be sending troops in large quantities into the longest side of the u.n. the mood of international court he stopped a lot of you have find it difficult to understand i mean is it a scramble for the oil resources the particularly valuable oil resources easy to refine geographically close to europe because why would people move the u.a.e. from dubai we invite the u.s. ambassador on to refute that their actions of these their global is in libya but why are they involved egypt of course is closer why is turkey involved well the u.a.e. and egypt are involved to prevent what they say is the danger of an islamist takeover of a strategically important country there is countries who didn't approve of what happened when the arab peoples rose up at the end of 2010 and in 2011 and who have masterminded the backlash in country after country want to be sure that

libya doesn't stay as they see it in anneke that is going to be exploited by islamists now choice i think porton limited it is an important havisham but islam if we don't have and never have had majority support in libya ok but they have now there's a syrian question isn't there because reputedly move of course britain has failed to overthrow the government of president a sort of syria there were allegations of ties between britain and islam is groups to overthrow the syrian government reports of them coming or mass into libya in which case after as a point and his allies. well i don't think those allegations of ties in the u.k. and as the mist forces are correct certainly we did support the free syrian army even the we are usually a b.b.c. but we were a very moral support to a revolution in syria but didn't give it the material support to enable it wherever

they break the allegation that there were links i haven't seen that ok but i mean what about the threat of isolation al qaeda than in libya which actually justify have those claims against the weakness if it doesn't justify a continued civil war because the u.n. supported government led by prime ministers iraq has just as much of a reason to combat islamist extremism and to work for a stable government as after does its not a valid reason for the civil war which after as has fomented i mean you're a diplomat how is it that this u.n. entity the government of national accord which then therefore de facto has the support of turkey and the u.a.e. and friends by virtue of it being a un mandated body is also being defacto attacked by or the allegations are by by

those countries where this is a problem of the growth of international disorder since the invasion of iraq in 2003 which i think history will share was a seminal moment in the years since then many different countries have sought to be active across their borders and to assert their influence to supply weaponry to support proxy forces when they think that such action will prevent worse consequences for their interests finally on libya than did david cameron in libya do because then she would tony blair did in iraq that bomb the country overthrew the government written room france the united states the other countries involved in supporting the libyan rebellion in 2011 took a chance they believed that the consequences of not acting could have been mass civilian casualties they thought that if this story. support

for ideas of freedom and self-determination meant anything they should mean supporting the request from the arab world from libyans themselves for support for the overthrow of qaddafi now the 2 reasons why the post revolutionary victory stabilisation didn't work was 1st that the countries that had been involved in the armed campaign had no position on the ground to assist with the necessary civilian reconstruction of institutions that was necessary to achieve stability but the underlying reason for that was that the libyans themselves were very reluctant to accept foreign assistance on the ground that is disputed by it was abraham good to have his spokesperson who in fact this program to the 1st interview since the overthrow of gadhafi with him he said the whole objective of u.k.

bombing was to destabilize libya that africa's richest recovery country was again united african currency this is a completely different to the arguments given by there with cameron by the british government and in fact after relies on the so-called green resistance who so was abrams. they are aligned with safeguard afy he said they if anything a been signed in berlin that would have been it for after the green resistance or longer support there was no struggle for libya's natural resources involved in the decisions of the french and british governments at the time to intervene in the libyan revolution oil didn't come into it i don't believe it was about assisting the libyan people to establish stability on the basis of a different and better constitution what was your reactions of former ambassador to iran. when you heard that cousin sulaimani the top general of the islamic republic

had been assassinated for american drone strike it is backed by the british government that action well concern that it was based on half truths that money wasn't actually engaged in imminent attacks on american facilities you don't really remember says well that states at the time and subsequently has not been able to provide any evidence of the necessary test for preemptive military action never say i'll give them you know it's a good time to be secret they could have given it to congress and the congressman described the intelligence briefing as the worst one they'd ever received secondly fear that there would be an uncontrollable series of consequences from inevitable iranian retaliation for the attack 3rd concern that the united states didn't have a strategy for pacifying the gulf for moving from the present high state of tension

and the destruction willfully and unnecessary and illegally of the iranian nuclear agreement towards some new arrangement which they claim to want but have never sought any practical detail negotiations to achieve so all these were going through the mine or anybody concerned for peace and stability in the region but remains of a lot of pressure presumably on the boards on some government lamb head of or perhaps u.s. u.k. trade deal when it comes to u.k. support for the end of the jays e.p.o. . no i think the british government will stick with the j.c. . they need european sympathy and support for the more important to go which is the one that's about to start on britain's long term trading and security relationship with the european union there are many pressures on british

relations with the united states and iran policy is one of them well russia india china all good relations with iran what did you make of the the evidence for a reproach war between saudi arabia and iran and the letter that because it was really money had been carrying surely in the foreign office when you were there you was a nightmare scenario at least to many people who suspect in the global south that nato policy is to divide and rule certainly not the what president obama said expresses the view that we all have which is that saudi arabia and iran need to find modus vivendi in which each respects the legitimate interests of the other now that means defining what legitimate interests are and that requires diplomacy so.

it was indeed the case as the prime minister of iraq has said that general salim ani had a message in his pocket now exactly what the message was hasn't been declared and that must be right and proper because it will have been extremely sensitive it could have been about avoiding unnecessary competition between them in iraq it could have been about a framework for settling the wide range of issues on which iran and iraq disagree or it could have been about the immediate problem in yemen which saudi arabia had. which is that it is no nearer achieving stability after this appalling bombing campaign that it has conducted boeing it should be said in the world's worst humanitarian crisis with british arms actually just finally and briefly given that you were also of course palestine's ambassador and of those in town

surely they will be telling the british government the kind of criticisms you're making of the trump administration unfounded there's a deal of the century being worked out in washington i know the palestinians have threatened to withdraw from the oslo accords that they are keen on trying to create a peaceful world the trouble in this race when it's not a deal i mean to call it a deal is simply ludicrous it's a unilateral amount of proposals that the american administration in consultation with israel considers should resolve the question so it's not a negotiation that the united states is engaged in because it has totally alienated one side of the negotiation namely the palestinian one sort of thank you thank you after the break he's proved he can walk the walk but can he talk the talk go for an artist drag on his new book exploring the history of london and its architecture

when you meant leading the british imperial wars and the moneyed cultural bulldozers of property developers baltimore can have a part to have going underground. trade and investment to become magic spells to conjure economic development. most people think about trade they think about services being exchanged between countries and the and vast chapter of a trade agreement is about something very different. but won't when investment leads to toxic manufacturing that destroys sacred sites all ruins the environment. that means if local communities that are being poisoned if they object if they do anything that the company feels is interrupting their profits they can they serve. multinationals are taking on the whole nation philip morris is trying to use

i.s.t.'s to stop oregon from implementing new tobacco regulations aimed at cutting domestic smoking rates a french company sued egypt because egypt raise its minimum wage to democratic choice over trump corporate law joining us as we try to find. one else truths seem wrong but all in all just don't hold. any new world belief yet to shape out disdain it comes to advocate and engage with equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart when she's to look for common ground.

from my home to the kids same company saying oh boy tonight nobody. can. move on with that i. can show them the movies because i'm listening to the local can on the field and show. them we must. not. consider that. a 1000000.

welcome back time can't even take for a broken big ben this question marks hang over boris johnson's attempt to get the bell ringing for brecht's it in 48 hours time breaking the silence there is author of architectural historian john cruickshank whose new book shanks london a portrait of a city in 13 walks tells us why we should fight for buildings he joins me now dan welcome back to going underground so you've been writing about london for getting on to half a century is that what i mean by now a portrayed of a city and walks have happened some time i just felt. i love london i want to tell papa that story. you have had your differences in the bus with the promise of r.'s johnson over or the development of your home area in london spittle filled area but

arguably this book shows your own side when it comes to the importance of the identity of the palace of westminster and big ben barth johnson of course sees the big banners ringing out the it's not leaving the european union but leaving political responsibility in the european union or they were subject to regulations from i'm alarmed to say i do maybe i'm with him on one thing as mayor of london he was he was a difficult character should be set in and certainly in spital fields and elsewhere would occasionally many use powers of the med he inherited look incredible to overturn democratic decisions to happen twice and pitiful big ben a quite i did that caused britain to get a. yes treatment in this and is of course entirely fantastic in moving the old united to say that or beauty but chimes of freedom you know the the belle of big ben in the list but how has that as

a critical moment marked the voice i suppose of independence voices or positions that is so new the 2nd world war 2 totalitarian regimes so it's a visibly the big deal for me that eric symbol i want to get on to the bell in a 2nd but just tell me how you investigate how for instance why people bowed to the speaker's chair in the house of commons it all relates to this very long oh what a mr cole is a wonderfully english british what became the chamber of the house of commons wilson stephen chappell. of 13th century 13th century modeled on rochelle in periscope role chapel and at the reformation the palace was give not by henry 8 but by his son to parliament to do and they did and the. chapel became debating chamber yet the rituals of a chapel were retained the city in the desert of. toral city of left in life face

each other across the open space retained in that and the speaker took the place of the high altar and its eyes as you know that it's a wonderfully english is idea that the ritual one bill the other for one building. attaway transforms the other and that and then that which will become part and parcel of democratic life the face i say on on kinship before the before the reformation as just smooth transition because of course it has its detractors as great a fake building if the fake cough they get was rebuilt after the my you talk about the reveal the author of the authentic big touring gothic alofa thought it was an idea that should be designed in a british manner and in $830.00 is your idea the british style was what got it and they also believe it was structured superior to the classical who's a statement about using a traditional picture to make a modern building for the modern time and again after the blitz you talk about available yet the chamber's was all about it knowledgeable to recreate as i said in

terms of but they had a choice they could have done something there that support the doctors in the role of occupation and the memory identity and pride and there's no question that that it was necessary to write the great wall of the of house of commons being used one of nazis to rebuild as if it hadn't happened so many districts analyzed in this book but arguably there is a thread of class war throughout the book but it's always economics it's always. rich developers and so on. the foundry that forged the big ben the bell the morris jobs and once to ring for the year for breakfast. i the sun is to be shed will do a turn into a posh hotel yet it is such an emblematic story i mean it is but watchable bell foundry in march is. the oldest or more wasn't until a couple years ago britain's oldest continuous operational business you know if it

were going concern told the family who do a heritage business in the early twenty's entry they sold it that they had the right to do that that's fine majority sad but they brought that it was sold. but the local dismay because it was part and parcel of upright my identity watching is london's great business going beautiful set of 1820 buildings local employment and it was a place known around the world. in philadelphia big big bens on many important bell had been made a traditional liberty bell in philadelphia obsolete for the us constitution were forged and that the simple idea was that. was it truly beyond saving as a business making bells and that's kind of that's across roots of the opposition people feel the best use for his doorbell found making bells we are told by the people of acquired it ultimately was a man hunt a public company that is their business future making bowls and they want to make

a large part of it into a pretty could be pretty photo op but keeping the target is a captive problem not to grab your master mission of dorrit buildings but whether one not one requires a boutique hotel next to these on the most for example on my chapel as opposed to a work in going business making bells if i keep that is brilliant another pretty tell ok maybe even affordable housing for housing in hamster the north london suburb if anyone thinks it's a new this kind of gentrification or whatever tell me about the extraordinary attempts to completely annihilate him 38th those who know hands of teeth will no doubt think understandably to give a plea on. border. post north of london and it is such a degree and it an attractive people like you conspired 99 percent repainting was wild terrain. in the city dump in fact a lot of what you now see and experience and hunted by new woods the wildness its

kind of all my trying to center before that the world of the trees marking still boundaries and is up for grabs and in you know. 19th century large large part and by family in america will see them all and he wanted to develop it. a large chunk of the heath for houses and it was a vast opposition on a great one the 1st big popular campaigns to save space in the end thank goodness the. sense prevailed and it will say it was the 20 or 30 years all hands to that of a large chunk with under the under threat of being turned into streets and so on to vote of course the unintended consequences of up capital is property development. quite amusing when it comes to notting hill gate is actually running of probably more known around the world because of film and. just explain how that whole area as it presently is was in the design actually you don't kow ok i think one thing

general polan point to make london is a work of art by the city built on this hope by speculators from the great foreign 16 seconds that's how london was made by the mazak individual states putting money into bricks and mortar and by chance creating exemplary and wonderful it's a city and not ok it was a great example of that is quite later in the 1st of the ninety's and rivera says date's thought they could make money by expanding transforming their farmland into how old is grand houses and all went horribly wrong. and these believe these great estates found that the london the demand was quite what they anticipated and those streets were laid out in zones of all the. pieces are so you know to do not ok there is a wonderful example of them and bishan 40 down and then other our other other models used to riding a medical mission picked up again and what you've got round of elaborate plans for

the terrific aside from the probably speculation when the government does come in they come in arguably for imp. aerial celebration you talk about trafalgar square and there's a lot of debate actually now on about the tearing down of statue e.-l. nearly 9 since it was his notion the greatest triumph route through london for the nica ultimately a new square have to be made carved out and not become trafalgar square and fox where is carved to make this weird and wonderful very an english a triumphal space to tell of a victory military victory there is talk of these statues charles gordon from sudan charles napier around the square no is a military square so the statues all military heroes you see this every have a long way in the mutiny with no money for nelson's call me can walk up that stupid that he didn't the money the prince 10 she had misread it talk about the tower of

london much earlier in london being used very much for propaganda purposes the norms of the understand quite how the whole the whole of controller of their conference is based building fortresses motm bay of around the country hold you hold the train through fortifications and the tower is a great example he you control tower hill control the thames who controls the thames will control london it is a freak statement a palatial off the norm of the here to stay. given there are demonstrations in paris every other week every single week there been going on housing and design paris there were a lot of talk about how they didn't want another french revolution well in their design plan all that much more possible here than a little more organic development of the same. always pop part of the region tree creation of jewish 4th meeting trenches will is a military big ornamental road always had his 2nd row of the military drought rush rush military militias or armed troops of places that were ruled he may find use of

under threat of course blackberries i was you know it is quite similar to resign. concerns of course are air quality mass killing if you believe this it is ticks of particular pollution but the river itself the reason why london is here is the river london is a river city and of the forget that partly because of the billions of jews about as you did the batmen 18 sixty's and seventy's. which was a brilliant idea you knew but pulled out river you create gardens you create road you trade places with tubes and telegraphs and sewers i because it had a terrible role of cutting london off from its river but ironically because climate change which is i know very long began living from put the thames barrier in climate change because the irony could be that the river with the death of london is gloomy i mean there many as i say you know london like all great live in cities

is about to change the course on the underlying fear as well to contemplate london not just as a continuation of the division change but now changes so far and rapid and absolute in its nature that the animal the beast as i did london did that that the alarm defoe writing about it beautiful things still. threaten the 5th fleet if the age the many levels of threat not just as of gale of return of high rise in the city and so on but you know is this rates and the capsule of it of enterprise and this is a certain level well just finally i've got to us that. you talk a lot about the culture of this country being in these streets when you heard donald trump tweeting about the destruction of iran's culture a nod to the kind of work you as an architectural historian do well not understand

that most people trump tower memes on hold so many. terrifying things on this character so that that response i never ever in my life could have believed a present of the united states could talk about the destruction of culture like that. good will to hit in the 2nd move warns on civil but of course she's reminded 100 potent of what it's like islamic state attack culture. she has to go and so on because culture is what gives people project and is all the mirror in syria and so it just reminds of mormon culture we haven't said that how important it is is recognizing history and memory it's all important to find people i don't see the problem zones of. that sense it was predictable if you want to undermine iran you destroy his memories do it privately do that it is doing it's culture brutal beastly i'm think if. you don't understand this is i have

a mind why it's worth 84 building. thank you and that's of the show will be back on saturday special marking the beginning of the u.k.'s departure from the european union until they can be judged by social media and don't forget to subscribe to our you tube channel. during the great depression which i'm old enough to remember there was most of my family were poor working class there wasn't it was bad you know much worse objectively than today but there was an expectation that things were going to get better. there was a real sense of hopefulness there isn't today today's america where shaped by the 10 principles of concentration of wealth and power. reduced democracy attack solidarity engineer elections manufacture consent and other principles

according to know on. one set of rules for the rich opposite several from here. that's what happens when you put power into the hands of a narrow. truth will switch truth is dedicated to increasing power virtue of just you'd expect one of the most influential intellectuals of our time speaks about the modern civilization of america.

kurian protests as dollar bills for the deal of the century to make sure the undivided capital of israel and how that control over palestinian security and diplomacy call signs immediately rejected the plan. jerusalem is not for sale and all our rights are not for sale and not for bargaining your conspiracy deal won't pass. also artist speaks to the families of palestinian teenagers allegedly killed by israeli forces as are all says the group breached a fence and launched explosives but relatives reject those claims. you are my song elder green i get my blow up east.