with a snap election on the way see the. u.k. prime minister. of the opposition clash over everything from russia to u.s. designs on me and they position collection of everything from russia to u.s. designs on the n.h.s. . the democratic controlled u.s. house of representatives. the democrat controlled u.s. house of representatives moved to do some research to be fair to me on the 5th

infantry company preachment and change inquiry to the next next to the day they open your reckoning. because it's because india has been so everybody at risk because it's as soviet style. and face but suspend accounts and it believes face will spur but suspends accounts it believes were russian and different both and i don't descend to both of them innovations come. off. just a week off to moscow signs $1000000000.00 deals with the continent. plays in the headlines $1000000000.00 deals with the continent. well those are the headlines all be back here next hour with another round up and stay with us for so. i'll be back here next hour with another round up and stay with us for next here on international.

hello welcome to vision or. hello welcome to visionaries i'm sophie shevardnadze hoping fantasizing believing i'm sophie shevardnadze and hoping fantasizing believing all. natural things for humans. all. natural things for humans. but can we choose what we believe and why do we believe in the 1st place but can we

choose what we believe and why do we believe in it in the 1st place we'll ask michael shermer psychologist science writer and founder of well ask michael shermer psychologist science writer and founder of the skeptic magazine. michael scherer. michael shermer welcome to the show it's great to have you with us lots to talk about welcome to the show it's great to have you with us vox to talk about you know many. say that all. say that believing in improbable things. sickly basically and. second is the mechanism going isn't that sort

of. modern your nature has provided us with you know to survive be happy in reality which is your half off has provided us with you know to survive be happy in reality which is often dire. yeah i think that's right in a it's a strong word but what i mean by air yeah i think that's right in a it's a strong word but what i mean by. belief speak. of inside of this is that is that our inclination is to try to understand then the world can have a debate it be that that's what's called whole learning associating less than any learning whether and where it's there is like it's like class classical can go condition and the like like pavlov's dog or or or or or. at it's next it seen what tonight i'm thinking tino and one other thing are into in

the and in the environment are meant to try and i don't understand and cazalet ality. is going to do it my little experiment is about imagine you're here on a hominid hominid on the plains plains of africa africa 3000000 years ago and when you're here russell in the grass is it is it a day to day. predator or is it or is the wind the wind and it now if you are now if you assume the rustle in the grass is a dangerous predator rather than the grass this is the data generated it's just just going to turn is made just just the when you've made a type one or a false positive you thought there was a real connections no connection but no hard type one or a false positive you thought there was a real connections no connection but no harm you know you just kind of went running away but if you think but if you think someone running on the grass is as it does a day is that it is just is just the wind it is winter and it's

a the dangers out as president or. your daughter which you are you just. you've just been munched and taken out of the gene pool so my argument is that we have much to and to get out of the gene. well so my argument is that we evolve the capacity to assume that all rustles in the grass are dangerous predators instead of just all the capacity to assume that all rustles in the grass are dangerous predators instead of just the wind and therefore we tend to believe things that are not trying to win and therefore we tend to believe things that are not true just in case because some of them are true and therefore believing we're through just in case because some of them are true and therefore believing weird things by the way it's called superstition or magical thinking believing weird things like that things by the way it's called superstition or magical thinking believing weird things like that is not a bug in the system it's

a feature that comes equipped is not a bug in the system it's a feature that comes equipped in the software of our programming to try to connect things in the environment in the software of our programming to try to connect things in the environment just in case there's a real case for action is there a connection right so. i say right so. you're saying believe you start are almost trained by coming on and the sentence just just looks like a writing bait house helps to harness an emotional horse but this horse well you know it's just to harness an emotional horse but this horse well you know it still go where i am or if it once are you saying that our emotional self will go where i am or if it once are you saying that our emotional self will always take

over that rational one yes well we are both rational always take over that rational one yes well we are both rational and emotional that is reason is a tool that we used to know and emotional that is reason. is a tool that we use to try to understand how the world works emotions are also kind of a tool to try to understand how the world works emotions are also kind of a tool it's a way of reasoning very quickly so evolution designed our will it's a way of reasoning very quickly so evolution designed our emotions to drive us to do things so you don't have to calculate how many calories. to drive us to do things so you don't have to calculate how many calories your body needs it in a given day you just feel hungry so that a memory is your body needs it in a given day you just feel hungry so that emotion of hunger drives you to eat

something and then when you're satisfied you've had enough motion of hunger drives you to eat something and then when you're satisfied you've had enough you no longer have that feeling or the desire to be attracted to somebody else this is an evolved no longer have that feeling or the desire to be attracted to somebody else this is an evolved trait that helps the speech trays but that. speed. you have sex and have children and so on and so on but no one. why that. that is. the practice to somebody else you know the waist to hip ratio or the waist said hip or the stuff they might face to their face to the complexion of the of the cave skin no one does those calculations you just just feel you did this into some somebody's body so it's and then that sentence this thing motions like. her and jealousy see and

and. you know those you know the hearts of those things are to the things that they're a what a way of reasoning about them at the world very very quickly to see this colorado happen could cognition she does. you know to no sense about a sentence about something that we're pretty we're pretty good about about this with this with people people for example. if you have a sense like this person i don't have a good feeling about him i don't trust him i don't know what if you have a sense like this person i don't have a good feeling about him i don't trust him i don't know what it is i did this so i feel right about here or the situation you're writing about. or the situation you're in those are usually pretty pretty accurate. is that what we have to believe is that we could see him not it's not like but it's not it's not psychic power it's it's the way he's in a very it's

a rapid whately about the virus and if you're picking things up from the ground up with lee about the environment you're picking things up from the from the environment you don't know what they are i don't know what there is but it's just a feeling you get in that sense from the environment you don't know what they are i don't know what there is but it's just a feeling you get and that's actually a good trait that we have well ok let me take this good trait that we have well ok let me take this a little step further let's talk about what's real or not and the a little step further let's not about what's real or not at the end of the day what we do decipher is real right because many we now know the day what we do decipher is real right because many we now know and says to physicists. after i've talked. to. he said he has a set she says she suggested yes interesting that everyone everywhere is saying to

say that we think that wind is we think we're in kill is great and i'd. be. what do you think yeah i don't think that's correct. when you think. yeah i i don't think that's correct at the level that which which we live in adequate the physiological level that which at which we live that is the macro physical world world filled with what mitch michio is always tough talking about they're out there. trying to think that's what the physicists that study quantum physics for example they're talking about the sub stuff like quite hard to explain for example they're talking about the subatomic particle and this is a very different and then what's the world very different world. out of out of bounds if you have it like a few tennis balls like a tennis ball here is the nucleus of the atom and the electrons going around it

sort of the here is the nucleus of the atom and the electrons going around it sort of the energy shield or a field of the electrons going around it these would be like blocks away energy shield or a field of the electrons going around it these would be like blocks away from the little tennis ball here it's mostly empty space the atom is most state from the little tennis ball here it's mostly empty space the atom is mostly empty space so that's why people new age group talk about empty space so that's why people new age group talk about you know this chair is completely empty or or this is really empty space yeah but not at the macro let you know this chair is completely empty or or this is really empty space yeah but not at the macro level at the macro level the atoms are so tightly bound that essentially this chair that i'm sitting in is novel at the macro level the empty spot arms are say so tightly and bounce its own so all of that is intentionally this chip that's why air they don't fall through it and

i'm sitting in is not empty space it's a solid thing that's why i don't fall through it. and. it didn't and here have a little accident in here so that at the met macro level of all. it's it's not it's not an illusion what we see and feel out of. accurate. portrait what we see and feel is a fairly accurate portrait of rid of reality that now there are some that are that are are you said this prop say this problem of love that let's i have to be better at it like like i can't i don't know what it would be a bad life like this i don't even have that site because i don't have sonar this echolocation i want to insist that are this image so that. meant to pick up the big . sound bouncing up. and exists in the brain an apparatus to process the process announce that information and from it

haitian and so on i can know what it's like to be a bad back can't know what it's like to be me and so what and so on i can know what it's like to be a bad a bad can't know what it's like to be me and so whatever let's say a thing in the environment looks like to a bat it probably never lets say a thing in the environment looks like to a bat it probably doesn't look like that to me we probably have very different images of what the world looks like doesn't look like that to me we probably have very different images of what the world looks like but they're still really is say a wall here and if the bat is flying toward it it's going to move but they're still really is say a wall here and if the bat is flying toward it it's going to move around the wall and i see the wall or i feel the wall the bat here's the wall over around the wall and i see the wall or i feel the wall the bat here's the wall. the sensory apparatus read this is different than the neural strettle structure

a process of seeing the scene in 3 inches from entering the station is different from the difference between meeting me in the back in the bat but there really but there was a really all star what they're really colorful things they're really we have after things that we have to navigate around in the world so that part is not an illusion that's reality so i navigate around in the world so that part is not an illusion that's reality so i argue that we evolved senses that give us a fairly accurate way argue that we evolved senses that give us a fairly accurate portrait of what the world is really like and in the best tool we have for understanding or truth of what the world is really like and in the best tool we have for understanding that world is science because subjective world will see you and i and i'm made because he was brought on similar activity or you are and i'm a be wronger or or disorder or disorders or there are are there are in our or.

suffering from john's but to collect opportunity probably will be susan's but collectively we can get an accurate picture of the world so well what about creativity get an accurate picture of the world so well what about creativity how dast creativity of fact our ability to believe in things how dast creativity of fact our ability to believe in things does that mean that the richer imagination we have the more likely we are to believe does that mean that the richer imagination we have the more likely we are to believe we're at stuff or not necessarily i think there's a really share too in this the self in the already i'm not necessarily. i think there's a relationship between this in the believing brain and i. i mean with the idea. that the they have this read their piece which we ship between say madness and creativity or that that people are they who are very open to new ideas they can

they make connections across disciplines or newfie of this in creativity or that that people are they who are very open to new ideas they can they make connections across disciplines or new fields that you and i maybe wouldn't make but that they're so open to new ideas that you and i maybe wouldn't make but that they're so open to new ideas they also believe a lot of wacky ideas so for example i know a lot of really she is they also believe a lot of wacky ideas so for example i know a lot of really smart people nobel prize winners and so on they believe the weirdest things like what and part i some are people nobel prize winners and so on they believe the weirdest things like what and part i sometimes wonder. oh that like $911.00 was a times wonder. oh that like 911 was a conspiracy or that astrology works or that e.s.p. conspirators will just work. these kinds of things

that most scientists and skeptics are skeptical they think there might be something to this talk and scientists and skeptics are skeptical they think there might be something to this talk in the bill to believe in brain and brought out about a much smaller one the most noble well problem that i know but for his eyes work can wear is a work that can make the p.c.r. or the technique of of take you know a little you know a little snippet of d.n.a. and then reproducing that it's a very common technique reproducing but it's a very mulberry cause super interesting. kary mullis see. interesting super smart creative guy he he drove drunk he drinks ramped up to this is. this one for which he won the nobel prize well. for 15 what it was and.

i mean just kind of. odd and just kind of having a creative moment out in nature you know. like you and i are not going to have that kind of spirit of moment out in nature you know. like you and i are not going to have that kind of experience all right or einstein has this dream of flying on a beam of luxury and so right or einstein has this dream of flying on a beam of light yeah whoa ok i don't have dreams like that but but yeah whoa ok i don't have dreams like that but but that kind of openness and creativity might lead you to think well all these other thing kind of openness and creativity might lead you to think well all these other things are real not all of them are real sometimes the creative ideas you come up with are real not all of them are real sometimes the creative ideas you come up with are just they're just great crazy they're they're crackerjack they're not real and so are just they're just

great crazy they're crackerjack they're not real and so the rub here is to have a mind open enough to accept rather the rub here is to have a mind open enough to accept radical new creative ideas that no one else has thought of that turn out to be right but not suckle new creative ideas that no one else has thought of that turn out to be right but not so open minded that you believe every wacky idea that comes down the pike and so you know when people who open minded that you believe every wacky idea that comes down the pike and so you know when people say well you know they laughed at they laughed at galileo they laughed at the wright brothers you know it's like saying well you know they laughed at they laughed at galileo they allowed. at the wright brothers you know it's like well they laughed at the marx brothers being laughed at does it mean you're right so for every galileo well they laughed at the marx brothers being laughed at does that mean you're right so for every galileo. there's 10000 other scientists who had creative new ideas and they. there's 10000 other scientists who had creative new

ideas and they were wrong and i encountered these people all the time they send me they send me their letters every were wrong and i encounter these people all the time they send me they send me their letters every week of new theories that they have most of which are completely incomprehensible so it's new theories that they have most of which are completely and comprehensible so it's not that being creative and having a new idea means you're right and you should win the nobel prize it's not that being creative and having a new idea means you're right and you should win the nobel prize most new ideas. but even in society it's even been provided fed professionals and into the. right are not right so so so so so to do so one final point just. one final point. because this is you can you perhaps sign up to science and just recently and it's really an asterisk you think i want to ask because i hurt the

idea that pseudo scientific research usually precede scientific idea that pseudo scientific research usually precede scientific revolution revolution and people will try to. pin this on existence and pick up something in the world exists and picture of the world and. then will to. you and i and to research a search. leads to the so-called paradigm shift do you think that we are actually on the verge of another scientific old paradigm shift do you think that we are actually on the verge of another. scientific revolution if we look at that way what a pencil in a fish 11. feet well it depends on the field i mean most fields in the sciences are filled variously in the eye and says they're at fairly mean well they're right. so that doesn't mean they're right but so here's how it works

so you've mentioned the word paradigm so a paradigm is this sort of collective body of knowledge that most of the people working in that field agree this is pretty true these are pretty solid here's how it works so you've mentioned we're paradigms so a paradigm is this sort of collective body of knowledge that most of the people working in that field agree this is pretty true these are pretty solid well supported ideas there's a pen or to read. them you have already asked anomalies that parrot don't have these anomalies that don't quite fit. and what do you do with the if the anomalies which well you assign graduates to do is. figure out what what what the problem is . or you know somebody some how many to be had trusted or were right when they were caught from that problem now if it's if it is true now that the in one of the season is that if it's true bill true that there's enough of these anomalies that

build up and you have new but there is a new truth as i dare carry than a good play as a kid and it's not all any anomaly but all of the not only the anomalies but all the core ideas to then you might have a paradigm shift you might have a brand new core ideas to then you might have a paradigm shift you might have a brand new scientific theory that overthrows the past idea but the problem with scientific theory that overthrows the past idea but the problem is that most people who think they have a paradigm shifting new idea they don't is that most people who think they have a paradigm shifting new idea they don't they they've gone off the rails they just think they do but they don't and so they they've gone off the rails they just think they do but they don't and you never hear about these because they get thrown out fairly early on they run experiments they don't pass the test or they don't even try to test their ideas they just bounce you never hear about these because they

get thrown out fairly early on they run experiments they don't pass the test or they don't even try to test their ideas they just bounce them off colleagues or friends and and they go nowhere and there's a lot of colleagues or friends and and they go nowhere and there's a lot more of those than there are the famous paradigm shifting ideas like so i mistimed comes out of those then there are the famous paradigm shifting ideas like so i mistimed comes up with you know his is theory of relativity that explain. some of the things that newton couldn't explain with you know his theory of relativity that explains some of the things that newton couldn't explain but it's not but it. was was wrong if you want to do you want to spin to get us to the moon the moon. just newtonian mechanics to pretty much all you know any. pretty.

fine tuning tuning with with. so it's not the newton was wrong and einstein was right out there was wrong einstein was. to the new. to the newtonian paradigm and that's usually how it works in science it's not this this idea and that's usually how it works in science it's not this this idea we've held on for centuries is completely wrong and we need a whole new idea you hear this a lot and we've held on for centuries is completely wrong and we need a whole new idea you hear this a lot by new agers who think they have a new idea but usually they don't so there's a reason particularly by new agers who think they have a new idea but usually they don't so there's a reason science is so conservative in cautious because we know that most new ideas people science is so conservative in cautious because we know that most new ideas

people have are incorrect all right michael that hold your thought we're going to take a shot we'll have our in correct all right michael on that hold your thought we're going to take a break right now we'll be back with michael shermer a psychologist science writer and founder of break right now we'll be back with michael shermer a psychologist science writer and founder of the skeptic magazine discussing. sorts of things stay with us. discussing. sorts of things stay with us. i've .

i'm going to fulfill the repeated promises apologise to the. i'm going to fulfill the repeated promises apologise to the people and come out the you know it's all bots. and come out to be you know it's all bots to. make you feel ready for a. pretty face you read for a. very

very deliberate cover up. you got what you want to know 1st regret that. you've no. longer.

all. dissent is being criminalized speech is being arrested just. dissent is being criminalized speech is being arrested just max blumenthal entertainer of the ball is the end product or are these owned a project believe. this investigative journalism will close in concrete increasingly questioning mainstream media narratives and intend interrogating policymakers can get can get you banned and

monetized and even the rest of us presidents. and we're back with michael shermer. and we're back with michael shermer a psychologist. or on the interests of the. our ability to believe the skeptic magazine talking about our ability to believe and where we can get us so talking about what's real what's not why and where we can get us so

talking about what's real what's not what about hope which is in essence i believe expectation about hope which is in essence i believe expectation that things will play out well right so is hope a worthless illusion as well that things will play out well right so is hope a worthless illusion as well. hope you don't think worthless oh oh oh. hope i don't think is a worthless illusion at all in a way hope is a project you know what she can hope into there's a new teacher or a projection into the future. of. a past. to go to one directing my children one that one direction that is more likely to lead to our survival in flourishing rather than another his acts more than that more likely to lead to our survival and flourishing rather than in

another direction that does it does it so. the poppy been described i mean because that i was going to miss i mean i was there with this book a novel about a moral middle archosaur about more of this book called the moral arc about moral progress over the centuries and i think we can document this in great detail real progress over the centuries and i think we can document this in great detail you know the abolition of slavery the abolition of torture civil rights women's rights gaurav all you know the abolition of slavery the abolition of torture civil rights women's rights gay rights animal rights and so on it's it's been remarkable how much moral progress we've made animal rights and so on it's it's been remarkable how much moral progress we've made but i'm not an optimist in the sense that that that was inevitable i'm but i'm not an optimist in the sense that that. was inevitable i'm a realist i think real i'll go such tight house think i mean we could all have to go to listen we're talking else that i mean we have to work at that. kind of on

a collective level if not if you come out of my hole and about collective level it also if you mean the personal holy ball so personally. i think you can make i think different doesn't make in terms of how you interact with them how were you able to interact with the world about whether you're hopeful or not in a way it's a self-fulfilling prophecy if you're a pessimist about whether you're hopeful or not it. the way it's a self-fulfilling prophecy if you're a pessimist you're more likely to see the world in a negative way and then maybe that becomes a self. you're more likely to see the world in a negative way and then maybe that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy there's a famous study done on luck you know some people filling prophecy there's a famous study done on luck you know some people think they're lucky some people think they're on lucky as it turns out the people think they're lucky some people think they're on lucky as it turns out the 1st of all there's no such thing as luck

that is lottery numbers or not 1st of all there's no such thing as luck that is lottery numbers are not more or less likely to come up because you're lucky or unlucky that doesn't exist but it more or less likely to come up because you're lucky or unlucky that doesn't exist but if you self identify as a lucky person in a way that your question your few self identify as a lucky person in a way that your question you're hopeful that you're going to win the lottery or thing good things are hopeful fearful that you're going to win out in the head a lot peter whether you're thing good things will happen to you turns out that people that self identify as being lucky are also score higher and openness to experience self identify as being lucky are also score higher and openness to experience and extroversion so in other words they're more likely to talk to people try and extroversion so in other words they're more likely to talk to people trying

new things go to new go to new places interact with new environment to new things go to new go go to new places interact with new environments and then in that way because they're open to experiences and they're extroverted lots and then in that way because they're open to experiences and they're extroverted like to talk to other people more good things are likely to come down their path to talk to other people more good thing. things are likely to come down their path and more opportunities for them to take advantage of and then in hindsight they look back and go boy was i ever lucky i went to that party i met this person and we got married or i met and more opportunities for them to take advantage of and then in hindsight they look back and go boy was i ever lucky i went to that party i met this person and we got married or i met this person and got this job interview and this changed my life i had this career i had a great family it was person got this job interview and this changed my life i had this career i had

a great family whatever unlikely people tend to be. introverted whatever. unlikely people tend to be. introverted and they score low in openness to experience they don't like travel they don't like new environments they score low and openness to experience they don't like travel they don't like new environments they don't like to go to parties they don't like to talk to people so they're less likely to have opportunity they don't like to go to parties they don't like to talk to people so they're less likely to have opportunities that come their way and then in hindsight think oh boy i was sure unlucky that i didn't have all these that come their way and then in hindsight i think oh boy i was sure unlucky that i didn't have all these good things happen to me that you had happen to you that's not luck it's good things happen to me that you had happen to you that's not luck it's in it's in a way it's a self-fulfilling prophecy ok one of 3 things are and it's in a way it's a self-fulfilling prophecy ok one of 3 things are doing in that sense and enough

flat imagination altering that sense and enough has played a mention ation or a scope for a reality when they can drink dreams dreams are a scope for reality when they can drink dreams dreams are still dreams are super interesting ok so just bigger picture we all have to sleep every night or sed dreams are super interesting ok so just bigger picture we all have to sleep every night 8 hours you've got to get 8 hours super important a good portion 8 hours you've got to get 8 hours super important a good portion of that 8 hours is going to be spent in rem sleep r.e.m. rapid eye movement sleep this is about 8 hours is going to be spent in rem sleep r.e.m. rapid eye movement sleep this is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because your body is super relaxed and deep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because your body is super relaxed and deeply asleep but your brain all of

a sudden becomes kind of active when you wake people up in those states simply asleep but your brain. you know all of a sudden becomes kind of active when you wake people up in those states they go i was having a dream ok so dreams are a kind of kind of oh i was having a dream ok so dreams are a kind of kind of a waking stake in the stately in which or in which your brush your age is but most you're pleased by it but it isn't part of sort of please let us leave but are you a part of active is very active now now what it is it is a dream dreaming about. mostly it's just this rain random firing ok this couple kinds of dreams that one kind of dream is sort of rehearsed in the days of venom firing ok this couple kinds of dreams that one kind of dream is sort of rehearsed in the day's events and we think that has to do with lame down memory tracks so you have short term memory and that's what we think that has to do with lame down memory tracks so you have short term memory and then you have long

and you have turned their medicine emory in those this is in between being kind of memory and then. that the the dream the dream kind of dreaming that is to understood that raising as events tickled her memory to track to death so days that the events had laid down memory tracks so that they're more permanent they get shifted they're more permanent long term. did so but all the segmented kind of dream was aware that there's these but a 2nd kind of dream is where there's these kind of random firings between different areas of the brain and you have kind of a general on a random firings between different areas of the brain and you have kind of a general narrative storyteller it's in the left hemisphere that kind of tries to string a little narrative storyteller it's in the left hemisphere that kind of tries to string all those impulses together into a narrative story that makes sense and so they all those impulses together into a narrative story that makes sense and so these are the kind of crazy dreams we

have like in the film the wizard of oz where dorothy has had the kind of crazy dreams we have like in the film. the wizard of oz where dorothy has is this and that and the state has to dream of being the name of this ghost plane that this is this world with with work with with with with with it which is it is and. it's and. and you know you know golden paths and then and then then the you know you know the you know you know the cowardly lion and in this in the scarecrow and the turnout turn out to be her uncles to be her uncle and family and friends and at the end of the movie and boy have the names of my brothers and at the end of the movie she's saying oh boy i had this incredible dream and both told the bodog that i was always there was there and you were there and you were and where that you were and so were the there that's kind of that's the kind of dream that we have that we can make sense of like boy i was really where ok dream

that we have that we can't make sense of like boy i was really where ok what does it mean nothing it doesn't mean anything those are just random what does it mean nothing it doesn't mean anything. those are just random dreams and then finally there are the kind of dreams we've all had that are related to things or dreams and then finally there are the kind of dreams we've all had that are related to things you're anxious about and so these are often frustrating dreams like you're trying to run away or anxious about and so these are often frustrating dreams like you're trying to run away from a threat and you can't run you're going super slow or you show up at work or school if you're from a threat and you can't run you're going super slow or you show up at work or school if you're a student you don't make it or you don't have your homework assignment or you get your student you know make it or you don't have your homework assignment or you know you're missing this or that it and you can't it's just those are kind of

reflective you're missing this or that it and you can't it's just those are kind of reflective things we're anxious about or worried about in the real world so things were anxious about or worried about in the real world so what you're thinking about as you fall asleep apparently does make a difference so there's what you're thinking about as you fall asleep apparently does make a difference so there's this new area of a new area trying to get thrown out of the loop. and we're trying to control your lucid dreams and which you as you fall asleep you think i'm going to dream i'm going to try to dream of that this as you fall asleep you think i'm going to dream i'm going to try to dream about this and you maybe write it down or whatever and some people claim that they have success and you maybe write it down or whatever and some people claim that they have success in determining what kind of dreams they have i've never tried this i think it's s.

in determining what kind of dreams they have i've never tried this i think it's possible in the sense that what you're thinking about just as you fall off into sleep possible in the sense that what you're thinking about just as. you fall through the sleep influence at least the initial dreams that you have ok that's really interesting influence at least the initial dreams that you have ok that's really interesting so so so so. again the 8 in d.c. it's their way to cities their legislators to. slam the hour and he measured individual grain and cans of its jewels or only one who gets to go to war only one gigabyte of knowledge and not. only. order. of part time right now can store tens of times more information or information and then we that means no ways and we have no other way to. let us of them think

surround us and to make decisions or form opinions about the things. you know and it's not dissing it out or form opinions about the things we don't know anything about we have to rely on other people's opinions which are based on other people's opinions we have to rely on other people's opinions which are based on other people's opinions and so on and so forth so without the ability to get knowledge firsthand and so on and so forth so without the ability to get knowledge firsthand are we inevitably locked in this sort of trap of wrong judgment are we inevitably locked in this sort of trap of wrong judgments. ok it is a couple things. they're playing 1st of all and paul back there 1st of all that that that 1st study you mentioned this is this is almost surely related to this myth that we have 1st study you mentioned this is this is almost surely related to

this myth that we only use 10 percent of our brain yes or our brain can only store so much information and so on only use 10 percent of our brain yes or our brain can only store so much information and so on yeah now most of that's not true how much tell your larger point is you know now most of that's not true how much tell your larger point is true that is we are. we use all of our brain when you scan a subject's brain an m.r.i. the whole thing is active and so to miss true that is we are. we use all of our brain when you scan a subject's brain an m.r.i. the whole thing is active and so to measure somebody's brain activity you have to give them a specific task to do usually they have a little cash or somebody's brain activity you have to give them a specific task to do usually they have a little keyboard inside the scanner they have to pick between a and b. or this image that image that caused the be bored inside the scanner they have to

pick between a and b. or this image that image that caused the blood to shift from one area to the other the whole brain is active yet to get it to be even more active so blood to shift from one area to the other the whole brain is active yet to get it to be even more active so now what portion of the brain so we use all of our brain now but your larger point i think is true now what portion of the brain so we use all of our brain now but your larger point that i think is true that is we are very limited in both processing speed that is we are very limited in both processing speed and total memory capacity now we don't know what the total capacity is because we're total memory capacity now we don't know what the total capacity is because we're still understanding memory and whether the things that are stored are still in there somewhere and you can still understand a memory and whether the things that are stored are still in there somewhere and you can recall them or if they're gone forever there's some in between state but that aside you're more recall them or if they're gone forever there's some in

between state but that aside you're more important point is that we do have technologies for storing more information at horton point is that. we do have technologies for storing more information and processing it ex sternly so this is called the the extended mind and processing unit x. journalese so this is called the the extended mind and your cell phone is one your family members and friends your community your society and your cell phone is one your family members and friends your community your society the entire media the entire internet is another place to store information to the entire media the entire internet is another place to store information and process information that you don't have to rely on just your brain so one theory about and process information that you don't have to rely on just your brain so one theory about how humans became as dominant a species around the globe as we have how humans became as dominant

a species around the globe as we have is that we're very social and that we have the capacity to have is that we're very social and that we have the capacity to exchange information through symbolic language to communicate to exchange information through symbolic language through communication initially just verbal e. but then through writing this is given a sion initially just verbal e. but then through writing this is given us an edge over all other species that can do this no matter how smart they are they do not have the capacity to share that information in the kind of decent education for all of their species they can't do all this now met with house smarts and are they do not have the capacity to share that information in the kind of detail that we can at such an extent so the idea that you know this idea of wisdom such an extent so the idea that you know this

idea of wisdom that older people or why this actually has a good point in it in as much as before there were that older people are wise the. this actually has a good point and in as much as before there was writing elders stored information from the kind of communities writing elders stored information from the kind of community memory emery going back going back to act. paul japan or a generation or charade you show it and as you saw here it is you know you're young and coming up you rely on your grandparents or the great grandparents or the elders and coming up you rely on your grandparents or the great grandparents or the elders in the community to tell you what it was like 50 years ago when the glacier was in the community to tell you what it was like 50 years ago when the glacier was they are now it's not there anymore or whatever you're taught you're worried about that's a kind of they are now it's not there anymore or whatever you're taught you're

worried about that's a kind of stored information that you can't have in your brain that other people can have it stored information that you can't have in your brain that other people can have and we can share that and you know you talked about paradigm shifts earlier if there's any paradigm shift we can share that and you know you talked about paradigm shifts earlier if there's any paradigm shift we're going to go into internet now it's in its infancy to be communicating. knowledge knowledge knowledge and late in for made in sion ever met a at retreat in real time in real time until time at the speed of light last night . and when it should which it shows suit you know it soon every single person on the planet all 7 and a half 1000000000 of us will have every single person on the planet all 7 and a half 1000000000 of us will have access to all the world's knowledge instantly for free access to all the world's knowledge instantly for free.

that is. some people call it something big. right now but people call it something big. right now. so there's a downside but as a tool you know it's a game changer for sure. but as a tool you know it's a game changer for sure. zoom

. zoom. zoom.

would you be i'll put my bitch in both of my takes more than 50 percent more than if she asked for and that's one. thing that she would. have.

through the dot com baba ball there was a lot of problems with c e o's it also is an area this side are being dumped off in la right if right after the fiar they piaggio there should be a lock up period there should be almost block people here it. the key force people

to stay put for all to stay on for at least 6 months or a year to make sure this thing gets out of the gate with our least 6 months or a year to make sure this thing gets out of the gate without too many problems here in this era that we work being a primary not too many problems here in this era that we work being a primary example the founder and finder was able to dump almost a $1000000000.00 apple the founder and finder was able to dump almost a $1000000000.00 before you're the i.p.o. . dollars before you're the i.p.o. . a certain flow morning for. impeachment veteran on the. city and it was

a. phone call a ticking ticking on lamb larry king king for all 4 pomona good long republican lawmaker 20 lot served in moldova leadership roles during his time on cal make a 20 lot served in moldova leadership roles during his time on capitol hill that will hold him. ranging from the house to house you do committee he did during world war the gates gandel to senate majority leader during the impeachment trial of bill go to senate majority leader during the impeachment trial of bill clinton trent lott joins us for a wide range you want on one question trent lott joins us for

a wide range you want on one.