by the 1920 s. in a period not unlike today it was virtually crushed robert reich. a very very . young and. by the mid series it began to reconstruct. the dozen or is felt he himself was rather sympathetic to chris if legislation that would be in the benefit of the general population but he had to somehow get it passed so he informed the labor leaders and others forced me to do it. what he meant is it going to help demonstrate we're going to protest develop the labor movement.

when the popular pressures fission be able can through the legislation you know i am not for a we're. still last definition number 11 a i doubt which many. great people well being gradually read your mind in. truly feel. i prefer that broad definition. so there was a kind of combination of a sympathetic government and by the mid thirty's very substantial but bitter activism. there were industrial action there were sit down strikes which are very frightening 2. 100 ships. have to recognize a sit down straight is just one step before saying we don't need bushes we can run this by ourselves. and business was told. you read the business press say in the late thirty's they

were talking about to the hazard facing industrialists in the rising political power of the masses which has to be repressed things were on hold during the 2nd world war but immediately after the 2nd world war the business offensive began in force. test partly as a. tourist start any quality in labor management. and of course the ism was used for a massive corporate propaganda offensives to attack union. increased sharply during the reagan years and reagan pretty much told the business world if you want to illegally break bergen izing efforts and strikes go ahead they are in violation of the law and if they do not report for work within 48 hours they have forfeited their jobs and will be terminated to continue to the ninety's and of course with

george w. bush went through the roof by now less than 7 percent of private sector workers have unions. the effect is that to the usual counterforce to an offensive or highly class conscious business clueless as does oath to. know if you're in a position of power you want to maintain class consciousness for yourself but a limited everywhere else you're back to the 19th century in the early days of the industrial revolution and the united states working people were very conscious of this they in fact overwhelmingly regarded that wage labor as not very different from slavery to the different only in that it was temporary effect of such a popular idea that was

a slogan of the republican party. well there was a very sharp class consciousness and the interests of power and privilege it's good to drive those ideas out of people's heads you don't want them to know that they're an oppressed class so this is one of the few societies magicks don't talk about class in fact the national class is very simple one who gives the orders who follows and that basically defines class it's more nuanced and complex but that's basically it. the public relations industry the advertising industry which is dedicated to creating consumers it's a phenomenon developed in the freest countries in britain and the united states and

the reason is pretty clear it became clear by a say a century ago that it was not going to be so easy to control the population by force too much freedom and one. labor going to ising parliamentary labor parties in many countries women started to get the french as and so on she had to have other means of controlling people and it was understood and expressed they have to control them by control of. beliefs and attitudes well one of the best ways to control people in terms of attitudes is what the great political economists they're stunned blind called fabricating consumers. they can fabricate want to. make obtaining things that are just about within your reach the essence of life they're going to be trapped into becoming

a consumer's. and you read the business press say 920 s. it talks about the need to direct people to the superficial things of life like fashionable consumption and that will keep them out of our hair. you find this doctrine all through progressive intellectual thought but walter lippmann the major progress of intellectual of the 20th century. he wrote famous progressive essays on democracy in which his view was exactly that the public must be put in their place so that the responsible men can make decisions without interference from the be willed and heard. there to be spectators not participants then you get a properly functioning democracy straight back to madison on to the polls memory and so on and the advertising industry just exploded. with with this as its

goal fabricating consumers. and it's done with great sophistication. many whilst down. as one of the last known while very singular. whom are aware of the kind. of the ideal is which you actually see need to did. we're let's see teenage girls they have a free said area afternoon will go walking in a shopping mall not the library or somewhere else. the idea is to try to control everyone to turn the whole society into the perfect system. perfect system would be a society based on a diet of pair the pair is you and your television set or maybe now who in the internet. in which that presents you with would. the proper life would be with

trying to gauge and you spend your time and effort to gaining those things which you don't need you don't want maybe to throw away. but that's the measure of a decent life. what we see is in say advertising on television if you've ever taken an economics course you know that markets are supposed to be based on informed consumers making rational choices well if we had a system like that a market system in a television ad would consist of say general motors putting up information saying here's what we have for sale a samba an ad for a car is an ad for occurs in football hero you know an actress in the car doing some crazy thing like going up a mountain or something the point is to create uninformed consumers who will make

irrational choices that's what advertising is all about. and when the same institutions p.r. . system runs elections they do it the same way. they want to create an uninformed electorate which will make irrational truisms go off against their own interests and we see it every time one of these extravaganzas take place. right after the election. president obama won an award from the advertising industry for the best marketing campaign and was reported here if you go to the international business press executives were euphoric they said we've been selling candidates marketing candidates like you know toothpaste ever since reagan and this is the greatest achievement we have i don't

usually agree with therapy. but when she mocks the much she calls the hopi changey stuff she's right 1st of all obama didn't really promise anything and that's mostly illusion to go back to the campaign rhetoric and take a look at this very little discussion of poesy issues and for very good reason because public opinion on poesy is sharply disconnected from what the 2 party leadership and their financial backers want. more and more it is focused on the private interests that fund the campaigns. who is a public being marginalized. this.

was. one of the things that i started to realize is that the noise in my head as it me i started the practice of organizing my life around what i wanted my life to be about even when it conflicted with my internal noids so you know why i wrote a book but in my head i'm not smart enough people like me to write books. but what i held myself to it was the action and i started to notice that i could co-exist with that while still living a life that went beyond. i

had a spiritual experience. and i had the little girl that died in the fire sent there collins. say 5 year olds that. were looking for a candy reaching. off 54 years old spent 21 years on good rule. book crime i didn't commit. i always knew that it was innocent as i read through 1st to go but it was just. an hour of. trial was pretty much a farce that they are having guilty for that well. not by. god not me not people who will write off.

the truth of jimmy hasn't forgiven himself for something. i knew she was there and i knew exactly what i was doing. people live. and sometimes there's no explanation. of the leading political scientist. amount to the study of the relation to look at it to. what issues that about 70 percent of the population has moved. way of

influencing. they might as well be and some other country. and the population knows . what it's led to is a population that angry frustrated and hates institutions. and it's not acting constructively to try to respond to that. there is popular mobilization and activism but in very self destructive direction. taking the form of unfocused anger attacks on one another and on vulnerable targets that's what happens in cases like this. it is corrosive of social relations but that's the point the point is to make people hate and fear each other and look out only for themselves and don't do anything for anyone else.

one place you see it strikingly is on april 15th. april 15th as a kind of a measure that they appear taxes of how democratic a society is a different city if a society is really democratic april 15th would be a day of celebration it's a day when the population gets together decides to fund the programs and activities that they have formulated agreed upon would be better than the solution celebrated the way it is needed state it's a day of mourning it's a day in which some alien power has nothing to do with you is coming down to steal your hard earned money and you do everything you can do keep from doing. without it is a kind of a measure of the extent to which at least in popular consciousness democracy is actually functioning. not her attractive picture.

be . the tendencies that we've been describing within american society and those there are reversed it's going to be an extremely ugly society i'm a society that's based on adam smith's final maxim you know all for myself nothing for anyone else. aside in which normal human instincts an emotion of sympathies or their e.b. to a sport in which they're going to driven out. that society so ugly i don't even know who'd want to live in it i wouldn't want my children to.

give the society is based on control by private wealth it will reflect the values that in fact does reflect. a value that is green and the desire to maximize personal game at the expense of others and any society made a small society based on that principle is a good way to consume. a global society based on that principle is headed for massive destruction. and i don't think we're smart enough to design in any detail what a perfectly just and free society would be like i think we can give some guidelines and more significant we can ask how we can progress in that direction. john dewey the leading social philosopher of the late 20th century here argued that

until all. all institutions production commerce. media unless they're all under participatory democratic control we will not have a functioning democratic society. as he put it policy will be the shadow cast by business over society. it's essentially true. where there are structures of authority domination and hire somebody gives the orders somebody takes them as they are not self-justifying who they have to justify themselves and their burden to prove to me.

will if you take a close look usually find they can't justify themselves to say can't we ought to be dismantling. trying to expand the domain of freedom and justice but dismantling that form of illegitimate authority and in fact progress over the years we'll thankfully recognize as progress has been just that the way things change is because lots of people are working all the time and you know they're working in their communities in their workplace or wherever they happen to be and they're building up the basis for it or movements which are going to make changes and that's the way everything has ever happened in history. takes a freedom of speech. one of the real achievements of american society it's the 1st in the world and it's not in the bill of rights on the constitution and freedom of speech issues began to come to the supreme court in the early 20th century. the

major contributions came in i. $961.00 cleveland was a case of going civil rights movement well but then you had a mass popular movement which was demanding rights. refusing to back down and in that context the supreme court did establish a pretty high standard freedom of speech or it takes a women's right women also began identifying oppressive structures refusing to accept them or he'd go their people to join with them well that's her right to return. to trouville extent if also spent a lot of my life in activism into that doesn't show up publicly but you know. terribly good at it and not the greatest organizer i think that we can see quite clearly some very very serious defects in our. culture. which are going to have to be corrected by operating outside of work that is commonly accepted i

think we're going to have to find new ways but it has. been the activists or people who have created the rights that we enjoy. in the area carrying out proces based on information that they're receiving but also contributing to the understanding remembers or separately process. to try to do things you learn you learn that with the world it's like that feeds back to the understanding of how to go on. there's huge opportunity it is a very free society still the freest world. government has fairly limited capacity to coerce corporate business may try to coerce but there are mechanisms. so there's a lot to be done if people organize struggle for the right system if done in the past and you can win many victories.

close friend for many years later howard zinn. to put it in his words that what matters is the countless small deeds of unknown people who lay the basis for the significant events that enter history. there's a once who's done things in the past the angelus do it future. luke

. luke. i got. married. into.

the room. clearly. play. live live live. live. live. live live. live. live live. live live.

live . live live. oh. please. live. lists lists lists. lists. and a very warm welcome to you watching us in such. my

name is stuck. on. this to see what i don't see it's. over the border you know if. you want to know we've got to give it up. too cause you need to move around you know nazis pizza box and i used to down 6 used to make it very very easy no food from the school on drugs used to people. who. know. who people who close the schools to clubs during his. week shift the. music. i love to jobs because he makes me copy i love he does because he makes me and copy play and move to. and when he moved.

beyond. the office box office i'm not in love with her and. i'm pretty. sure that i don't. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have it's crazy for him to let it be an arms race off and spearing dramatic development only really i'm going to resist i don't see how that strategy will be successful very critical time to sit down and talk.

in the trouble. 19 seventies a group of killers rampage through parts of northern ireland that was coordinated loyalist attacks particularly catholic population in belfast tens of thousands were forced to flee their homes and what was striking to put these attacks was that the or you see the police actually took part in the attacks so instead of preventing it they were active participants in the burning of full streets in belfast at the take more than a 100 innocent civilians were unloaded as the review can seniors and we found out more i was surprised about the extent and of the currents which the solution was involved in some of those cases the killers would later be named goodwin and getting i think it went to the very very top i think it the process the water where all the taishan so you thought was going on and gave the go ahead.

russian officials have identified the suspect in a shooting at a federal security service field in central moscow 2 people were killed and 5 injured in the attack. and other stories that shape the week moscow and the e.u. to lash out at u.s. sanctions targeting russia's north stream to gas pipelines in germany the berlin saying it amounts to interference in domestic affairs. and another inspector breaks ranks from the global chemical weapons watchdog the o.p.c. w saying its final report on the alleged attack in the syrian city of duma.