which is why it was so difficult to turn that argument around june the referendum within a very short period of time it doesn't matter what my cup of the government is always been applying for issues that in effect landing squarely at the feet of the u.k. government if you say you need a new government that's the point so that will always be a priority no if a coach the tories not being well known for voting for their own demise of course we feel used to back in our confidence about and we feel used to go back to the electorate in a general election then a policy position inside libraries very clear that all options on the site at that point include in the campaign for a second referendum or papers about steve thank you thanks that's it for the show will be back on monday twenty four hours ahead of that breaks a vote to speak to one of the u.k.'s greatest geographers businesses that he dorling about in the ashes of britain's empire until then he was not transferred from the you will see on monday eight years to the day u.s. u.k. that dictator ben ali of tunisia went to saddling european self-immolation among them with blue eyes easy to spot uprisings against british back to takers across

the arab world. as a spy you have to really split your own posts not attentive to your den is that committed to harvest that was still alive there within me. and then that is the one who

wanted to counter everything they want to do and then try and dismantle everything they want to do it so you have to really become a doctor and they noted that to fool them you have to fully own family and know that the fool them. determine that you're the one. who did it. so i'm going to move into the interrogation. i leave the role alleges that there for several minutes because i

want you to get anxious. to think about the error of your way. and then i walk back you and when i walk back in i'm going to have a big fix file with me. all kind of a person it may have seemed just like our surveillance video but my all be blank. but it's a show you that i have a strong investigation and i have all this evidence. so the first thing i tell you is. our investigation has proven that you're the one who committed this crime there is no doubt about it whatsoever we have the evidence that you did it there is nothing that you can say that will convince me otherwise all i want to know is why . could you confess to a crime that you did not commit. and interrogation techniques used by the majority . a of police officers in the united states is causing controversy across the

country. created in the sixty's by the private company john reed this method has gone on to influence most of the interrogation techniques taught in american police academies it involves nine different stages leading from confrontation to spoken confession to a final written confession this technique has allegedly compelled thousands of innocent people to confess to crimes that they did not commit interrogations should be conducted in a non supportive environment we want to get the person on to our territory away from his or her own surroundings interrogation room should be quiet private free of any outside distractions or noises. so please. remember what. i don't know they tell these interrogators that you can tell whether someone is guilty by looking at them and listening to what they say that confirms their belief

that the suspect is guilty and it is a recipe for disaster what our family realised what had happened in that interrogation room it was like oh my god oh we begin to move closer shortening the distance between the suspect and ourselves moving into their personal space to solve those. needed yes they are down for. the united states to be proud of the many failures of the criminal justice system nobody saw that coming nobody could see coming that false confessions would be that prevalent in this population of wrongful conviction accusing yourself of committing a crime seems unbelievable but recently an official study from the u.s. department of justice has revealed that almost a third of exonerated people have confessed to a crime that they did not actually commit at the beginning of the interrogation.

investigator enters the room stands about three or four feet away from the suspect looking down on the suspect and in a very direct and unequivocal way accuses him of committing the crime. that's what happens when you're dealing with crooked cops. crooked people who don't care about other people's life so. they took an oath to help to save lives and fight for people and they did not do that not in mass in this case. they were comfortable it was satisfied. if they had a man and that's all they really wanted was the body. so they took us. from twenty one years and twelve days.

all. right and then he was twenty three. fortune our way. or direction i want to go on life and everything. was. kind of slow and when. it's more of a seasonal type of thing. so i look to supplement my income a little bit and i made a bad bad decisions and so affiliated with our car accident.

some people my say for of the other. and. that's where i was at that time just trying to figure things out. were that age forty three months and has spent twenty one years of his life behind bars. in one nine hundred ninety six he's convicted of murder and sentenced to fifty years in prison at the time he's making a living by selling drugs in an apartment building in detroit. is accused of killing christina brown one of his young clients on the night of the nineteenth of january one nine hundred ninety six. however on the night of the murder lamar was far from the scene of the crime were.

he was at home with his six year old daughter. every one member waking up watching cartoons with my daughter saturday morning and i she woke me up at night and i was like mom we were watching cartoons and davey and i want to where my daughter saturday morning and. that's like i want to. you know perhaps the last day i was out. that saturday morning lamar monson is the first to arrive at the scene he finds the apartment in a state of chaos and then he sees the young christina brown lying motionless on the floor on january twentieth one nine hundred ninety six lamar went for his afternoon shift to the apartment and he found the body of christina brown he knew her as crystal. he thought she was seventeen years old it was a young tough. well young woman who does drive herself is seventeen after she was

twelve and she was another one of the dealers who dealt out of that apartment and what he found was this horrific bloody crime scene. were. she was in a state of needed medical attention. or if it. was she was a. she was away from me and trying to say my name and i was taller than her. just hold on i want to get you know. i'm going to be long. and frantically. banging on all the doors and the apartment for a call the police will call him as the police came and lamar spoke to the police and the police immediately decided that he was there a suspect and so on that day very day he was arrested in fact we have

a police report where the detective basically says on the same day of the killing we can close this case if we can just get our monson to confess. i got a phone call. telling me that my son had been arrested for killing a young lady. i know that could never never never be possible. from the training that he had had from the time he was born until twenty two years when they took him away from me i was devastated how with. a kid and i couldn't sleep i walked the floor wondering what had happened why it happened and why would they choose.

kristina brown dies a few hours later in hospital. the officers of the detroit police force take more monson to the station and begin to question her. questions like she was my girlfriend and she was not girlfriend she's more like the little sister in a bunch and. we live in there i never lived there in the one they're. just. questioning was core from witness to suspect. part of the interview process is you're supposed to use what recalls the behavioral analysis interview. and in that if you use these techniques it's like you know you're watching a person's body language or you're watching the way that they say something or the way that the answer your questions there's also a series of seventy questions that is that you can ask the person and you know

based is that based on your answers on their answers and based on your observations you will be able to tell whether or not they're being deceptive or not they're guilty with over eighty percent accuracy. of every judgment i'm very it's like being a human lie detector test and the problem with that is really read itself the read people at mit that is not based on any science whatsoever just based on their own observations the real science says it's baloney it doesn't work. and it when they've done experiments with it they pretty much show that the accuracy is like flipping a coin it's fifty fifty. the reader. interrogation technique makes its debut in the sixty's it is revolutionary for police stations.

john reid a police officer from chicago proposes a new and less brutal approach to interrogation. i think john reed was a reformer in many ways you have to understand that when reid came to prominence. the method that was used widely throughout the united states was what's called the third degree police officers were beating suspects into confessing to crimes they did or didn't commit they were tuning them up they were using the rubber hose they were grilling them for hour after hour after hour and read to his credit knew that that was a way that was fraught with danger in that it might get false or unreliable confessions the problem is that he and weed in this is today have never come to grips with this act and psychological interrogation tactics can also

produce false confessions. join me every thursday on the alec simon show and i'll be speaking to guests of the world of politics school business i'm show business i'll see you then. desperate for a single purpose. they have a super committee. they start training very young. eight months of intensive schooling. their reps. and they save lives.

the first problem is they have this analysis by which they tell their trainees that you can tell when someone's lying by the tone in their voice or by their posture or whether they sit rigid in their chair or relaxed whether they look at you and give you i contact or look away or look down whether they fold their arms fold their legs look up look left look right you name it it's a cue and the retreat interrogator. has a whole list of body language behaviors and verbal behaviors of the suspects says i don't know that's considered deceptive if a suspect says oh man i swear to god i had nothing to do with this

appeals to religiosity are considered deceptive behavior they lead their trainees to believe that they are lie detectors but they are human lie detectors and once you make that judgment don't turn back move on to interrogation. when i first entered into the homicide division you had a lot of officers that's what they were saying and you did it your cue to who you know it was me with that as i'm in a turkish. arcus him i was just all over the place just devastated by what i've seen what was going on and then to get here and now you're trying to suggest that i committed the crime. the more monson's interrogation continues through the night as the hours go by the questions progressively turn into accusations sold rose she sold drugs for you. you

killed her she was your girlfriend and just creating a scenario that they want it on despite what obvious attempting to relate to far as what i'm. so i would go back and forth and back and forth and that interrogation lasted maybe. four or five hours because if it. is important issues you seldom will find a false confession take it in an hour seldom will you find it in two hours when you look at false confession cases twelve fifteen sixteen eighteen twenty hours could be broken down at some point the average person does what an average rational person does they conclude that i need to get out of this situation desperate they

hate it here among comfortable i'm stressed and the more i deny it the more they call me a liar and i just can't get out this way so they're looking for a way out of a bad situation. and tired. confused and that's funny over which. taken to. mine floor locker at the time and so i'm up there there's the world can't sleep k. rest. came believe was gone oh and. are you just can imagine i'm just a mind is described above. the process of interrogation is designed to put people in just that frame of mind make

them one comfortable make them want to get out and don't take no for an answer don't accept their denials. now during most interrogations the suspect is not going to just sit there and listen to you while you develop your theme they're going to try to deny any involvement whatsoever but that should be expected many guilty people introduce their denials with permission phrases such as can i say one thing which is just listen to me but sir if i can only explain when the interrogator hears those phrases it's important to interject yourself and stop the person from continuing because you let him talk to say the words i didn't do it and the more often a person says they didn't do it the more difficult it becomes for us to get a confession. if you look at any interrogation out there you'll see is threat promise threat promise

threat lie a lie a lie and it's fact to back it over and over and over and over and it's cutting the person off and like i said it is narrowing your options and giving you this perception that oh my god i am facing this guy knows the things that i'm guilty he has all the evidence i know that is bogus these witnesses didn't see me but they're lying on me and he's telling me that the only way that i can get a break from this is by telling him what he wants to hear. there so stressed and they have to do with how long they've been there may have to do with the fact that it's late at night they've been accused and called a liar they've threatened promises of the maid. whatever it is they get to a breaking point where they decide that it's in their best interest to confess at this moment it's in my better interest to confess them to continue denial.

lamar munson sees that he is about to be caught in a trap police detective joan going places a file on the table. or the broader her office. and. she said there is shared apollo files on this and she mentioned where you know this she was make a reference to those files being evidence against you against me and i'm. ok. i don't know what that is book i haven't done anything and i don't know why i'm down here and i want to go basically. what was inside of this fight. for anything. lamar monson tries to ignore her but american police officers have the right to lie to

a suspect lying is a normal part of the process used to put suspects under pressure. i can lie. about the evidence i can tell i think i absolutely the courts allow me to live up to a point you know there are certain laws that are so outrageous that good not records are going to lead it but i can tell you all on of lies i can tell you that we have three or four we have four witnesses who say that they saw you take the money and you're going up oftentimes it will come in with a fifty file folders filled with papers doesn't matter what's in that file folder could be take out menus from a restaurant ok and oftentimes there will be clipped. on the top of that aisle folder a d.v.d. ok and police officers will tell the suspect that there was

a camera across the street that was filming the area where the crime occurred and that their images on the d.v.d. so there's technological evidence that police officers sometimes use other times they'll claim that they've had they found for your prints or blood evidence or d.n.a. evidence imagine a suspect in an interrogation and they're there for again some period of time that is uncomfortable and the police now are lying about the evidence that's suspect may we know full well that he didn't do anything wrong but he's starting to feel trapped and overwhelmed by this presentation of incriminating evidence thinking i didn't do this but they're claiming they've got evidence and whether this is a set up or what i've got to find a better way out anybody who's been the victim of a high pressure sales tactic knows what this feels like anybody who says that they

would never ever confess to a crime and they didn't do. haven't been under this sort of pressure. these tactics are relentless for lamar monson time seems to stand still the police detective offers him what appears to be a way out. if she was saying that she believed that i did do it and this she was willing to help me but i had to help her help me. so she began to give me a scenario. self-defense. she suggested or it probably helped my situation and then. she said if i would cooperate santa statement then i would be home by. that the next day. over a series of other techniques with the interrogator does he narrow down for the

suspect. two choices two paths both of them involve the suspect admitting their guilt but one paints the suspect is an evil person a monster a cold blooded remorseless killer and the other one provides an excuse for the suspect for why they committed to cry maybe it was self-defense maybe it was an impulsive act not a deliberate act not a premeditated act and over time you know with increasing pressure on the suspect. many suspects will accept the path of least resistance and accept a less heinous explanation for why they can be there to cry.

during the theme we don't get to the suspect psychological justification for the mission of the crime we don't legally justify it but we offer him a moral excuse that will minimize or justify in his own mind committing the crime and this should be done in a monologue format. it comes to the point where i'm doing this over and over and i start to see you getting to check to and i get to the point where i think i need to come in with a final question my job my goal of the interrogation is to limit your options and to give you the at least a temporary perception that your only option is to confess to this crime. that's the best route for you to take. google process the words when we have a conversation we don't process literally what is said we process between the lines

we process not what is said but what is implied when an interrogator says i think you're a good person i don't think you meant to do this i think it was an accident by the way i would have done the same thing you're thinking oh this is no big deal i can confess and that's my easy way out here. and that's the point at which people can fast. i was out of it into. just ready to whatever you want to me to do namely to sound science or to my mind. that he would be able to. do what's necessary to shorted out was innocent and i didn't commit this crime because i didn't commit the crime. on the thirtieth of january one thousand nine hundred ninety six at six o two am after ten hours of interrogation detective ago in obtains a single signature from lamar monson in this document he explains that he

involuntarily stabbed christina brown detective going was subsequently removed from the homicide unit and later terminated from the detroit police and the reason she was removed from the homicide unit was because she was accused of fabricating confessions in other words tricking people into signing false confessions. you.

as a spy you'll have to really split your own personality into two you don't is that committed to harvest that was still alive within me and then that is the person who wanted to counter everything they want to do and then try and dismantle everything they were doing so you have to really become a production in order to fulfill them you have to follow your own family in order to fold a. bowl . of prawns sees a ninth successive weekend of yellow fest protest.