that's use kountry also will support him in his request for a fundamental human rights alexander has the right to be tried in his county in his language and to prove that he is not a criminal thank you for coming on r.t. and bringing us an update on his case that is very confidant of hulu former president of the greek parliament and alexander vinick defense attorney thank you. thank you to 100 r.t. we love to hear all your thoughts on our story so do get in touch by following us on social media we're back at the top of the hour. join me every thursday on the all excitement and i'll be speaking to us of the world of politics or business i'm show business i'll see you there.

so again risen ski hudden planned on becoming an astronaut having only a chosen biochemistry and viral journey as is calling in 2017 he became the world's 1st scientist to serve as commander of an international space mission he spent 305 days in orbit and 27 hours in open space he's also a passionate photographer traveling welcome to sophie co visionaries me sophie shevardnadze so scientific discoveries and technological advances are moving us closer to the stars but what does the future of space travel hold for us well i guess today's a russian astronaut and biochemist city. hi sergei so good to have you as our guest

today so ok let me start from this when i was a kid i'm just reading this amazing if i were everything was built on a promise that me and my generation growing up would be flying off to mars and moon and over interstellar travel is and then i grew up and it turned out that my future is here in a smartphone research of artificial intelligence genome editing everything here on earth and nothing there closer to the stars what happened why didn't this amazing classes of 5 predictions come true. it is a whole lot cheaper than a space flight. anyone on earth can have a small. but only a few chosen ones get to go to space. perhaps it's more important to improve living standards on earth 1st. and then go on to

beyond it anyway we're moving towards that future. and we'll get back to the moon and then we'll make it to mars. but you're saying that it's expensive so my next question. why don't we have a rovers that are able to collect pretty much any useful information that we would need from outer space on earth why do we need to send humans to space and not talk about space tourism pay money to actually send people there. after i did skis an automated station can only provide answers to questions that it's been programs to answer. as a human on the i assess he is able to discover new things. he can make adjustments to an experiment and update a program. the technology needed for them to survive in outer space will follow them back home. and it can then be used here on earth. to help ordinary people in

their daily lives. so you are a scientist 1st and foremost and you're a 1st scientist to actually be the captain of the crew which is amazing and you're saying that astronauts cosmonauts should be actually intellectually well equipped they should be ready for all different kinds of situations and it's better if there are scientists so you know in sports kids start to prepare from very young ages to become. professional sports man do you think something similar should be done with astronauts and hospitals i mean should there be like a special preparation in all fields for a person who is supposed to go up in space. boys any astronaut or regardless of their basic education. becomes a one man army have. to speak by the end of their training. on your side and they

become all round experts who can basically do just about anything at all is that i get the itch i suppose it would be hard to prepare people for that kind of work in advance or so however i do think we should invite professionals to lead to the certain level of education preferably with a ph d. because that shows that a person is able to analyze and process data. and then we train them to become all round the experts who said so i always thing 2 months of what happens if once you're in space you have a health issue for instance you're up and decide is opens up like will the crew be able to perform and up and act in the new isn't like something that you're trained for before you go. fully prepared for any contingency your emergency as to where paul is to get the boy with fully prepared for other things but i would be able to resolve any situation. many emergencies require experience.

while i must admit that i had to provide 1st aid to some of my colleagues and ones on my missions and it was hard on them as i know it's one thing to try it on a plastic dummy list when you kin totally different when you're dealing with a real human being who is in pain and could actually die in them or that by giving that but we do have decent medical care. of course the i.s.a.'s remains in contact with ground control and 99 percent of the time. has it ever happened to you that you physically have to same someone up and. what can you tell me an example is it a secret this is. classified classified information ok wow i'm really impressed so i know that 0 g. causes muscle atrophy it's also bad for your bones if you're up there for too long

what other negative attacks can suffer from if you're in open space too much. 1st of all obviously. the redistribution of body fluids that. can be replenished but it significant. generally when using any of its systems they started almost instantly which is amazing in terms of how. as soon as you stop reading books you start losing neural connections. when you don't work your muscles we can. really function any positive. on health i mean on human body we haven't noticed any seriously because i was

thinking you know we hear people on earth are so caught up in our routine that we are very tense and it's very hard to get like a good massage and relax something if i like floating up in the air it's probably like the best way to relax your muscles no. i guess that's true but it really hurts at 1st but then most of that when you get to 0 gravity your spine begins to stretch to give its you say to the ligaments that have been holding your spine upright so you spend your 1st several days in a lot of payment because you actually grew several centimeters toula. but i also heard that cancer cells grow much slower when you are in outer space can that maybe help cure or cancel or find like a lead weight to curing cancer here on earth this was not a difficult question. all of our bodies cells respond that way. some cells actually

start reproducing. also exposure to space radiation could lead to stronger mutation in the with and we still researching these factors and the u.s. says is particularly valuable as a major research facility that runs large numbers of scientific experiments concurrently so i mean space tourism is like a huge topic now and more and more people are going to be going out there and live in examples but. do you 1st see in future people going to outer space not only for touristic. reasons but for treatment could that be possible could something that we can cure here on earth because of this atmosphere be cured there and then we'll come back healthy. fall in one of the but it is quite possible i can't rule out the possibility because 0 gravity does indeed provide a unique environment. for some time it will still be

a site for research and some dedicated projects the idea because it's really hard to imagine an outburst suddenly of medical tourism if. that's because of the massive vibration with the people suffer under launch. then again why not. i'm sure he will soon see space tourism develop rapidly even that as we take a new school buddies i'm sure you know what i'm talking about a year ago russians took a 3 d. printer to s.s. to actually print organs produce human tissue living cells materials not actual is exploring this opportunity as well i don't really understand why they're doing it there because when we 3 d. print organs here on earth with 3 d. print them but they can't really work with our bodies yet so is it any different when you take them to assess and print them they're. very information isn't quite

right ok correct me. the problem is not that 3 d. printed organs are rejected simply no way to produce them. when you try to grow cells on a substrate. of cells. instead of real healthy tissue. you can get a properly structured human organ with all its. and all in the right place to create a score that could be attempted in 0 gravity with that's why this line of research is drawing a lot of attention right now. so have you have to have anything physical in terms of. already or is it just really the beginner stage we're only just taking off the 1st. few attempts but we haven't had any real breakthroughs.

on the foundations. though it's a very promising technology. space exploration seems like so many ways and it's hard to imagine that anything there could be applicable in real life here but nonetheless what technology is developed in space now can be used. here on earth today. there is a lot of amazing technology that has already become part of life in this when we use it every day now. for example. because. networks. things being developed. to say whether they will become that widespread. you know there are enough very interesting research projects all new materials new plastics and metals when you confused together very light and very heavy metals. and new drugs are being researched to such

a growing proteins which can only be done in 0 gravity it's impossible to do it on earth. research is also being conducted on building artificial crystals which may be very useful for the laser equipment industry. has so many opportunities for us that there's no way to know what new technology and things it might give us. i'm sure we'll see many new things coming into us. right now.

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and now we're back with. russian oscar nod and biochemist discussing space flights and the future of space exploration so see i want to ask you a bit more about the effects that space would have on human bodies for instance does the aging process go slower or faster for instance like ice ice skaters my friends professional i scanners and they definitely age much lower than we do i mean they don't have a wrinkle you know there goes because they live basically in their refrigerator what about in space. i'm not sure it works like that you know if you. forget the words i think you know all biological processes take place in a very serious way the cosmonauts of course do look younger than their age. but the reason for that is provably due to their lifestyle was a reason you regular training and medical checkups feel right at least when you're

on active duty your being monitored all of the time and he does that it's up to you to keep your health under control and the regular person doesn't do that as often unfortunately the list something up on the scene. aging is a complex process it was was and i don't think you can say with any degree of certainty that 0 gravity produces any particular effect of idealists but it's true that experiments have been conducted. why was that. when animals and humans when the changes that are being reported conform with known statistical information and then you live with no definite patterns have been found yet. this is only the dawn of the space era the aging is a long process and it's hard to analyze step by step. what about the whole sleeping because. we conscious humans understand today the importance of sleep i mean if you

sleep at night and sleep well that's half of your health right. i was talking to your fellow calling. from apollo on he was like the best i have ever gotten it was like what i was up there it was like the deepest deepest sleep i mean for me it's unimaginable because i really want one of my pillow and my blanket what about you how do you. sleep well here in space you know i love my pillow and blanket. when at 1st it was uncomfortable to sleep in space. but. it's about the same except when you're in space you dream about. you dream about space that was brilliant shows us all the things that we miss. in space you sleep in a kind of suspended state you basically flute in your sleeping bag and you have to remember to secure it while you don't wake up in

a different corner of the international space station. but it is a grade for your back and for everything i feel like everything's resting finally when you're like floating in the air to sing in a 0 g. feels absolutely incredible and it's really great. but the thing is that when you feel like. everyone's dream to soar like a bird that's how you feel. you know you'll have to come back to the world of gravity. so you train hard every day. astronauts exercise or at least 2 hours every day because it's a must they have to keep their bodies in good shape to deal with gravity and recovery. or it's ok. yes but i mean you come back recovering after 0 g. is very hard. so is it true that people don't snore when they're up there when they

sleep what about how calm but i want to because it prevents us from as well making those. national we're losing our o.-g. means no obstructions everything is perfect. so you're super popular on instagram and you post the most beautiful images of earth from above and i guess it's sort of your hobby and evil are followers but then you told me that you've been commissioned by a ecologist and even sociologist to do to make pictures i understand how you would make pictures for scientific reasons. and write mentalist may need it with your oldest may need it but what does sociology need those places for. well just completely unpredictable people. one interesting project for example is aimed at determining population density and levels of prosperity based on the

illumination intensity to be shown this. roads small villages we can see it all from space it was where we use advanced photographic equipment capable of capturing images at the enormous speed at which the eye is as moves at the end it's using short exposure and high i.s.o. sensitivity. and we can get really good very interesting data. so you've been saying that i assess as sort of outlived itself and we should really refocus one more time on our flight to mars and our efforts to get us to mars so it would take. 7 to 8 months right to get to mars. ok that's just to get there no take in the return leg and the time staying there so given the levels of radiation there i mean would it be possible to get to mars and

back without irreversible consequences for us. you know likelihood yes. we need to do more research. total amount of radiation an astronaut gets these days exceeds what a mission crew would get. if we talk about the mir the old soviet space station. troops were exposed to even higher radiation levels and they spent up to one and a half years on board. missions will. the radiation higher. used to complete more missions they. think it would have a terrible impact on a person's health. and human that it. will mean that the missions might not be very advisable. showed us i want to ask you about the embryo research that showed that radiation takes

a heavy toll on the fetus and causing mutation stillbirth this program was shut. this research program is anywhere a search of this kind being done now because we're talking about final marse going to marse. i feel like this is very relevant for us to continue research in that field that's well. fortunately new research like that is being conducted at the moment. we're doing the research performed on bio satellites back in soviet times proved that space radiation is the main factor that influences the development of a fetus. good idea. if space radiation affects a cell in my body. can die but the body would be ok but if that happens to a developing embryo when it would lead to mutations. that could result in a stillbirth or some other anomalies. anomaly and so we know that it's not space

souls 0 gene that impacts development in. space radiation. even though. and until we're able to learn to shield ourselves from it properly there really is no point in doing any further experimentation. by it but do you worry that once we go to other pines our ability to reproduce would be better importance. of course it will be most about imus and if we decide to build long term stations on other planets we need to study the issue that and plan for it in advance even though because there are some very serious risks that have been scientifically proven by the wish there we're not running any experiments currently either on the. satellite image that will make us nice but the very least we can do is consider all of the option of them with doesn't do well and certainly if we're to think of building manned space stations we need to pick locations very carefully

and make sure they're protected from space radiation yes so ice for decades now has been this platform for a corporation where you guys come together and put all the differences that you're countries have on earth a site do you think we're talking about we're focusing on flying to mars. astronauts and the community space community will come together in achieving that together or is it going to be who's going to get there 1st. huge fan of the idea and i really hope manned missions will be a joint effort signifying humanity's success. in the success of a single nation. at least i think that would be the right way to do it. is living proof that we can be successful as

a team that we can work together peacefully and productively there's no border. between us so we have one example. clearly a manned mission to mars would involve enormous cost and was also. i can't imagine one nation no matter how rich it might be completing a project like that. we need to start working on it jointly. and it may well be that this mission will have a positive reconciliatory effect on whatever differences we have between us on a media so why age or too has given 1st signal in 40 years. interstellar space it's the 1st time it was launched right so we talk often with. moon and going back to mars and you're not the only one a lot of your colleagues are dreaming actually to. realize that project to be on

mars and to go back to but. there are few projects same that deep space why do i gaze so little attention to the interstellar flight is it just not cool enough isn't it just a little too for it's natural that humanity use more interested in close enough to our planet of something we all future generations could use to our advantage cool that it's extremely time consuming and to run an experiment so the takes 40 years to complete with a scientist of i can imagine the up but as a person find the town's very rewarding you know it's possible little once we managed to produce new engines capable of producing much higher speeds was what it will make most sense will be able to just send dozens of spacecraft own scouting missions in different directions to see what's out there who's out the used and how we might use it for a in benefit of the what a with with them so you've said something that really marked me one since said when

you fly into orbit you fly it there as a patch your at off your country and you come back to earth you come back a citizen of earth and or their remember that what happens to a person up there that you come back if there's enough the world i mean you obviously still love your country your silly but that secondary because 1st of while yours that isn't up earth right take the credit for those words the move from an older cosmonauts as surprised to hear it said when the time came for me to go into space on a mission and see it all for myself i in that a space flight you literally leave all your problems behind your everyone and everything you see any at all borderlines onus disappear planet is not as we're taught in schools with different countries mocked in

different colors separate from just an. international space station on a mission to space just like. with just a tiny. tiny. piece. of space.

in a world of big partisan lot and conspiracy it's time to wait to dig deeper to hit the stories that mainstream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door on the back and shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the truth the time is now for watching closely watching the hawks.

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