informal hotspots where landmines are among the most deadly remnants of conflict they're often found years after war has ended and serious injury isn't the only problem. imagine how it must feel to live with the knowledge that there's a landmine lurking somewhere near your home. when isaac grows up field and to help make the problem of landmines a thing of the past. but it will be a full nine months before he becomes a real pro for now he simply spends his time with his family. why it's no coincidence that giant rats were chosen to sniff mines in the wild their extraordinary sense of smell that was them to search for food buried deep underground it works with. the key is to train your rats to associate the

discovery of t.n.t. with food and that's not difficult because everyone knows how intelligent rats. the really hard part is making sure that the rat doesn't make any mistakes that could be fatal not just for the rat. the regular rats that's clear from the way they eat these giant rats have special pouches in the food just like hamsters so this particular animal is on the cusp between being a rat. perhaps that's why they're just a little bit cuter. i guess i should add to another really great benefit of our species of rats is that they're really curious which lab rats are curious as well but they are very social

in terms of they're really willing to work with people lab rats sometimes will develop that relationship with you but i don't think they develop it quite as readily. meanwhile isaac has grown he's now four weeks old i'm training can begin like all children isaac schooling starts with a kindergarten. although it is a camera he helps little rats to feel comfortable around people. to see that defeat. is the. norm we teach the. truth.

that's not. interacting with a care or is a vital part of the learning process it's important for isaac's socialization mind sniffing rats mustn't run away from bites people. when he grows up eyes are cool way around a kilo and his body will reach thirty to forty centimeters in length just about as long as his tail. because they're so big grilled. their favorite local street food. started at school he spends his early weeks learning the basic rule that means food . is used to reinforce the learned response. counters an empty

container there's no so. this one does contain t.n.t. and the clerk tells him that he can claim i treat. well in general but. they really let her do her thing they don't get involved or train influenced her in any way but there are the rats has a different behavior just before they find. they have certain behavior some of them like to clean themselves they like to groom themselves they're very clean. they don't like to get wet or maybe there are. some of them will walk around in circles some even stand up in the air. so the handler knows that she's found some think is just has. indicated where.

a rats remarkable sense of smell can detect the tiniest traces of t.n.t. they can sense the explosive even when it's fifteen to twenty centimeters on the ground their noses are there not so secret weapon imagine if humans had similar abilities ok if you were in a pitch black room and somebody entered the house from. i would say i think one kilometer away and it's pitch black and you can't hear anything you might be able to detect something changed but that's also very hard for me to say because i really as a scientist i need evidence to support such a claim and i don't have. isaac and his sister at the gym they can give their paws a good workout sharpen their teeth. but enjoy

a sense of freedom. said looks as though isaac's trying to set out on his first trip. nice troy. a brief chase. a few a breath so fresh. and he soon back in the fold. they know what they are doing they know what to be expect from them they know. if to your work you can do very we want. to

three war. profit off. very very very important he learned most you have to report. don't they don't understand so i remember very were the words oh. that's what we are doing. for about a. week these students are only fed the food given this treats during training mostly a staple diet and nuts. during the weekends a little given a veritable feast. of peanuts and dried fish this. is great for their bones.

it's no feast. he says. he. says here. in the wild rats live in small underground colonies. quite independent within the colony. live in their own. food with neighbors. females can choose their own mating partners but the colonies are not. they are ruled by a group that works a little like a parliament with both male and female members.

it's a big day for isaac. is about to move into high school. just like every graduate to be he gets his own personal transport. now. his field training. join graphics on nocturnal they sleep by day but have active night lives. carers try to adjust to the rats biorhythms they set out at five thirty in the

morning a field training session can start at six. bits for moments like this that isaac has been trained is no no no and by the sound of the engine of. the. country has gone into a nihilistic fever that's why i think and. think it out the travelling across america to find what makes america take the schalit in the genius of this question

especially american hero this is it we've come a point around which element is going to say we always are on the brightest and. most of the culture is being boring because. we're starting west with is moving ahead of east into the swamp we're going into the belly the big i think i want to leave now doesn't get any more gondo than it may be complete. the difference in this. nobody could see coming that false confessions would be that profile in the spot laced up wrongful conviction. and any interrogation out there what you'll see is threat promise threat promise threat lie a lie a lie the process of interrogation is designed to put people in just that frame of mind make the most comfortable make them want to get out and don't take no for an answer don't accept their denials she said their forwards. santa statement that i

would be home by that time the next day there's a culture on accountability and police officers know that they can engage in misconduct that has nothing to do with all their crime. when we all make this manufacture consent instant to the public wells. when the ruling classes protect themselves. when the crime and merry go round lifts only the one percent of. the time we can all middle of the room signals. to leave the room in the real news room. you know world a big part of

a lot of things and conspiracy it's time to wake up to dig deeper to hit the stories that mainstream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door on the bath and shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the truth the time is now for watching closely watching. the hawks. my conclusion use. to be neat to train during this. again. and i like it the only one. with three hundred or.

so it's not do i man who is telling them. the black you have to do this in this in this manner now we have the older teen years there is material enough for the old to be used to train the human. isaac remains calm while he's in for his class to start. the trust between trainer and rat run steve. he lets isaac out of the cage. without even bothering to follow.

they have to concentrate them to be a viewer of that they have to. to make you need to predation or for the root is doing. with you. when you are telling a. bigger. isaac is now demonstrating model behavior for him by now and thing rather. he sniffs diligently at the end. is in no hurry. this is the result of several months of training. it looks as though isaac might offend some t.n.t. . he tries to rid his nose of all extraneous sent.

me thinks he senses something but needs to reset his smelling operators to be sure . this is the spot. no all the trainer can send his signal. it's like watching two old friends getting together. at first but for him good for me. i mean she was not running she was walking.

she sniffed everywhere. she. liked records to steve to t.n.t. he did you will. it's asserted she wasn't. visions of t.n.t. . isaac seems to have passed with flying colors. and now it's time to evaluate his loyalty. no one wants to chase or run away red across a life minefield that would be deadly that's why it's important that the rats follow their handlers voluntarily without a leash. isaac is displaying textbook behavior as this training is over. now it's time for the real world to

begin. traveling to see. in cambodia. this is home to one of the ancient aka textural wonders of the world. and court of fact. millions of tourists travel here to take their best selfies tourism is one of cambodia's main sources of revenue. but there are still landmines

left over from the civil war and they are seriously hampering any further growth and tourism to say nothing of the danger to life. when it comes to square miles of minefields podio is second only to afghanistan. the number of injuries caused by landmines is the highest in the world now though the situation is changing for the better in the popular tourist resorts mines can only be seen in museums but there are still many dangerous areas in the country. isaac is here to help with mine clearance. new instructor applies some screen to

his skin. because giant rats and nocturnal creatures their skin isn't accustomed to high levels of u.v. if they were left unprotected and run the risk of developing skin cancer. ears and tails the most delicate spots. we didn't see them doing this in africa because the training center was high in the mountains in the town of ma to go to. at this time of year it's much cooler there than here in cambodia. if we take a closer look at the probables it's raining but isaac still has some screen applied . the sun might come out once the team stops working.

this is no drill. between dawn's protective vests and helmets. no one knows exactly how much protection they get would offer that fine until they're off to work. it's not a hundred. but look at you from the top when the next question is about that but these are. international how do you. know. if something exploded. in the north being a scottish and down something explored at least to a point that they don't want an office rather than having nothing. just as we make our way through the minefield it rains again. if it rains and then. march.

we think that there is no question other thinking is going on so it's not easy for that. that's why when drains a lot then we don't know what. it doesn't look as though we'll get to see ice a connection or range getting heavier. see . see feel. pretty good. very good. through. our.

one more trip. it's not clear if the rain will get in the way again or not. if the mind to take is out in the field after all. isaac is investigating the ground. nothing so far. suddenly he starts to wash his face. this means he's identified a suspicious scent. the disposal experts approaches. he has from something.

he seems to be really quite relaxed so perhaps it's not a mind off to rule. is the mind that's not mine. i thought. it.

was highlighted in yellow. the disposal team has a light breakfast after work everyone gets a banana. and they all seem to enjoy it. for this moment of triumph now it's time for a rest. of the real heroes and see glory true heroes need to rest to build up their strength for their future endeavors. another round of cambodia's mine clearance campaign has come to an end the field

engineers have a chance to relax and the young men take a leaf out of the judge's book then i'd life is almost as exciting as the rats. this story of a land mine and. that's all there is to it.

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consciousness has taken the time a.