revealing in an interview i don't know if i should say this and i probably shouldn't but and this is very pivotal if you're ever watching a mystery movie bad guys cannot i phones on camera in fact when 3 of the 24 was a big deal in the north. very yet it. was pointed out the fact that all the bad guys were on p.c.'s all the good guys used to have a little mags lie say let's turn that very on its head here's my iphone good here is me and i will be back. with my i phone. barry yeah barry yeah. yeah but are you. making cause space.

so i inara missed the teddy bear. after all i'll be waiting for your call. your international thanks to company tonight i'm all for months as usual in about home. alone welcome to so if you could visionaries me sophie shevardnadze well they say a lot never change that's. true about humans so who is really in charge of my life or my brain and are we one of the say well i talked about this with professor of neurobiology at the university and i'm sure. of us are solved it's

really good to have you on our program so we have lots to discuss you say that any basic trait of a person i don't know such as sexual identity predisposition to something is actually decided in mother's womb when you are 4 your brain is formed within the will a lot of other neuroscientists will argue with you because they're saying what we are is our genes plus the upbringing but in your case you are saying it's not nature versus nurture it's just nature no i have never said that and i think that the distinction between nature and science because from the very beginning it's an interaction between the 2. so it's nature into action this nurture but to not show the stars at the moment of conception so it cme violence in the volume that is also very important it's not only. that you can influence.

the nature. and that means that already in the bone structure of the brain is decided to some extent and some functions are programmed for the rest of your life in the bone when you say to some extent as to what extent like if we have a percentage what is the sense on the function so if you look through sexual orientation and gender identity 100 percent is determined in the hall who really yeah. language language is determined 400 percent. of all. from home you are going in the environments that is shaping your brain for certain language if the chinese child has or has a baby here in the west then it's got some dispersion for language but all the

things this. depends on what function sure are talking on par with the sexual orientation because i think a very important thing that you're pointing out a lot of people would say sexual orientation also depends on where you spend your youth or the that the teenagers like a lot of adult men that are men they said well what the boy school and that's how this thing happened others say yeah well we're born this way but when you say that it's pretty term and in the wall what exactly happens in that brain when you know that you're straight or you're a or you're transgender in the future how does that determine how how do you know if the term yeah so it's for. well let's say homosexuality is for 50 percent determined by the genes and for 50 percent by the way that enough cells make contacts it's called self organization and it also means

that if you have to same genes because you're part of an identical twin then the almost a miss almost sexual chometz that you also will be homosexual is not homo percent it's 80 percent. so it is an interaction between all the aspects that are important for brain development on the basis of the gene state you got from your parents and it doesn't mean that your parents should be homosexual in order to be called homosexual it can be that this is an ethic become force there it increases the chance that you were calm homosexuals but it's not determining it's 400 percent the rest is developed mental process in the wall so if it's a genetic thing you know how right now we can test the embryos for whatever it is genetically whether it's a disease or predispositions they're in that early states. can you actually tell if

your child is going to be homosexual then you bring him up in a certain way no i only said this 50 percent genetic and it. does not mean if you have to. you will be called homosexual so it all depends on what is happening from conception on with us and in addition it's no fun gene so there are diseases like hunting to which you can determine the fetus because as. you can tell this child will at the age of 35 at huntington's but. our sexual orientation this will determine. it's a whole complex of genes and that means that you cannot determine it in the will. but let's say there's a genetic predisposition to homosexuality and then we don't know that as parents

and the child is born and you will bring him up as a straight person. does that make my child a happier person or less happy person because i didn't really follow what he was genetically programmed for because you're saying also in your book that you know if we follow our true nature which is like what our brain programmed programmed us to be we would be much happier yes so how do we do that not even just for homosexuality but actually for anything else like using the programs to be a great pianist but then i decide to be a physician you know and then i'm not as happy if i knew all my life i wanted to be a dancer and my father said no and i know that i would be a happier person to lead brain programmed me to be a dancer but how do you know that from the beginning there are children not yet that's why i'm asking you so many questions because i want them to have to so you still belief that you can feel them in a certain direction i think what you should do is chill them is the possibilities

and see what they like to do and so they will they will tell you by interests what they really like and then the leader like something they will be very good in it because they can put a lot of time and it's not a you push your child into a certain direction and he will do it well if he does it it can be very unhappy and the same also of course for sexual orientation the idea that you can change from person from homosexual into heat to sexual is nonsense and still farms in the united states where people. have to do that's they can stay depending on how much they pay for 6 weeks or 6 months and they only show up this more suicide it's because you cannot change the sexual orientation of

a person. is something like transgender when people want to change church ender. also something that is pre-determined in your mother's womb yeah and also for. being mill or female feeling that you are male or female the 2nd identity is very. determined before birth and it's only because of her during early development the youngest. i saw was 2 years of age. give us convinced. he was born in the wrong body and now it's a beautiful woman. and. parents don't encourage people to. become transsexual it's a disaster but for the families so they do anything you can imagine in order to

stop it but if you can change i think the big question here is because i've spoken to. many people from america very split about whether their child should undergo the therapy of changing gender or not like for instance father says no mother says yes and then the child behaves very differently with father he's a boy and then with mother because she's convinced that he should be a girl he behaves like a girl and i'm thinking a child psychic is so fragile you know like i wanted to be an elf when i was 5 but late as you have changed yes you're right i are and said listen to me you know some how it is for me to analyse that's also why we. don't take any. the 1st noble mesh before the age of 18 so here in the netherlands. boy is convinced that he wants to change into unco it's important that you don't

wait until 18 when he has grown. to meet some big 4 and then try to make an attack to go out so. we do here this postpone purity until us of a team and before that and if female hormones. yes go and. live as and go and have to hold nets for that this death to them and then when they're still convinced it's of. the oprah so it's not something to hurry so that's something that america i think in some states they start this really early when kids are like 6 and 7 and 10 and i mean how can they possibly really know what they want to be at that age but on the other hand if a child knows it's family it's home and there are they good movies from the

netherlands about that also and they tell it in the primary school is to the parents tell the whole class what's happening and then. they don't mind so the next swimming lesson they coerced the old to sex and then they accept it so you thing it's about their environment and they from the very beginning you're saying it's ok you can be whatever you are you want then it's easier for children too. actually choose the path they want to choose. so if you look to the results of. a sex change in the evidence there you can say that 98 percent of the people the chance x. are happy ok that's the to sticks. and if you didn't look into the problems of us 2 of the 2 percent then the problems are the parents the shops

they lost the environment to friends who call it so it's the environment that gives to problems it's not effective they decided to change sex of course you should exclude some people that have because of their indices sometimes the idea that they have to change sex so people who have schizophrenia or people who are from bipolar disorder they have periods in which they want to change sex but if this school is sex crude you cannot expect problems professor so we're going to take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to fessor diggs while the about is in charge of my life me or my brain stay with us.

in london julian assange standing trial on whether he will be extradited to the u.s. to face espionage charges the stakes could not be higher. even life is on the line freedom of speech is also on trial though you wouldn't know the stream media. and we're back with professor swap professor your book we are brains implies that

actually our personalities are defined by the structure of our brain what we're talking about right now. how much of that can be changed when we're poor and for instance if i am pretty supposed to man yet the question. from the very. beginning you know my mother's warm can i reverse that completely with meditation really good psychotherapy i don't know exactly and become completely healthy and rid of that tendency in me well there's no scientific evidence that you can influence manic depression or schizophrenia by. this type of an environmental help so what is important is that you are not exposed to very stressful conditions because doing stress then the disease is becoming worse. but you cannot conceive of this but i told her peace ok let's let's

not talk that extreme if i'm just prone to depression and i'm a melancholic person or i'm an angry person and i'm prone to anger probably lisa can i change that in me completely. no. no you have the film ability and you keep the film ability so you kennels you cannot change its completely but you can do is know about the 2nd stance just a few problems you know about to stressful circumstances know about the personal circumstances if you accept problems and then better do this you film ability that you keep the film ability and that's also the reason that. people of this film ability for depression but something in the environment is happening that makes most people angry or sad they just go into

a depression and you can see the passion you can come out of the question if you keep the film a bit in next time it's happening and so it's comes back. and that means that. psychologist and psych are. tests should. be modest in what they can accomplish they can help people better to deal with it points to the point stay. when you're saying you know you should just realize which situations bring this vulnerability. in you and then sort of try to control it does that mean that only people with the intellect can control this fall nerve billie's 1st as john nash a lot of people would argue that you know he learned how to control his schizophrenia with his intellect towards the end of his life he didn't control it and if you see the movie. why and yeah yes i think so he learnt how to deal with it

so. the. ellison ation still can and he could not make a distinction between house nations and the ideas of the professional idealists because nations are also coming as if they're coming from the outside world and they're real. so here he looms how to deal with it and he is an exception in the sense that most schools are failing people. are not capable of being intellectually so strong of course he is noble order. effects and he is also showing that even if you have an i q you cannot present the obvious nations to come. but you can deal with them harmless too you know the things i mean that you schizophrenia stock will go away ok. you also wrote

in your book that for instance a violinist has a bigger part of the brain which is responsible for his left fingers and you know that's the way he's born no ok it develops as we play that. eileen and so that's what i want to know it's 1st the action and then the brain adjusts to the action or it's the brain and then the action adjusts to the real one is i think the shoot 1st has intelligence to become and a good filing player and then you should have a lot of practice and. if changes in the game that. some of the make you a top 5. so in the brain yes talent working with the brain yes and you can also see that children who. go for 56. they could be on a plane and they have

a lot of pleasure in it and because it gives them pleasure they like to practice and because they practice a lot they can more and more. distance from the rest of the population they become better and better so it's an interaction but you should have a basis for somebody who hates to play the piano and somebody who doesn't have to tell them to well forget it well no but i know a lot of people who don't have the talent but they love it so much that they become better pianists and those who have talent that i would like to see in scientific study you know i don't believe. ok so. if we can actually. figure out by a person's brain what kind of predispositions he has and you're saying we can't. well i don't say that if by studying the brain. we can do that by studying

the behavior just behavior you know because there's no such thing because i was thinking before coming here professor tells me that there's this like scan where he can scan like a baby's brain in a mother's womb and figure out if he's pretty supposed to be a murderer or a genius mathematician then you can really organize the society and its future and then that's nice not great but not that's not thank god because there will be worse than this scary stories about artificial intellect taking over humanity and all of that. no you can only buy skins. apply monotheists the will prevent somebody to have a normal life and of course then you can decide for abortion but it's only cause no monotheists and no telephones or things that. well the character of childhood is something like that it's not possible. you know

when we go to jim and for instance i tell my trainer i want to have speaker biceps he gives me exercise and then you know the shape changes can you do something similar with brain and. felix forces can i teach my brain how to love or to be compassionate if i don't have it in me to exercise your brain like you exercise your biceps well for a lot of you need empathy. and there are people who are empathy. and they coast states today they don't mind what they do to all the people. call them psychopaths. those people. i trained. for empathy without any success so far if you don't have empathy from the beginning you kennels kiss person empathy what does what exactly tell me scientifically what

determines in the brain whether i have empathy or not what kind of connections and ignorance like what is it well. known as we call them. and they. mirror what d.m. vironment is doing so if a model is. doing making so movements and the child is mimic. then the brain learns how to make that movement but if the mobile is making that movement then the child sees it as whole idea enough to make the brain that move and saying the see if it's necessary for the same holds for emotions if you have the capability for emotions for empathy and you have an

interaction you see that somebody you love is set or happy and then you also mimic those emotions and the brain learns how to deal with stuff but if you don't have it. by inborn. differences then it's impossible to get it but how do you explain sometimes the fact that the child is born in despicable conditions from crack had parents violent parents goes from one foster family to another where he's abused and then somehow that person who we think is going to be just like the parents a criminal or a drug addict becomes one of the best humans in the world how do you explain that huge. just tell me if i were important development that is back on this and. the environmentalists not so important if you have the capabilities if you have the

brain formerly almost. makes you and well and special person in any foreign service. he gave us it's by his father if he did study enough because his father wanted to use his stuff and. finally he. escapes from the family i think it is so 16 or so early and he passed into europe he was also involved think him in all activities like the father in campbell etc even most probably involved in killing a person but he made beautiful music yes and that was his style and the telling us coming from his father who also was missing well wagner was a terrible human being who made beautiful music as you will know. i well knew in this case that he is the really that right. so there was this study

where. i don't know what it was called there was a huge study and i was going through 80 for preparing for you and it actually said that according to that you could tell by the size of our making to let. our political leanings for instance if they make you do it was bigger there's 99 percent chance that you're a conservative and vice versa do you believe that well it's hold this case based on statistics and it shouldn't shall miss that somebody is so i thought left . for a person. it's not possible to predict you are on our toes i think depending on the mix so it's only for an coupe it's like understand moment no well i tried to explain that if i say men are longer then women. are quite

a number of students here in the lab who are longer than i am still for coop i can say men are longer than women. the statistics yes it depends what nations you're talking about know everybody everywhere yes for the whole coop and the same environment men and women but from the size of somebody's if i get only the size. 85 i cannot say with some men or woman. so for coop you can make predictions but i'll try to do that ok so it's a really rough overall or statistics is this for sale if you call it off statistics well it's important to note that what if a property. talking about it has an availability huge failure billet. that's holds for everything not only for tell and in some direction but for

a whole properties and the variation was the big. this off for lucian i think that evolution for our brain that for us has stopped we can discuss that but the variation is still there and always people who are and the in the extremes. society doesn't like that if you are in the extreme for a property you should be in the middle then everybody feels safe but those people in the extremes can also call a special thanks presser solved it's been a pleasure talking to you thank you very much for this interview and good luck with everything thank you thank you.

in the troubled 19 seventies a group of killers rampage through parts of northern ireland that was coordinated loyalist attacks particularly on the population of belfast tens of thousands were forced to flee their homes come up with straight and put these attacks was a p.r. you see the police actually took part in the attacks so instead of preventing it they were active participants in the burning of full streets in belfast at the time more than a 100 innocent civilians were unloaded as the review can seniors and we found out more i was surprised about the extent and the take rates which the solution was involved in some of those cases that killers would later be named said to the now new jag i think it went to the very very top i think

it the frosts the water where all the patients you thought was going on and give the go ahead. in a phone call the presidents of russia and turkey greater prioritize anything about series that lead province amid rising tensions between their forces and off the streets and killed in syria a turkish official night says they will no longer stop threatening choose from crossing into big new things from courted large groups already making their way to degree porter. and his buddy sound as in the polls one billionaire donor to the democrats tells the party to unite behind any party but claim that the socialist senator cannot think trouble.