.u. changes prickles and there are moments when we explain what we need in our tool box which is not taken into account and we wait for the president. to change in hopes of getting this extra two will. prove what you've sat before the interview when talking about immigration that estonia will never be as concerned as france but for

anti-terrorism it's the same there are countries that are targeted more than others of course i understand that but at the end of the day the european union is a one hole so you need to fight that all together when called solidarity exactly it doesn't help fight terrorism while you have open borders like this so i'm wondering if it possible to elaborate a common plan of fighting against terrorism. of course yes on the level of the mindset. of the fight against terrorism relies on its will that i would qualify as classic surveillance from the intelligence services. intelligence and the lisbon treaty reminded us of us raises the issue of the sort of each state what does this mean that there will never be european intelligence service or it will be empty or else the treaties

must be changed in the intelligence that is based on bilateralism today this does not mean that we do not give operational or analytical information at a european level of course we do. we come together the club. they steria services they have that's who we try to bring forward all of this and intelligence service cannot give out its family jewels within a european palace so simply. miscall. think that since this is such a major issue that it is time to change the treaties in their approach. the buzz rightly joyleen the structural and legal base may of course evolve but you must also have european diplomats and actions when they seek to open because the

problem is not only a police problem it is also about security and diplomacy and also the evolution yes there must be stability and a common vision look at today's problems regarding illegal immigration there is no unanimity of visions however illegal immigrations is starting to destabilize political regimes in certain european countries but hungary italy or any other countries possible is france's literate of course moles so there is an impulse to changing the approach to the problem and that reflection is also far from unanimous between salvini and emanuel. current does not flow freely angela merkel had the lead on a european level today this problem of illegal immigration has blown a hole in her ship so these are subjects that are of course external on paul

thurman in europe but which have a direct impact on the electro stability of each country so we will see how things will unfold what will. apart from here of there's also america there is russia everyone is faced with this problem cannot build a wall like mr trump. want but nevertheless when the washington moscow relationship was already in tatters sanctions were flung around and everything has a russian security intelligence services top brass went to the united states to meet with their american counterparts despite the personal sanctions so sure that eve need be to conflate the two sides can still benefit from talking to each other . this is what i'm telling you that is on one hand it is a necessity on the other hand we do not want to show it it is done in a fairly confidential way the intelligence services who are trusting the

intelligence services are actually. right after minister of foreign affairs you're kind of doing what the minister of foreign affairs couldn't do. but we work together with the ministry of foreign affairs which transmits all that said bits of information that are brought forth might be of concern to them and even better and it happened to me personally often when i went to see my foreign counterparts i would always go visit our ambassador in that country and transmit fresh analysis to the embassy so one diplomacy fails that's her secret service has come into play very good especially useful when two countries no longer talk to you gary caldwell with the russians to. trust we have a good relationship on that ceteris part. friends as a lot of chechens who have historically requested political asylum here and we also

have people who within that community or q. so they can create problems and who we found at something terrorism acts in moscow and we were able to exchange. we were able to carry out. and through international commissions we were able to help the russians songs. very much for the century and good luck.

nobody could see coming that false confessions would be that in this population of . any interrogation out there what you'll see is threat promise threat promise threat lie a lie a lie the process of interrogation is designed to put people in just that frame of mind make the most comfortable make them want to get out and don't take no for an answer don't accept. she said therefore we. sat on a statement that i would be home by the next day there's a culture on accountability and police officers know that they can engage any misconduct that has nothing to do with all the crime. because there's survival guide book stay single malt to start with at the federal reserve. he should know there are you going to get him back.

oh he knows this is a repatriation scheme will look at the rest of seven years. philip to separate those guys record. they're bred for a single purpose. they have a superman. they start training very young. eight months of intensive schooling. rats. and they save lives. country has gone into a nihilistic theme. and get out the travelling across america to find what makes america the charlatans the genius of this place the

central american hero this is it we've come a point around which element is done something we always are on the margins something. called the culture party. we're starting last with. the beginning heading east into the swamp we're going into the belly of the beast i think i want to leave now doesn't get any more gondo the less we may be completely different by the end of this jet. ski.

holder first talks since the world's largest economies. there are trade. offs are coming up on the program this hour turkey slams the new conditions both washington places on u.s. troop withdrawal from syria america that is all hold on. to the security of kurdish fighters. on the joint u.s. russian plan for a space station orbiting the moon is on the birth red softer aplomb stateside visit by the head of russian space agency has blocked the request of american.