believe that we simply perceive reality the way that it is in fact we know that there are many of us believe that we simply perceive reality the way that it is in fact we know through many years of psychological experiments so that's very far from the truth we don't see things of psychological experiments so that's very far from the truth we don't see things just the way that they are instead the world that we the internal world we live in is highly consist the way that they are instead the world that we the internal world we live in is highly constructed by the structures of our brains but also by the structures of our language instructed by the structures of our brains but also by the structures of our languages and cultures that tell us how to put things together you often talk about the cultures that tell us how to put things together you often talk about the symbiotic and lean forcing relationship it's been language and cause symbiotic and lead forcing relationship it's been language and culture and it's very hard for me personally to

resist thinking about ultra and it's very hard for me personally to resist thinking about that relationship in cheek in that terms enough to sort of struggling with it for some time my relationship in cheek in that terms enough to sort of struggling with it for some time i wonder if it's actually a fitting metaphor or not in terms of what comes 1st but the terms of i wonder if it's actually a fitting metaphor or not in terms of what comes 1st but the terms of how the to encapsulate reproduce one another yeah so how did to encapsulate reproduce one another yeah so i think of language as a part of culture language is a really good way to i think of language as a part of culture language is a really good way to make a part of culture very long term and universally distributed make a part of culture very long term and universally distributed so. if i make

something like grammatical gender a part of the language well so if i make something like dramatically gender a part of the language well all speakers of that language are going to have to use that structure it's not going to be optional if you're speaking right all speakers of that language you're going to have to use that structure it's not going to be optional if you're speaking russian you can't just speak russian and not use grammatical gender no one's going to recognize you as a real russian you can't just speak russian and not use grammatical gender no one's going to recognize you as a real russian speakers and so it becomes something that's then universally distributed through the questions speakers and so it becomes something that's then universally distributed through the culture and the languages can lose genders can add genders that process is going to have to all chipped in the languages can lose genders can add genders that process is going to have to take a very long time whereas other cultural practices can come and go much more fluidly take a very long time whereas other cultural practices can come and go much more fluidly and they only affect some portions of the body but how far do you extract and they

only affect some portions of the body but how far do you extrapolate from that relationship the fact that english and to some extent russian and both adding to their copulate from death relationship the fact that english and to some extent russian and both added to their quick to assign blame or responsibility does it have anything to do with the quick to assign blame or responsibility does it have anything to do with the incarceration rates in the united states and the russia being among the world's highest incarceration rates in the united states and then russia being among the world's highest it's really hard to draw a straight line from language to a statistic like that because it's really hard to draw a straight line from language to a statistic like that because there are so many other factors that also will play and so we would have to do it because there are so many other factors that also will play and so we would have to do a. careful study trying to

a lot is that even possible defeating your very careful study trying to a lot is that even possible do you think you can design a study like to prove that connection the reason it would be hard to do in the real game design a study like to probe a connection the reason it would be hard to do in the real world is because if we're going country by country there aren't actually that many countries in the world as big if we're going country by country there aren't actually that many countries in the world and so you very quickly run out of statistical power that's a technical answer to your question world and so you very quickly run out of statistical power that's a technical answer to your question but you could do expect some smaller scale experiments where you but you could do expect some smaller scale experiments where you ask people to make judgements about. blame and punishment ask people to make judgements about. blame and punishment when they're seeking one language or another

or when they've been exposed to more attentively when they're sticking one language or another or when they've been exposed to more attentive language or less attentive language and see if they make different judgments we use the example of just in winter a less attentive language and see if they make different judgments we use the example of justin timberlake and janet jackson having a wardrobe malfunction at the super bowl if we can janet jackson having a wardrobe malfunction at the super bowl if we say timberlake rips the costume. people are much more likely to blame a timberlake rips the costume. people are much more likely to blame timberlake and they also want to charge him 53 percent more in fines than if we say timberlake and they also want to charge him 53 percent more in fines than if we say the costume ripped even though they're watching the same video now you may the costume ripped even though they're watching the same video now you mention. langridge to

universally descension. language to universally distribute certain practices in english clearly is the lingo are all in practice as an english clearly is the lingo are all. times. do we end this band are there any indication times. do we end this band are there any indications of why it has been able to gain such a status isn't because it's relatively easy why it has been able to gain such a status isn't because it's relatively easy to learn compared to other languages are out there perhaps all the crackpots contributing to that is it to learn compared to other languages are out there perhaps alba cracked or contributing to that probably economic factors are the most important where probably economic factors are the most important where english speaking countries are

driving a lot of economic growth and a lot of innovation that's are english speaking countries are driving a lot of economic growth and a lot of innovation that spreads to the rest of the world a lot of places want to then speak english so they can participate heads to the rest of the world a lot of places want to then speak english so they can participate in the trade or participate in the tourist industry whatever whatever it is that makes it paid in the trade or participate in the tourist industry whatever whatever it is that makes sense for them but you know lots of other languages have held sway that's for them but you know lots of other languages have held sway at other times often we look at a particular historic moment and at other times often we look at a particular historic moment and say oh english has taken over soon everyone which i speak english the amount of time a glitch has taken over soon everyone which i speak english the amount of time they . english has been dominant has actually had very tiny portion of historical time

compared to say and that english has been dominant has actually had very tiny portion of historical time compared to say the greek empire the roman empire obviously of all other language the greek empire the roman empire obviously of all other languages english comes with its own cultural baggage and i wonder as you say english comes with its own cultural baggage and i wonder as a both a scholar and a speaker of english is there anything in it as a both a scholar and a speaker of english is there anything in it. you either don't like or perhaps find you imposing. you either don't like or perhaps find to be imposing. well you know in any language. they're going to be some well you know in any language. they're going to be some things that are required and then they're going

to be some things that are optional and adam things that are required and then they're going to be some things that are optional and. for example right now there's a big debate in english a badge and or pronouns for example right now there's a big debate in english a badge entered pronouns right so. 3rd person singular pronouns he and she is right so as in 3rd person singular pronouns he and she in english are gendered and some people are arguing that we shouldn't have them in english are gendered and some people are arguing that we shouldn't have them or. we shouldn't introduce mutual pronouns or. we shouldn't introduce mutual pronouns or use that singular day. i think. or use that singular day. i think a night. design for

a language in that situation would be to make gender optional something you can market nice design for a language in that situation would be to make gender optional so that you can market when it's necessary or relevant and not market when it's not relevant when it's necessary or relevant and not market when it's not relevant so it would be interesting to see what english would look like if you could get rid of gender it would be interesting to see what english would look like if you could get rid of gender marking on 3rd person printer it's the same way that english already does it mark gender on for an arcane on 3rd person printer it's the same way that english already doesn't mark gender on 1st person pronouns like i and we or 2nd person like you said the person pronoun is like i and we or 2nd person like you said do the same thing for a 3rd person pronouns but that make it optional to be able to do the same thing for a 3rd person pronouns but that make it optional to be able to market when you want

this is actually a very interesting subject because. to mark it when you really want this is actually a very interesting subject because. there are a lot of efforts of the we policing the language of the english language there but there are a lot of efforts of the we policing the language that english language their political correctness but actually law just plating it for example in canada there where there was a controversy ethical correctness but actually law just lading it for example in canada there where there was a controversy a few years ago about. why do you stay a few years ago about. why do you think jendayi such a controversial category for. controversial category for english speaking world because arguably this is you know a part of the world english speaking world because arguably this is you know a part of the world where. gender quality is at its highest. gender

equality is at its highest. well i think one reason is that we tend to believe that the structures of our law i think one reason is that we tend to believe that the structures of our language reflect reality and so if in your language there are 2 categories he and she may language reflect reality and so if in your language there are 2 categories he and she male and female most people then believe that those are the 2 relevant categories and everyone should go and female most people then believe that those are the 2 relevant categories and everyone should be divided into those. but if people come around and say hey i don't feel like i fit he divided into this. but if people come around and say hey i don't feel like i fit into either category i want to be some other category that creates into either category i want to be some other category that creates a lot of conflict interpersonal conflict in the moment social conflict and at

a lot of conflict interpersonal conflict in the moment social conflict and if the issue is simply linguistic preference that's a very simple thing to fix you just have that if the issue is simply linguistic preference that's a very simple thing to fix you just have it a neutral neutral way to what you say it's a simple thing to fix a neutral neutral way what you say it's a simple thing to fix and yet i heard you say that pronounce as close to a close class words are and yet i heard you say that pronounce as close close class words are particularly difficult is super imposed we also i think particular difficulty is super imposed the we also i think similar cases within the one they're trying to introduce the the neutral problem that are similar cases within the one they're trying to introduce the the neutral pronoun. so in the swedish case

that they introduce 10. so in the swedish case that they introduce 10 as this singular 3rd person neither male or female and there actually were this singular 3rd person it's neither male or female and there actually were some recent studies showing that if you remind people of the use of pen in make city some recent study showing that if you remind people of the use of pen in makes it easier for them to imagine people who are not men in positions of power so easier for them to imagine people who are not men in positions of power so for example if you give them a neutral story like this person is considering running for public office for example if you give them a neutral story like this person is considering running for public office government office tell me more about this person the likelihood that they'll imagine a woman government office tell me more about this person the likelihood that they'll imagine a woman goes up if they've heard the use of the word hen recently so it's up if

they've heard the use of the word hen recently so it's said jess that that kind of study suggests that introducing a new tricks suggests that that kind of study suggests that introducing a neutral option kind of opens people opens people up to think about things that are beyond all option kind of opens people opens people up to think about things that are beyond what's written is not exactly a country where women cannot progress career mond but sweden is not exactly a country where women cannot progress career letter i mean in terms of their representative most of women the. letter i mean in terms of their representative most of women the positions i think it's pretty good when i was a matter of degree or positions i think it's pretty good when i was a matter of degree. i mean even in

a really good situation you can still i mean that's leads me to i mean even in really good situation you can still i mean that leads me to kind of wonder if english is increasingly becoming of you kind of wonder if english is increasingly becoming a vehicle for progressivist politics because when i was studying it and i was studying is the call for progressivist politics because when i was studying it and i was studying it as an adult and i was studying it together with turkish and turkish you just learn you know as an adult and i was studying it together with turkish and turkish you just learn you know vocabulary and grammar but the thing with you have to learn a lot of political vocabulary and grammar but with english you have to learn a lot of political concepts like gender equality sexism male hierarchy concepts like gender equality sexism male hierarchy or male dominance whatever i mean all

those ideas that i near and dear to the american here or a male dominance whatever i mean all those ideas that i near and dear to the american left his but i'm not necessarily universal is it even possible been left his but i'm not necessarily universal is it even possible these days to separate english as the language of international communication from day to separated english as the language of international communication from english as a language of them american political worldview you know languages and live english as a language of them american political worldview you know languages and living things where they're always changing terrific life the needs of the people who are crafting them and so i think things where there are always changing terrific life the needs of the people who are crafting them and so when you're in the middle of one of those changes it always feels uncomfortable because it's a negotiate when you're in the middle of one of those changes it always feels uncomfortable because it's a negotiate. and one group of people may be pushing for one thing in the group of

people are pushing for another 1001 group of people may be pushing for one thing in the group of people are pushing for another thing but english hasn't been english in its current form for a very long thing but english hasn't been english in its current form for a very long so it's the most normal thing in fact in the history of any language that it should change and should continue so it's the most normal thing in fact in the history of any language that it should change and should continue to change in english english has been very very dynamic and so new to change in english english has been very very dynamic and so. i hope that as a new living object it continues to reflect the i hope that as a new living object it continues to reflect the values that people want the things that stick around in the language of the things that people find the values that people want the things that stick around in the language of the things that people find useful but then those can still continue to change and so and useful but

then those can still continue to change and so if a change in pronouns happens now and then in 200 years people decide actually if a change in pronouns happens now and then in 200 years people decide actually one a different set of pronouns all together there are some new set of things we discover one a different set of pronouns all together about there are some new set of these type things to discover mins or you can build no does it. it's one thing when it's about how to types of humans you can build those into but it's one thing when it happens naturally as a matter of linguistic evolution and it's another thing when you puns naturally as a matter and with evolution and it's another thing when you try to men date it's the law actually i mean in this obvious history in the early soviet history we have tried to men date it's the law actually i mean in this obvious history in the early soviet history we have some exam. about and it wasn't very effective do you general

believe in him examples of that and it wasn't very effective do you general believe in forcing thoughtful change through manipulating or mandating changes that we're seeing thoughtful change through manipulating or mandating changes in the language . i think it's extremely unlikely that it's in the language. i think it's extremely unlikely that a change would stick on less people the people who actually use the language find it useful or all change would stick on less people the people who actually use the language find it useful or helpful right so lots of things can be mandated but they don't actually get used in everyday life all right so lots of things can be mandated but they don't actually get used in everyday life and history is full of examples like that where there is some change that's forced and history is full of examples like that where there is some change that's forced from on high some

decision that's made and it just doesn't stick and it doesn't actually get from on high as some decision that's made and it just doesn't stick and it doesn't actually get used by people in real conversation or people if people do use it it's only to make fun of it used by people in real conversation or people if people do use it it's only to make fun of it only ironically right and so the things that will actually stick around are language ultimate only ironically right and so the things that will actually stick around a language ultimately are things that people find useful for communicating the things that they want to communicate and they are things that people find useful for communicating things that they want to communicate to professor brady is going to have to take a very short break now but we will be back in just a few moments to get professor brady is going to have to take a very short break now but we'll be back in just a few moments stay tuned. good

politicians. good politicians to do something to. put themselves on the line to get exclusively to. put themselves on the line they get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president of the federal reject. so when you want to be president. or somehow want to be for us. that's a right to be for us as a white woman for freedom or. some people would be good for want of the rest. of us

that it's a right to be for us as a white woman for us freedom or can't be good for that. interested old always wins in the water was idealism of our policies. first place 6. in this us. and.

for unions. and. for unions. it's rational. it's rational. design a lot of need a thief. designed for a lot of needy thief. zoom in. zoom.

in. more than a natural. for the next financial. little. by. little. the people who are printing the money don't rely on taxes to. the people who are printing the money don't rely on taxes to get wealthy they're not part of the real economy that's

a does the same thing as saying that rulers of some get wealthy they're not part of the real economy that's a does the same thing as saying the rulers of saudi arabia rely on the wages of the people living in saudi arabia to get rowdy arabia rely on the wages of the people living in saudi arabia to get rich they they don't they just print more or pump more oil so enrich they they don't they just print more or pump more oil so in the america the princes that run our economy just print more money they don't need the workers in america the princes that run our economy just print more money they don't need the workers they don't need their taxes. that's why they hate us phone why they don't wait don't have why. there's been a there's been a business service or a charade because they're on their own need it. back

it was cold hard. coking back to world. particularly out of what i did ski associate professor of science at the university of california with the layout of what i did ski associate professor of science at the university of california san diego professor burgess get know that you're very fond of. professor burgess getto that you're very passionate advocate of linguistic and cultural diversity as well as multilingual is mezzeh way all cultural diversity as well as multilingual is mezzeh way all experiencing live. to bouts of your

experiencing live. to bouts of your ability how many languages were now for you personally to made about transition ability how many languages were enough for you personally to maybe got transition from what you call and i released them to a relative to what you call and i released them to a relative one that's where the definitely made that transition and i think it's very hard to it's hard to get away from one that's for the definitely made that transition and i think it's very hard to it's hard to get away from name field isn't. speaking russian isn't plain language and then at i had to learn english speaking russian as my native language and then i had to learn english from my family immigrated to the us and i speak some terrible french and spanish from my family immigrated to the us and as poor student in the same town in marble french and little bits and pieces you are very very humble poor in person and as well well

indonesian and little bits and pieces you are a very humble person as well well into the indonesians been a very sudden to base a nation a sacred a that was their main fareed and it comes and it's so they said they say that my intonation and that's good but french speakers are less kind so. it's going to be about your russian friends because they're less kind so. i'm speaking about your russian i heard you say do. when your family moved to the united stirred you say during one talk. when your family moved to the united states you refused to speak russian for one year later or if you won few to. russian for one year because you want to dust for it to fit in did you have a chance to overcome the t. to fit in did you have a chance to overcome the teenage rebellion and did you have a chance to appreciate or sort of bremer in the rebellion and did you have

a chance to appreciate or sort of remember in russian again you grew older i definitely learned to appreciate speaking russian the russian they grew older i definitely learned to appreciate speaking russian later in life since. i had a psych i was one it to me would be men and women created i felt like i wanted to be cool like a military like an intimate and. then. when i saw this important my social identity then it would be able to commit me into a kid be able to go and can lean in a cage and. just to be where you leave it to just to be able to joke. with your went in the mirror in the new place where you can't express yourself it feels like you're trapped inside your head a new place where you can't express yourself it feels like you're trapped inside

your head that there is like a person in there and no one can see that person and so the it the idea of being able to that there is like a person in there and no one can see that person and so the it the idea of being able to express myself lewdly it was very important. but then once i felt like i can express myself lewdly it was very important. but then once i felt like i can do that i appreciated a whole lot. having they're rich they're rich retinue that i appreciated a whole lot having their rich their rich freshman language and all of those references available to me for sure to a foreign language and all of those references available to me for sure to a 14 year the russian like rich may sound very harsh are once heard actress near the russian language may sound very harsh are once heard actress mila kunis say that when she has a conversation with her dad over the phone. when you say that she has a conversation with her dad over the phone her american friends think that they're

fighting even though they may be exchanging part of the american friends think that they're fighting even though they may be exchanging pleasantries or speaking to each other very nicely and. i think trees or speaking to each other very nicely and . i think spanish maybe talian maybe have the same impressing spanish maybe talian maybe have the same impression is it clear why certain languages tend to appear mole emotive is it clear why certain language is time to appear mole emotive than others what's been obvious. is that also a high in the village a lot a sound harsher because they have a lot. of confidence like a fabric to live. in it and and having your whole language sounds in your language

people tend to associate that with harshness and some language just sounds very emotional because people tend to associate that with harshness and some language just sounds very emotional because they use tone as part of the word meaning so for example mandarin or cantonese because they use tone as part of the word meaning so for example mandarin or cantonese if you hear it or if you speak out. tap into the sound very intentional into that it's just very emotional but it's just because you use rise you. can challenge the millington of their own words and. not . meant to actually meant to communicate emotion so. to and to take certain so. as not to take certain sounds as needing things even though they don't this is what i think content wise russians are for are things even though they don't this is what i think content wise russians are far more.

comfortable with a good heated argument even them. comfortable with a good heated argument even the altercation that some of our british germination friends bring to. the political middleton friends do you think the political times that russia sometimes. house with the west me actions that russia sometimes. passive with the west may have anything to do with the fact that rio is simply enjoying a good life much more that have anything to do with the fact that rio is simply enjoying a good fight much more than they do. the russians definitely love being direct and that directness can be due to the russians definitely love being direct and that directness can be and the argument goes well yeah and the question is whether that and the argument goes well yeah and the question is whether that. argument

becomes emotional or personal or whether it's just the joy of the art. argument becomes emotional or personal or whether it's just the joy of the argument. certainly in an english speaking context i had to learn for example to limit. certainly in an english speaking context i had to learn for example to start my answers to even simple questions with i think or it might be. art my answer is to even simple questions with i think or it might be and i had to learn to do that even in math class where to be more indirect. and i had to learn to do that even in math class where to be more indirect to soften it so you have to hedge it so someone says what is 2 plus 5 soften it so you have to hedge it so someone says what is 2 plus 5 it's more political so i think it's a i think. it's 7 it's just a simple thing to say it's 7 is just to say it 7 sounds rude. and that takes

a little while to learn 7 sounds rude. and that takes a little while to learn and it seemed to me like it's not that obvious what the answer is and i don't need to say i think it's 7 seem to me like it's not that obvious what the answer is and i don't need to say i think it's 7 it just is 7 in my personal life i have to interact with a lot of muslim people from just as 7th in my personal life i have to interact with a lot of muslim people from various cultural backgrounds and they all have this common denominator of with mailings of various cultural backgrounds and they all have this common denominator of a lot with mailing so they're very non-committal in his friend you are trying to arrange for them things so they're very non-committal in his friend you are trying to arrange them things it always makes it hard to bear that the drawer and mounts are it always makes it hard to bear that the drawer and mounts or do you think it's

. more a cultural denominator from do you think it's. more a cultural denominator or is it something. langridge super bowl has its own there or is it something the. language barrier blows on them. some time but this is something timed things are flourishing flexion terms of the world know that you live it live right and it's a great if you might live it doesn't know you we're live in a world that's very fair predictable troll 6 so then you will could feel comfortable the new film could they can push you around oklahoma is about the future but if you will making promises about the future but if you yourself live in the world that's not predictable and people around yourself you live in the or are older and that's not berlin it viable and people in or around you are not reliable and all that kind all kinds of events can occur or that they don't only only a fool with the we're willing to put promise listings and far in the future great so think about. the american car in the future right so think about.

the american context it's possible to go and get a loan for your house that it's a 50 year loan context it's possible to go and get a loan for your house that it's a 50 year loan now anyone who's willing to give you a 50 year loan believes that the economy will be so now anyone who's willing to give you a 50 year loan believes that the economy will be stable enough in the 50 years that the money that they've loaned you now will be worth stable enough in his 2 years that the money that they've loaned you now will be worth all mouth and there are lots of places in the world that would be an absurd thing all mouth and. lots of places in the world that would be an absurd thing to do. house or a low level how your life i will give you that yourself and as to how to pass to depend hand and rely rely will the world is around use the use of and shall i think

often is a reflective surround use the use of and shall i think often is a reflection of living in a world that isn't stable itself it's very interesting in her. living in a world that isn't stable itself it's very interesting i heard you say once the western cultures have a stronger bias for say one western cultures have a stronger bias for progress and that's partially a function of how the conceptualized progress that's partially a function of how the conceptualize time time not only is moving but moving in a positive i'm time not only is moving but moving in a positive direction do you think this may be something. direction do you think this may be something that contributes to how they engage with the rest of the world being more assertive being perhaps more to how they

engage with the rest of the world being more assertive being perhaps more expansion is both linguistically you talked about the english being so widespread but bowl expansion is both linguistically you talked about the english being so widespread but bowl also in the other demain sic nomic political etc it's definitely normal in english to think also in other domains economic political etc it's definitely normal in english to think that you are the agent in your life and that the way that anything is going to happen is that you are the agent in your life and that the way that anything is going to happen is that you have to make it happen and and that's your role is to try to make things happen and that you have to make it happen and and that's your role is to try to make things happen and to make change and to make progress and that's often how we define what is good to make change and to make progress and that's often how we define what is good how much change and progress has been made as opposed to for example

a much things that's how much change and progress has been made as opposed to for example how much things have stayed the same or how relatively calm things have been. stayed the same or how relatively calm things have been or how much you've preserved. so that is a set of cultural norms and how much you preserve. so that is a set of cultural norms and it's reflected in some structure in the language it's definitely the way that we have been reflected in some structure in the language it's definitely the way that we have been defining good. and cultural defining good. in cultural. time for for quite a while in the west i also heard you say the time for for quite a while in the west i also heard you say. what are in your

new york what were the unique communes looked. fairly early early early in the early in your can in your contract for a station other why they're wise they would they would be suspicious suspicious have you know how it's been said all the boys been you started it is it is or is it the. new familiar phenomenon all of them for you or your fall or following going to do to pump all the things that. russia gave her gave go and oh no no it's a it's a it's a long thing ending thing the way i speak english now it sounds like an american english speaker to most people the way i speak english now it sounds like an american english speaker to most people have a slight accent but most people don't hear it. and so if someone has met i have a slight accent but most people don't hear it. and so if someone has met me me and there's. no known me for a cup or

a couple weeks and they then and then later later learn and learn that i spent the 1st 12 years living in and so the in. that i spent the 1st 12 years living in and so the in the feel like there's something like secret or strange about me it's almost like i'm feel like there's something like secret or strange about me it's almost like i'm putting on an american accent even though this is really the only way i know how to speak english and putting on an american accent even though this is really the only way i know how to speak english i don't have another way of doing it do you think about filling the suspicion that was going to have another way of doing it do you think about filling the suspicion that was there. even before the 2016 election god put 5 fold there even before the 2016 election god why following. the election of donald trump. i don't feel that

definitely. the election of donald trump. i don't feel that definitely russia has more on the minds of people now than it was before that and by russia is more on the minds of people now than it was before that and. i think it's more that people very strongly associate the way that you i think it's more that people very strongly associate the way that you use language with your identity so you expect you know this larry thing which we had with your identity so you expect very quickly to make lots and lots of decisions social decisions about someone by the way that they talk can make lots and lots of decisions social decisions about someone by the way that they talk and so we expect to be able to tell lots and lots of things about people in their identity and so we expect to be able to tell lots and lots of things about people in their identity by listening to them talk and so it's shocking when the language by listening to them talk and so it's shocking when

the language that someone is speaking in the way they're using language that somehow seems at discontinuity that someone is speaking in the way they're using language that somehow seems at discontinuity with their identity then you feel like well what else is this person hiding here with their identity then you feel like well what else is this person hiding how can they sound so i offend tickly american when in fact it's a lie now how can they sound so i frantically american when in fact it's a lie now since you mentioned sophisticated for keppler let me ask your question about donald trump as the linguistic phenomenon sions a few stick a tit for kevlar let me ask you a question about donald trump as the linguistic phenomenon because this. many people what i mean are the people of the will argue that everybody there is somewhat 7 people and it was pretty later if i missed it on what i know and

a lot of all english learners even primitive i know a lot of english learners who feel proud of that. all in progress was when they base here today here it's the american american present there isn't that the f. the f. that kind of the matter of speech has proved very effective that kind of the matter of speech has proved very effective with his own with that he has already explained they seem to explain fresh having to be fresh kept the book alec once as a prerequisite for american politicians have been overrated. as a prerequisite for american politicians have been overrated well i think different politicians appeal to different groups of people right so they eloquent politicians well i think different politicians appeal to different groups of people right so the eloquent politicians appeal to a different segment of the populace really i mean he didn't appeal to

a different segment of the populace really i mean he didn't face strong over competition the part of the population that was very excited for the strong over competition the part of the population that was very excited for example for the eloquence of iraq obama are not the same people that are excited for the in alexandra for the eloquence of barack obama are not the same people that are excited for the in the eloquence of donald trump right those are probably 2 separate groups of people so different different people different from donald trump right those are probably 2 separate groups of people some different different people and different things but. he he's a master of things but. he he's a master of using very simple emotionally loaded language of using very simple emotionally loaded language that is creates very quick sound bites for people to hold on to and that is that creates very quick sound bites for

people to hold on to and he's also a master of possible deniability where he can say something and he's also a master of plausible deniability where he can say something and claim to both mean it and not mean it at the same time so he can say we're going to build and claim to both mean it and not mean it at the same time so he can say we're going to build a wall and he could say well it's a metaphorical wall and really i'm just talking about border security the wall and he could say well it's a metaphorical wall and really i'm just talking about border security but the next breath he'll say it'll be made of cement and it will be 30 feet tall and it will have but the next breath will say it'll be made of cement and it will be 30 feet tall and it'll have do you think he's deliberate that you're cruising hume of these linguistic manipulations or do you think that's just what you think he's deliberate that you're cruising hume of these linguistic manipulations or do you think that's just the human or being very articulate i think we expect different but humanoid

being very articulate i think we expect different things it's from being difference from beaker a difference in front he has since been created in the debates or so in the know way where it's. a persona where he's allowed a lot more than lots of other people so if your identity as a speaker is that you want a lot more than lots of other people so if your identity as a speaker is that you are you have 100 percent for acidy that your or your very technical or you're going to be correct are you have 100 percent for acidy that your or your very technical or you're going to be correct in the details then when you make a little mistakes people are going to hold you to that standard that in the details then when you make a little mistakes. people are going to hold you to that standard that you set for yourself but that's not the standard that he set for himself and so he has asked us to set for yourself but that's not the standard that he set for himself and so he has asked us to engage with him as this much more loose speaker and so that gives

him to engage with him as this much more loose speaker and so that gives an incredible added to the whole thing latins added that he and to that need to can claim to succeed they both meant and. and i think he that he cannot claim he both meant and didn't mean well and i think he would and i think that maybe to go beyond not is there was an interesting study by grammar lol you know that recent things that they did that maybe didn't go beyond some because there was an interesting study by grammar only recently which followed the the use the use of. language which bridge which correlated with higher arpu numbers all that long leaders for their good leader probably would have been set up with i'd like to think of that and i think that's a very injury interesting thing for the phenomenon because we all know because we're. kind of used to politicians trying to appear smarter than they are but. kind of used to politicians trying to appear smarter than they are but. for the politicians to appear. linguistically for the filters just to keep it is to compute

there are of them. linguistically sophisticated than they are of them putting it in terms is pretty unusual do you think that's a big putting it in terms is pretty unusual do you think that's a big challenge to look. you are in reality i mean you could shell inch tube. you are in reality i mean you can use simple language and say really smart things it's a simple language the idea can use simple language and say really smart things it's a simple language the idea i think is to say things that people can understand and importantly will remember most people think is to say things that people can understand and importantly will remember most people who are thinking about politics are thinking about it most of the day they're thinking about their life and who are thinking about politics aren't thinking about it most of the day they're thinking about their life and the things they need to do to feed their families and do their job and all that and so those little sound things they need

to do to feed their families and do their job and all that and so those little sound bites that they get have to be both understandable an admirable and so by it's that they get have to be both understandable and never will and so whichever way you can achieve that either through simple language or invented language or lang which ever way you can achieve that either through simple language or invented language or language that really connects with people's lives in whatever way i think that's going to be affected which that really connects with people's lives in whatever way i think that's going to be affected. finally a lot of people are blaming twitter on both the 6 finally a lot of people are blaming twitter on both. successes trump the emergence of this hashed out culture when you are under obligation south of trump the emergence of this hashed out culture when you are under obligation to compress very complex ideas into a couple of if you characterize them to compress very complex ideas into

a couple of if you characterize them that. not only has to have fewer to be more eloquent but i think it also develop not only used to have fewer to be more eloquent but i think it also develops a certain appetite among the public for very simplistic processing of ideas off a certain appetite among the public for very simplistic processing of ideas are you concerned about that or is it a natural phenomenon are you concerned about that or is it a natural phenomenon. but i think it's wonderful that lots of people are participating in the public square and are able well i think it's wonderful that lots of people are participating in the public square and are able to state their opinions and to participate in it in a in europe in the sense in the common participate in in the inner space station. i think it does i think it does does change change very much very much the nature

of the conversation the nature of the conversations in when when and so every greedy edited and and so deacon decontextualized worst were you know you don't know who you're talking to talking to you too you don't know where they're coming know where they're coming from also from the on and so in those that he and in a lot in that interview rather lash out at the interactions. a lot of leverage a lot of them for reform for for aggression and aggressive behavior here there at the behavior that you know you feel like if you can ask like a jerk because people won't know who you are in that they won't punish you you know you feel like you can ask like a jerk because people won't know who you are in that they won't punish you. so i think there are both senses eyes and minus in essence that's what's with any form of any technology etc so we use it and that are out there for somebody to use give great pleasure talking to you thank you very much obliged for think it's been

a great pleasure talking to you thank you very much for thank you so much for having me encourage our viewers to keep this conversation going in our social media thank you so much for having encouraged our viewers to keep this conversation going in our social media pages and help to syria same place same time here in the wilds a part of me just and hope to see her again same place same time here in the wilds of part of. our.

you know world of big. law and construe. you know world of big. law and conspiracy it's talks it's time. to wake up to dig deeper to get the stories to wake to dig deeper to get the stories that made stream media refuses to tell more the. we need to be smart made stream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door in the bath and shouting past each other we need to stop slamming the door on the bath and shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the

middle it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the troops. but the time is now. for watching closely. watching. the hawks. during the great depression which i'm old enough to remember there was most of my dream agreed to prison which i'm old enough to remember there was and most of my family were unemployed were working. there wasn't a sin and it was bed you know much much worse of just subjectively isn't today but there was an expectation of the things were going to get better because it looked better than today but there was an expectation that things were going to get better

. there was a real sense of hopefulness there isn't today to. a there was a real sense of hopefulness there isn't today today's america where shape by the 10 principles of concentration of wealth days america where shape by the turn principles of concentration of wealth and power. reduced democracy at the npower. reduced democracy attack solidarity engineer elections manufacture consent jack solo down engineer elections manufacture consent and other principles according to no i'm. once another prince holds according to no on. one set of rules for the rich opposite of. the rules for the rich opposite a real show. that's what happens when you put her into the.

narrows that's what happens when you put her into the. narrow sector of will switch will is dedicated to increasing power virtue of just her of will switch will is dedicated to increasing power for chills just as you'd expect one of the most influential on you to show it's been 2 opposing them on one of their time almost in the clue one chill intellectuals of our time since speaks about among the modern civilization saying that we should amend the arc of an arc.

he died like a dog. he died like a dog he died like a coward in some of the main stories that shaped this last week than. he died like a coward in some of the main stories that shaped this last week then don't read the red cyclicals there in the detlef the very nice the lid leader that the simply killed when it would lead to has syria given up we compare the red eye to the raid again with the preview with the prince mavis baraka but. nothing for a change. got yet again but the british prime minister. got yet again but the british prime minister finally got his way over a general election which for most will be seen as another referendum on leaving the finally got his way over

a general election which for most will be seen as another referendum on leaving the e.u. . and journalist claims direct. american journalist claims director was political persecution after his arrest for an alleged assault he tells our political persecution after his arrest for an alleged assault he tells r t it's payback he thanks for reporting venezuelan opposition violence. it's payback thanks for reporting venezuelan opposition violence.