the language and the world around us and i think you come to some very humbling conclusions that the language and the world around us and i think you come to some very humbling conclusions that as much as real like to see ourselves as the masters of our thought and our board of as much as real like to see ourselves as the masters of our thought and our boards it works in the opposite direction to our language shape it's it works in the opposite direction to our language shape our experience in some very profound ways how does it work well our experience in some very profound ways how does it work well of course we all have many years of experience speaking a language and we absorb of course we all have many years of experience speaking a language and we absorb so many habits and so many important structures from the language each human language so many have that in so many important structures from the language each human language is exquisitely structured there are about 7000

languages and all of that experience of speaking a language hearing a language around you trains your exquisitely structured there about 7000 languages and all of that experience of speaking the language hearing the language around you trains your mind to my find to focus on can do something not the other things and not just the person to always enter an intention is sent in it's set of things you could notice about the world you could potentially try to remember about the world and one of things you could notice about the world you could potentially try to remember about the world and language streamlet and to think about only some of those things to. leave that to think about only some of those things to focus on only those things that the people before us who built the language over many generals things that the people before us who built the language over many generations. it's those things they thought were most important those things got

built into the language nations those things they thought were most important those things got built into the language and so now those are the things that we tend to focus on and the structures that we tend to conform in the kitchen so now those are the things that we tend to focus on and the structures that we tend to conform and the heat works also in very subtle ways we do not necessarily we kind of appropriated works also in very subtle ways we do not necessarily we kind of appropriate to ourselves to our own free will but without necessarily realizing that they are to ourselves through our own free will but without necessarily realizing that there are forces that imposing certain structures on ourselves you know we all take the language or forces that imposing certain structures on ourselves you know we all take the language that we speak for granted it's like the air that we breathe and we don't notice it and in fact most of us that we speak for granted it's like the air that we breathe we don't notice it and in fact most of us believe that we simply pull their salary the idea that we accept it and sleep. we

now know that it's that anyway the years that have cited is in fact we know through many years of psychological experiments so that. and so that there had to fire felt in that series the 3 day not seeing anything just just the with faith and with they at they are instead still lead the world that we they they internal to learn old weevil the world levels higher than they can and they constructed by the structure structures of arteries of our brain since but but also also this new structure of our language isn't going to culture s. that that tell us how to put things together together. you often feel talk about and talk about. and lead forcing relationship with been. called for a relationship with been language and culture and it's very hard. for me personally

. it is very very hard thinking for me play about recent resists thinking about the relationship in they should have been then joined she can send them back to a term is that enough sort of structural. things on top of that by sometime i wonder i wonder if it's actually a fitting metaphor or not in terms of what comes 1st but the terms of the if it's actually a fitting metaphor and not in terms of what comes 1st but the terms of how the to encapsulate reproduce one another yeah so i think of how the to encapsulate reproduce one another yeah so i think of language as a part of culture language is a really good way to do it which is a. very make little pin which is a really good way to make a part of culture. turn in universally long distributed term or so if i'm and universally distributed so if i make something like a magical engender

a part of the language well also be can make something like a magical engender a part of the language well all speakers of that language are going to have to use that structure it's not going to be optional if you're speaking russian leaders of that language you're going to have to use that structure it's not going to be optional if you're speaking russian you can't just pick russian and not use good medical gender no one's going to recognize you as a real russian speakers and so it becomes something that's then universally distributed through the culture can't just speak russian and not use grammatical gender no one's going to recognize you as a real russian speakers and so it becomes something that's then universally distributed through the culture and the language images can lose those genders can add steps that the process is going to this is going to have to have to take a very long time whereas on the tire kind of discourse in the go much as this can do in the coming in going in which made my own family and me only affect some portions of the motley but how. it's. you at the. plate but how.

could you extrapolate from that relationship the fact that the. show much of this started and that was run play to some extent both rough but in both. there were quick to assign blame or responsibility does it on me think i'm to do with him or. belittle does it have anything to do with the curse aeration rates in the united states and then russia being among the world's highest is for ration rates in the united states and then russia being among the world's highest it's really hard to draw a straight line from language to a statistic like that because there's really hard to draw a straight line from language to a statistic like that because there are so many other factors that also all play and so we would have to do a very care so many other factors that also will play and so we would have to do a very careful study trying to or a lot is that even possible do you think you can design in our full study trying to

rule out is that even possible do you think you can design this i don't like to commit actual mission and then these then are these are going to be hard to do it when they do in the real world they'll dismiss big if we're going country by country there are they actually aren't the action that they have that many many countries in the world more than old and so you very clear you physically are right not critically about to step out of cycle pockets are the start cycle the technical it's into this or tech here quite an escalation and answered here but question but you could do expect some smaller scale experiments where. you could do expect some smaller scale experiments where you ask people to make judgements about. blame and punishment to make. mince about. blame and punishment when they're sticking one language or not there or when they've been exposed to more and when i. when they're liars speaking one language or another or when they've been

exposed to more attentive language or less a sense of gentle language which is infancy if they may make different judgments we use these is the example of all of us a potential justin timberlake and janet jackson akon jackson and jenna have a single one of her driving around knocking off a worldwide trend of drugs to provide enough if i'm actually trying to say at the time super bowl if we say timberlake rip some really critical because the costumes . people who are much much more likable need a lot of blood money and try to bring more likely to blame timberlake and they also want to charge him to $53.00 make and then also what percent charge much more in tune 431 percent more than if i find least say then we say cut the cost just in respect isn't even though there were watching the same in videos so now now you mention. the build of the 2000000. which are all to blue ridge you know whoever is true universally distribute certain practices and english

clearly the lingua franca of certain practices and english clearly the lingua franca of all of our times. do we understand are there any indications all of our times. do we end this band are there any indications or why it has been able to gain such a status isn't because it's relatively easy to learn why it has been able to gain such a status isn't because it's relatively easy to learn compared to other languages are other perhaps other factors contributing to that compared to other languages or other perhaps other factors contributing to that probably economic factors are the most important where probably economic factors are the most important where. seeing the can see kind of can countries are driving a lot of economic growth. and in

a lot of it even if they did in that spreads to the rest of the rest of the world a lot of places a lot of his want to place to then speak english so they want to can participate and to then speak english so they can participate in the trade or participate in the tourist industry whatever whatever it is that makes sense for the trade or participate in the tourist industry whatever whatever it is that makes sense for them but. but but it. you know like lots of other language ledges images have had have held silence what way are there times of so. often when we look at a particular historic moment and slip a into and say oh english english take us canoga never know so we're doing a separate who never knew we were just slowly keeps us going we can scream you plenty of time in my mind at a time when i'm that english has been dominant has actually had very tiny portion of historical time compared to say she's been dominant has actually had very tiny portion of historical time compared to say that the greek greek could come by fire

or the roman empire over to be slightly of all odd the language is just english comes with its own cultural baggage and i wonder as the english comes with its own cultural baggage and i wonder as a ofa skoal are all the other and bickered and being with 1st for all and anything with the newest of. anything in it. you're either don't live up to our hops either why don't you plug up the op 5. posing. well you know in any language. they're going to be something well you know in any language. they're going to be some things that are required and then they're going to be some things that are optional and that are required and then they're going to be some things that are optional and. for example right now there's

a big debate in english a badge entered pronouns right for example right now there's a big debate in english a badge entered pronouns right so. 3rd person singular pronoun he and show the inning. 3rd person singular pronouns he and she in english are large engendered. so and so arguing that we should have no more and have or. should introduce after neutral and into neutral pronouns or use the singular they are that i think and then i think does. i think a nice design for a language in that situation to make gender optional so that you can mark it when it's not for a language in that situation to make gender optional so that you can mark it when

it's necessary or relevant and not mark it when it's not relevant so necessary or relevant and not mark it when it's not relevant so it would be interesting to see what it would be. like and what you should we could get rid of could not get rid of gender marking on 3rd person printer it's the same way that english already doesn't mark gender on 1st person and 3rd person printer it's the same way that english already does it mark gender on 1st person pronoun is like i and we or 2nd person on this. or that 2nd can produce this and like you said do this a. 3rd perhaps and 3rd person since the pronoun that the. market will to be when you're looking at a market when you want one this is actually very interesting some actually very interesting because it. could be because it. that there are a lot of efforts off the lot of. things. being english

which the political thinker english language their political correctness but actually law just leading it for example in canada there were there was a cup controversy but actually law just leading it for example in canada there were there was a cup controversy a few years ago about dating so why do you think years ago about. mn dating certain pronouns why do you think gender. controversial category for. controversial category for english speaking world because arguably this is you know a part of the world where we're speaking world because arguably this is you know a part of the world where gender equality is at its highest. well i think quality is at its highest. well i think one reason is that we

tend to believe that the structures of our language one reason is that we tend to believe that the structures of our language reflect reality and so if in your language there are 2 categories he and she male and female reflect reality and so if in your language there are 2 categories he and she male and female most people then believe that those are the 2 relevant categories and everyone should be divided most people then believe that those are the 2 relevant categories and everyone should be divided into this. but if people come around and say hey i don't feel like i fit into either at it into this. but if people come around and say hey i don't feel like i fit into either category i want to be some other or very catch that and that. i want to be some other category that creates a lot of house intellect personal interpersonal off a cliff in the last month in the limo illness on an. eclipse like that and then. if the issue is simply linguistic reference that's

a very simple thing to fix you just have it and if the issue is simply linguistic preference that's a very simple thing to fix you just have it a neutral neutral on it while you try using what. you seem to think. big simple fighting to fix and yet i heard you say that pronounce as close put the words are i heard you say that pronounce as close put the words. our particular difficulty is super imposed we also i think how the difficulty is super imposed we also i think similar cases within the similar there. is the when the there. is the the neutral pronoun. so in this in the in this case the internet and they do interesting do have in as this singular 3rd person pronoun it's neither it's missing on their their person

they're actually it's there's not more and there are some remailer you know and there actually were some recent studies showing that if you remind people of the use of past him and make that if you say it reminds people of the path for then it makes it easier for them to do it in that. are not people men who are in means of power in our business sense of the paramours our sympathy gives out the bill if you give them a neutral story like the neutral the supposed her story i like to miss consist person during running for senate offering rules governing for public office government office tell me more about this more servant but this person like that will likely that they had a look at the metalogic magine a woman goes up if they've heard that the use of the word hen the reason he sincerely had so it's said jess that that kind of study suggests that it's an internship seeing and that op that kind of study

suggests that introducing a neutral option kind of opens people opens people up to think of and kind of opens that are beyond people opens people up to think about things that are beyond what's written is not exactly a country where women cannot progress our big career and that we can is not exactly a country where women cannot progress our big career in that letter i mean in terms of. again there representative must of women the in heart as in oceans i think it's pretty good when i was a matter of degree i mean even in really good situations and can still i mean that leaves me to kind of wonder if english is increasingly becoming a vehicle and i think it's pretty good when i was a matter of degree i mean even in really good situations and can still i mean that's leaves me to kind of wonder if english is increasingly becoming a vehicle for progressivist politics because when i was studying it and i was

studying it as an adult for progressivist politics because when i was studying it and i was studying it as an adult and i was putting it together with turkish and turkish you just learn you know vocabulary and grammar but with english you have to learn a lot of political concepts like gender equality sexism male hierarchy or area you know grammar but with english you have to learn a lot of political concepts like gender equality sexism male hierarchy or male dominance whatever i mean all those ideas that i near and dear to the american or male dominance whatever i mean all those ideas that i near and dear to the american left his but am not necessarily universal is it even possible these days to say left his but i'm not necessarily universal is it even possible these days to separate english as the language of international communication from england operated english as a language of international communication from english as

a language of them american political worldview you know languages and living things as a language of them american political worldview you know languages and living things where they're always changing terrific life the needs of the people who are crafting them and so they're always changing terrific left the needs of the people who are crafting them and so when you're in the middle of one of the. changes it always feels uncomfortable because it's a negotiation and when you're in the middle of one of those changes it always feels uncomfortable because it's a negotiation and one group of people may be pushing for one thing in the group of people are pushing for another thing one group of people might be pushing for one thing in the group of people are pushing for another thing but english hasn't been english in its current form for a very long so it's but english hasn't been english in its current form for a very long so it's the most normal thing in fact in the history of any language that it should change and should continue to change the most normal thing in fact

in the history of any language that it should change and should continue to change in english english has been very very dynamic and so in english english has been very very dynamic and so. i hope that as a new living object it continues to reflect the values i hope that as a new living object it continues to reflect the values that people want the things that stick around in the language and the things that people find useful is that people want the things that stick around in the language and the things that people find useful but then those can still continue to change and so if at all but then those can still continue to change and so if a change in pronouns happens now and then in 200 years people decide actually you want to change and pronouns happens now and then in 200 years people decide actually one a different set of pronouns all together there are some new set of things we discover different set of pronouns all together there are some new set of things we

discover and decide about types of humans you can build those into but it's one thing when it happens and i had about types of humans you can build those into but it's one thing when it happens naturally as a matter of when with the evolution and it's another thing when you tried. as a matter of linguistic evolution and it's another thing when you try to men date it's the law actually em in. to solve it history in the early soviet history we have some example to mandate it's the law actually to solve history in the early soviet history we have some examples of that and it wasn't very effective do you general believe in forces about and it wasn't very effective do you general believe in forcing thoughtful change through manipulating or mandating changes in thoughtful change through manipulating or mandating changes in the language. i think it's extremely unlikely that a change in the language. i think it's extremely unlikely that

a change would stick on less people the people who actually use the language find it useful or helpful and stick on less people the people who actually use the language find it useful or helpful right so lots of things can be mandated but they don't actually get used at everyday life and so lots of things can be mandated but they don't actually get used at everyday life and history is full of examples like that where there is some change that's forced from on history is full of examples like that where there is some change that's forced from on high is some decision that's made and it just doesn't stick and it doesn't actually get used by some decision that's made and it just doesn't stick and it doesn't actually get used by people in real conversation or people if people do use it it's only to make fun of it only people in real conversation or people if people do use it it's only to make fun of it only ironically right and so the things that will actually stick around are language ultimately and ironically right and so the things that will actually

stick around in our language ultimately are the things that people find useful for communicating the things that they want to communicate and things that people find useful for communicating the things that they want to communicate to professor brady is going to have to take a very short break now but we will be back in just a few moments stay tuned professor brady is going to have to take a very short break now but we will be back in just a few moments stay tuned. welcome

back to work. welcome back to worlds apart with all the other but i did ski associate professor of cognitive science at the university able to part with

a lot of what i did ski associate professor of cognitive science at the university of california san diego professor bird this guy know that you're very passionate advocate only for news on the yoga professor bird this guy know that you're very passionate advocate of linguistic and cultural diversity as well as multilingual is mezzeh way of linguistic and cultural diversity as well as multilingual is mezzeh way all experiencing lie. to the about the all experiencing lie. to the bouts of your ability how many languages were enough for you personally to make dots of your ability how many languages were enough for you personally to make about transition from what you call and i release them to a relative transition from what you call and i release them to a relativist that's where the definitely made that transition and i think it's you know it's hard to it's hard to get it that's where the definitely made that

transition and i think it's really hard to it's hard to get away from name for ellison a group speaking russian is my native language and then i had to the way for a name for his i'm a group speaking russian is my native language and then i had to learn english from my family immigrated to the u.s. and i speak some terrible fear in english from my family immigrated to the u.s. and i speak some terrible french and some very poor internees. and in little bits and pieces you are a very humble person as well were ancients and very poor indonesian and little bits and pieces you are a very humble person as well well into the indonesian speakers are very kind to so they said they say that my indonesian well into the indonesian speakers are very kind to so they say they say that my intonation and that's good but french speakers are less kind so. i'm speaking about your right and that's good but french speakers are less kind so. i'm speaking about your russian i heard you say during one talk. when your family moved to the heard you say during one talk. when your family moved

to the united states you refused to speak russian for one year because you wanted the united states you refused to speak russian for one year because you wanted to dust for it to fit in did you have a chance to overcome the for it to fit in did you have a chance to overcome the teenage rebellion and did you have a chance to appreciate or sort of. russian they grew older i definitely learned to appreciate teenage rebellion and did you have a chance to appreciate or sort of bremer in russian they grew older i definitely learned to appreciate speaking russian later in life certainly when a immigrated i felt like i watching russian later in life certainly when a immigrated i felt like i wanted to be like an american and a. it was important to be like an american and

a. it was important for myself identity to be able to communicate fluidly or even just to be able to make for myself identity to be able to communicate fluidly or even just to be able to make a joke to it feels when you're a joke too it feels. when you're in a new place where you can't express yourself it feels like you're trapped inside your head a new place where you can't express yourself it feels like you're trapped inside your head that there is like a person in there and no one can see that person and so the it the idea that there is like a person in there and no one can see that person and so the it the idea of being able to express myself through that was very important but then once i being able to express myself lewdly it was very important but then once i felt like i could do that i appreciated the whole while having a rich felt like i could do that i appreciated the whole while having their rich

their rich freshman language and all of those references available to me for share . their language and all of those references available to me for sure to a 14 year the russian like rich may sound very harsh are once heard before in the year the russian like rich may sound very harsh are once heard actress mila kunis say that when she has a conversation with her dad over the phone actress mila kunis say that when she has a conversation with her dad over the phone her american friends think that they're fighting even though they may be exchanging her american friends think that they're fighting even though they may be exchanging pleasantries or speaking to each other very nicely and. in poznan trees or speaking to each other very nicely and. i think spanish maybe talian maybe have the same i think spanish

maybe talian maybe have the same impression is it clear why certain languages turn to appear mole emote impression is it clear why certain languages turn to appear mohl emotive than others. while some languages sound harsher because they have 2 of them. while some languages sound. and harsher because they have a lot of fricative consonants like if you have a lot of sounds you have a lot of fricative consonants like if you have a lot of sounds in your language people tend to associate that with harshness and some language just sounds in your language people tend to associate that with harshness and some language just sounds very emotional because they use tone as part of the word meaning so for example mandarin or care emotional because they use tone as part of the word meaning so for example mandarin or cantonese if you hear people speaking that sometimes it sounds very emotional but and to needs if you

hear people speaking that sometimes it sounds very emotional but it's just because you use rising and falling tones to change the meaning of the words it's not but it's just because you use rising and falling tones to change the meaning of the words it's not actually meant to create a demotion so we tend to take certain sound actually meant to communicate emotion so we tend to take certain sounds as needing things even though they don't that's what i think content wise russians are forearms as needing things even though they don't this is what i think content wise russians are far more. comfortable with a good heated argument even them are more. comfortable with a good heated argument even the ultra cation that some of our british or german friends do you think the altercation then some of our british or german friends do you think the political tensions that russia sometimes. pass with the west from a political tension that russia sometimes. passive with the west may have anything

to do with the fact that rio is simply enjoying a good 5 have anything to do with the fact that rio is simply enjoying a good fight much more than they do. the russians definitely love being direct and that much more than they do. the russians definitely a lot. direct in that directness can be and argument. yeah and the question is whether directness can be and argument well yeah and the question is whether that. argument becomes emotional or personal or whether it's just the joy or that. argument becomes emotional or personal or whether it's just the joy of the argument . certainly in an english speaking context i had to learn for example of the argument. certainly in an english speaking context i had to learn for example to start my answers to even simple questions with i think or is to start my answers to

even simple questions with i think or it might be and i had to learn to do that even in math class where to be more indirect it might be and i had to learn to do that even in math class where to be more indirect to soften it so you have to hedge it so someone says what is 2 plus 5 to soften it so you have to hedge it so if someone says what is 2 plus 5 it's more polite to say i think it's. to say it's 7 it's more polite to say i think it's. to say it's 7 is just to say it 7 sounds rude. and that takes a little while to learn just to say it 7 sounds rude. and that takes a little while to learn and it seemed to me like it's obvious what the answer is and i don't need to say i think it did seem to me like it's obvious what the answer is and i don't need to say i think it's 7 it just is 7 in my personal life i have to interact with a lot of muslim people at 7 it just is 7 in my personal life i have to interact

with a lot of muslim people from various cultural backgrounds and they all have this common denominator of from various cultural backgrounds and they all have this common denominator of mailing so they're very non-committal in. trying to arrange for the billing so they're very noncommittal in. when you are trying to arrange them think of it always makes it hard to bear that you can a drawer and out something it always makes it hard to bear that you can a drawer an ounce or do you think it's. it's a war a cultural or do you thing it's a it's a war a cultural denominator or is it something the. language superimposes will denominator or is it something the. language superimposes on them. sometimes those things are reflections of the world that you live in right so if you live in them. sometimes those things are flexions of the world that you live in

right so if you live in a world that's very predictable then you could feel comfortable making promises about the future as in a world that's very predictable then you could feel comfortable making promises about the future but if you yourself live in the world that's not predictable and people around you are not real but if you yourself live in the world that's not predictable and people around you are not reliable and all kinds of events can occur then only a fool would be willing to prod liable and all kinds of events can occur then only a fool would be willing to promise things far in the future right so think about. on this things far in the future right so think about. the american context it's possible to go and get a loan for your house that it's a 50 year loan the american context it's possible to go and get a loan for your house that it's a 50 year loan now anyone who's willing to give you a 50 year loan believes that the economy alone now anyone who's willing to give you

a 50 year loan believes that the economy will be stable enough in his 2 years that the money that they've loaned to now will be worth the will be stable enough in his 2 years that the money that they've loaned to now will be worth a reasonable amount and there are lots of places in the world that would be an absurd thing to do on mt and there are lots of places in the world that. be an absurd thing to do so how reliable yourself can be has to depend on how reliable do so how reliable you yourself can be has to depend on how reliable the world is around you so the use of think often is to the world around you so the use of i think often is a reflection of living in the world that isn't stable itself it's very interesting and her reflection of living in a world that isn't stable itself it's very interesting i heard you say once the western cultures have a stronger and by you say once the western cultures have

a stronger bias for progress that's partially a function of how the conception or progress that's partially a function of how the conceptualize time time not only is moving but moving in a positive time time not only is moving but moving in a positive direction do you think this may be something of direction do you think this may be something that contributes to how they engage with the rest of the world being more assertive being perhaps of that contributes to how they engage with the rest of the world being more assertive being perhaps more expansion is both linguistically we've talked about the english being so widespread but more expansion is both linguistically we've talked about the english being so widespread but bowl also in other demain so it can all make political etc it's definitely normal in ingold also in other demain so it can all make political

etc it's definitely normal in english to think that you're at the agent in your life and that the way that anything is going to think that you are the agent in your life and that the way that anything is going to happen is that you have to make it happen and and that's your role is to try to make things to happen is that you have to make it happen and and that's your. role is to try to make things happen and to make change and to make progress and that's often how we define is happening to make change and to make progress and that's often how we define what is good how much change and progress has been made as opposed to for example how much what is good how much change and progress has been made as opposed to for example how much things have stayed the same or how relatively calm things if things had stayed the same or how relatively calm things have been or how much you preserved. so that is a set of cultural norms in or how much you preserve. so that is

a set of cultural norms and it's reflected in some structure in the language it's definitely the way that worms and it's reflected in some structure in the language it's definitely the way that we have been defining good. and cultural we have been defining good. in cultural. time for for quite a while in the west i also heard. the time for for quite a while in the west i also heard you say that. you wanted your new acquaintances of your russian you say that. you wanted your new acquaintances of your russian heritage fairly early in your conversation otherwise they would be heritage fairly early in your conversation otherwise they would be suspicious has it always been the case or is it the a relatively new phenomenon for your following suspicious has it always been the

case or is it the a relatively new phenomenon for your following the 2016 elections and the russia gave scandal now it's an it's a long maybe 2016 elections and the russia gave scandal now it's it's a longstanding thing the way i speak english now it sounds like an american english speaker to most ending thing the way i speak english now it sounds like an american english speaker to most people i have a slight affan but most people don't hear it. and so some people have a slight affan but most people don't hear it. and so if someone has met me and known me for a couple weeks and they then later one has met me and known me for a couple weeks and they then later learn that i spent the 1st 12 years living in the soviet union they are learning that i spent the 1st 12 years living in the soviet union they feel like they're something like secretive or strange about me it's always feel like there's something like secretive or strange about me it's

almost like i'm putting on an american accent even though this is really the only way i know how to speak english and it was like i'm putting on an american accent even though this is really the only way i know how to speak english i don't have another way of doing it do you think that feeling that suspicion have another way of doing it do you think that feeling that the suspicion that was there even before the 2016 election got amplifies and that was the. even before the 2016 election got up with by following. the election of the long term. i don't feel that following. the election of the long term. i don't feel that definitely russia has more on the minds of people now than it was before that and by definitely russia has more on the minds of people now than it was before that and. i think it's more that people very strongly associate that i think it's more that people very strongly associate

the way that you use language with your identity so you expect very clear way that you use language with your identity so you expect very quickly it can make lots and lots of decision social decisions about someone by the way that they quickly can make lots and lots of decisions social decisions about someone by the way that they talk and so we expect to be able to tell lots and lots of things about people in their eye doctor and so we expect to be able to tell lots and lots of things about people and their identity by listening to them talk and so it's shocking when. by listening to them talk and so it's shocking when the language that someone is speaking in the way they're using language that somehow seems at disco language that someone is speaking in the way they're using language that somehow seems at discontinuity with their identity then you feel like well what else is this person hiding continuity with their identity then you feel like well what else is this

person hiding how can they sound so i frantically american when in fact it's a lie now how can they sound so i frantically american when in fact it's a lie now since you mentioned sophisticated for keppler let me ask you a question about donald trump as the linguist since you mentioned sophisticated for keppler let me ask you a question about donald trump as the linguistic phenomenon because. many people would argue that phenomenon. because. many people would argue the particular is somewhat simple even primitive i know a lot of english these particular is somewhat simple even primitive i know a lot of english learners who feel proud of the own progress when they hear it's the american presence learners who feel proud of the all progress when they hear it's the american presence that the that kind of that matter over the edge that has contradicted of the up there mary for effect speech has proved very effective with

his own base how do you explain that perhaps the 2 with his own base how do you explain that perhaps the alec one as a prerequisite for american politicians have been over alec once as a prerequisite for american politicians have been overrated well i think different politicians appeal to different groups of people right so the eloquent tolerate well i think different politicians appeal to different groups of people right so the eloquent politicians appeal to a different segment of the populace really i mean he didn't the titians appeal to a different segment of the populace really i mean he didn't face the strong over competition the part of the population that was there in the face the strong over competition the part of the population that was very excited sides and temple for exam for the f.l. of the and eloquence for the for obama obama are not the same as people saying that

her appeal exploded into that for her excited for the intellect the intellect and went out and trumped all right i'll try to present this as a probably to 2 separate separate groups of people have people feel a sense of different different different people people and different things but. he has and that different things but. he he's a master of using very simple emotionally loaded language of using very simple emotionally loaded language that is that creates very quick sound bites for people to hold on to that is that creates very quick sound bites for people to hold on to and he's also a master of possible deniability where he can say something and he's also a master of possible deniability where he can say something and claim to both mean it and not mean it at the same time so he can say we're going to and claimed to both mean it and not mean it at the same time so he can say we're going to build

a wall and he could say well it's a metaphorical wall and really i'm just talking about borders and build a wall and he could say well it's a metaphorical wall and really i'm just talking about border security but the next breath he'll say it'll be made of cement and it will be 30 feet tall and it'll security but the next breath will say it'll be made of cement into will be 30 feet tall and it'll have do you think he's deliberate that you're causing hume of this linguistic manipulations or do you think do you think he's deliberate that you're accusing him of these linguistic manipulations or do you think that's just a human or being very articulate i think we expect that's just the humor being very articulate i think we expect different things from different speakers and he has created a persona where he is different things from different speakers and he has created a persona where he's allowed a lot more than lots of other people so if your identity as a speaker is allowed a lot more than lots of other people so if your identity as

a speaker is that you are you have 100 percent for acidy that you're in or you're very technical or you're going to be is that you are you have 100 percent for acidy that you're in or you're very technical or you're going to be correct in the details then when you make a little mistakes people are going to hold you to that's a correct in the details then when you make a little mistake. people are going to hold you to that standard that is set for yourself but that's not the standard that he set for himself and so he standard that is set for yourself but that's not the standard that he set for himself and so he has asked us to engage with him as this much more loose speaker and has asked us to engage with him as this much more loose speaker and so that gives him an incredible latitude to say things that he that and can claim he both meant and didn't mean so that gives him an incredible latitude to say things that he then can claim he both meant and didn't mean and i think he's not alone i think of it that may go beyond some because there was an interesting study by grammar only and i think he's not alone i think of it that may go beyond some because there was an

interesting study by grammar only recently which found that the use of last complex language correlated recently which found that the use of last complex language correlated with higher poll numbers at least for the republicans and i think that's a very interesting phenomenon because we have higher poll numbers at least for the republicans and i think that's a very interesting phenomenon because we're kind of used to politicians trying to appear smarter than they are but. kind of used to politicians trying to appear smarter than they are but. for the politicians to appear. linguistically sophisticated for the politicians to appear. linguistically sophisticated than they are in them putting it in terms is pretty unusual do you think that's there are in them putting it in polite terms is pretty unusual do you think that's a big challenge to get dumber than you are in reality the big challenge to get dumber than you are in reality i mean you can use simple language and say really

smart things it's a simple language and you can use simple language and say really smart things it's a simple language the idea i think is to say things that people can understand and importantly will remember dia i think is to say things that people can understand and. importantly will remember most people who are thinking about politics aren't thinking about it most of the day they're thinking about their life most people who are thinking about politics aren't thinking about it most of the day they're thinking about their life and things they need to do to feed their families and do their job and all that and so those medicines and things they need to do to feed their families and do their job and all that and so those little sound bites that they get have to be both understandable and them are all a little sound bites that they get have to be both understandable in them or bill and so whichever way into an essential will be whichever way you get there in addition she simples the language even there in his letter saying some quibble with

language or visits language or language that really connects with people and whistles that really lives and what is next with people different lives in a way whatever or way i think that's going to be think that you know fact is going to be affected. by napoleon look for the finest people the fall of a lot of people and a blooming waning twitter or on twitter on both the success of trump and the emergence of this hashtag culture when you are under both the success of trump and the emergence of this hashtag culture when you are under of the gate which again to compression to compress very very complex called sidewalks ideas that he and does that are into a couple of if you care if you characterize them victories and that's not only stimulus here to be more eloquent but i think it all out not only stimulus here to be more eloquent but i think it also develops a certain appetite among the public for a very simplistic processing of idea for who develops a certain appetite among the public for very simplistic processing of ideas are you

concerned about that or is it a natural phenomenon are you concerned about that or is it a natural phenomenon. well i think it's wonderful that lots of people are participating in the public square. but i think it's wonderful that lots of people are pretty. so fading in the public square and are able to state their opinions and participate in the air and are able to state their opinions and participate in the in the conversation i think it does change very much the nature of the cut in the conversation i think it does change very much the nature of the conversation when it is so abbreviated and so decontextualized where you are station when it is so abbreviated and so decontextualized where you don't know who you're talking to you don't know where they're coming from and also the engine emitting a lot of they don't know who you're talking to you don't know where they're coming

from also the engine emitting a lot of the interactions leaves a lot of room for aggression aggressive behavior interactions leaves a lot of room for aggression aggressive behavior that you know you feel like if you can act like a jerk because people won't know who you are and what they want that you know and you feel like you can act like a jerk because people won't know who you are and that they won't punish you so i think they're both pluses and minuses with any platform that punish you so i think they're both pluses and minuses with any platform with any technology it's a matter of how we use it for somebody it's been a great pleasure talking to you think about any technology it's a matter of how we use it for somebody it's been a great pleasure talking to you thank you very much for thinking so much for having me encourage our viewers to keep this conversation going and are so much for you so much for having me encourage our viewers to keep this conversation going in our social media pages and hope to see same place same time here in the wilds of media pages and hope to see same place same time here in a while it's

a part of. part of.

oh i'm .

please. please. liz. liz. it's. just slow. slow slow. looked. looked.

very well now can see you watching us inside. and a very warm welcome to you you're watching us inside. join me every 1st day on the i like simon field. join me every. time i'm sure. i'm sure. i'm sure. i'll see you then. i'll see you then.

russia's foreign minister says the u.s. invasion of iraq will lead to the rise of. russia's foreign minister says the us invasion of iraq will lead to the rise of islamic state and of the group's leader killed by the americans last week was washington's own state and of the group's leader killed by the americans last week was washington's own creation. you know the. united states. you know the creation of the united states islamic states most of the lead was innovation in the collapse of the iraqis islamic states most of the elite was innovation in the collapse of the iraqi state when extremists were held by the americans or set free the british governments when extremists who held by the americans were set free the british government suspends shale gas fracking due to environmental concerns but the opposition calls it a spends shale gas fracking due to environmental concerns but the opposition calls

it a pre-election stunt and demands a permanent ban. and demands a permanent ban. thousands . thousands rally and chill a over failing public services and growing inequality. over failing public services and the growing inequality.