because. of our economy in your backyard . because. the low countries are bigger visionaries he says. as a colleague 19 pandemic cripples a cause on health care systems wildlife scientists are scrambling able to raise a horrific scene against an overlap some others are joining random surveillance and need to even start. a yellow scholars positions and search. the debates around yellow he

wrote her a ology an immunologist curry university great happy with this reservoir takes ears sort of scenes he develops for it since well that's 6 years worth while as it takes a lot. well the key is you have to make a wreck scene that's not only safe but works. well takes many years to figure that out you can't give people especially healthy people were targets of the vaccine you can't give them something it's going to make them sick and that's not going to work and so you have to test it 1st in the laboratory in animals and you have to test for safety and then finally you have tested to see if it prevents the disease you know you're looking for years is not bad it took 50 years to make a polio vaccine so we're doing much better than we used to. scientists are promising to haven't seen against this current wireless by age of 21. how do we

know that it will be there perhaps well there are no there are no guarantees in beck's analogy but it would seem really encouraging is that i think there are over 60 kompany is working on for sars kovi to a vaccine using all different technologies so we have all sorts of approaches that we can use to develop vaccines these days we're not limited to just one or 2 kinds and so i think that really improves the likelihood that one of them at least or maybe 2 are going to work so i have pretty good confidence that out of those 60 different approaches and i was looking at the list last night it's amazing how many different kinds of vaccine approaches are being taken one of those should work since we have people who have contracted the virus and recovered wait here which is right there on to the original but cells are something that everywhere we can in fact that is one of the approaches that's being tried we can in

a very fast approach we can take antibodies or serum from those people who are recovered we can give them to other people to try and resolve the infection but that's not a long term solution other companies are isolating the cells from those patients that make antibodies and perpetuating them in cells so we can have wong or term solutions but none of that is permanent immunity it's only temporary and if we want a vaccine to give you permanent community. you contracted colleagues can you get a game do you have permanently to to call it if you have it once. well that's a really good question and we don't know yet because we don't have much experience with this virus but if we look at other coronaviruses and there are a number of them out there that infect people immunity after infection lasts about a year and then you can get rid of check that but disease is much much milder so i've sink you will be similar force to you will be immune for about

a year and then maybe you will be reinjected but you may not even notice it or would just be a mild common cold type of infection i think that is most likely the outcome so many experts say that the current house says the summer of the 2nd wave may be karelia not on. more than a journalistic side people have officially cover it. with no symptoms those who don't even register is sick and that means astable are already somewhat it means the virus and their number is constantly rising well this will be now the bill still hold her he. can wait. so i think my from my calculations we need somewhere between 50 and 70 percent of the population to be mewed to prevent spread of priors to achieve the herd immunity that you are saying there and

i don't think that we're going to achieve having this 1st wave of infections i think we do have more people infected then we know because throughout the world the testing is not uniform and it's not extensive enough so i think more people are being attacked but it's not going to reach 50 and 70 percent and so unfortunately there will be a 2nd wave most likely in the winter for example when when it gets cold again. will we have to go on another lockdown in winter or will well already just follow the current definitely until atlantic city i hope we don't prolong her current one i think that would be difficult for the world to take i think that the current lockdown will probably end around june or sorrow and then maybe it at least here in the in the temperate climates northern hemisphere probably around november there will be another wave of infection i think it will be much milder because they'll be a lot of population immunity and i don't think we will have to go into another

lockdown and perhaps by then we will have some virals or our sera to help treat people as well 35 rehearsal why are currently working on a taxi against currently 9000 some have already started clinical testing even words as bad 100 books and mysterious 1st well i'm sure which you. i would bet on the world because that's the way i'm looking at this i'm not betting on a country i would really like all scientists globally to look at this as a global problem and not one for their country to sob and i hope that any company who are university that makes a vaccine will share it with everyone else because we're all in this together we're . all dying and getting sick together no matter of what nation we are in so that's the way i view it well i asked pretty sure that whoever gets it 1st will share with us the world but i'm out late in terms of advance.

research return should you think 1st come up with that's what i meant yeah i understand i just don't know because i'm a most familiar with what is going on here in the us but europe there are vaccine approaches and in your country as well so you know just having than the greatest number of laboratories working on it doesn't guarantee success so it's really hard to predict or couldn't do that now who going back to we're all in this together and i feel the same way sadly people have put all their differences aside little girl included and there how they come together well why eat and went about vaccine comes out how where exactly how do you minister it shocks me at all in the world who gets it personal he is saying that. medical stuff get it 1st or how to make sure everyone gets it yeah that is a wonderful question and i hope that people who are in charge are thinking about

that right now because you think about all the doses we're going to need so 1st i'm hoping there's more than one of axeman so that we don't have to just take one only and make so much of it but obviously we're going to need multiple nations producing this vaccine so in a way it's reduced has to be shared messman produce that are large quantity in multiple countries and in each country there has to be a coordinated effort to distribute it at multiple places obviously you can't just have it at one place within a country you need it throughout the country there are a number of approaches being used and some of them require injection others require what we call a skin needle patch which doesn't require a needle and it would be great if we could use that where you. no need trained personnel who have to inject the vaccine but there's no doubt it's going to be a logistical nightmare because you really really have to scale up the number of places where people are are immunized otherwise you're not going to cover everyone who would be good to be able to start this in the summer of 2021 for example for

the the whole arrives when the next circulation began. to read have any idea how let's step back seeing costs come back see. just maybe once again in terms of accessibility for everyone. well i am hoping the governments will pay for it and i'm not sure how much it's going to cost some companies have already said they would donate so many doses of the vaccine which is great i think every country should pay for it and help circulate it and that will get rid of this this year whether rich people get it 1st which is completely unacceptable right everyone should get in line to get it and that depends on government's paying for no questions about it no questions policy clearly denying he is a great will answer and we're all equal 'd. why people who wish he'd still be that for the sake of public safety and using it with force. i've been thinking

about that a lot also you know because right i think if we had a vaccine today probably everyone would take it quick maybe next year the year after year as you say they'll be people who don't want to be vaccinated right now we don't force people to take vaccines we tell them they can't send their kids to school for example and they have to homeschool them so i would think the same would apply to this virus i think we can vaccinate enough people even with those extreme deniers there i think we can vaccinate enough people to give herd immunity so that it's not a problem. there is the coolest sense that suggests a conscious which has a mandatory vaccination against certain who you know assistant who so the countries portugal ireland some other as well are less saturday current demi and those that. see what should. be c.e. vaccine provide protection from holland i think so when i look at the numbers and

has chosen portugal and. ireland and there are definitely much less than well whatever realities you are america and in terms of mortality that there are much less nasty interests. so yeah i think we have to be careful when we inter. those data are 1st of all the testing is not the same in every country globally and that can influence the results plus if you just simply look at the number of quoted $1000.00 cases with me and in countries with b.c.g. vaccination there may be other factors that are making a difference that we don't know about so in any event the numbers are very small the difference caused by b.c.g. is little and i'm not sure that that would be a useful approach for an entire world to take. sick colleague 98 south legals that mutates into other flu like seasonal thanked me or like many of them are just 3

days out is there any point in this is that seeing what celebrities. so we look at all the coronavirus that we know about the poor seasonal coronaviruses that in fact the severino year sars one and mers coronavirus none of them change and that way too is a immunity what we call antigenic we stable so i would say this one is no different and we are going to use one vaccine and it will be affecting us for years to come there will be a need to change it every year like we do sure influenza virus. or any all educational break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to dr vincent racaniello a haystack master of the knowledge of columbia university. how soon are we going to get in the current year and he'd say less. to.

the. truth. join me every thursday

on the alex simon show and i'll be speaking to guest of the world of politics sports business i'm showbusiness i'll see that. the swarms of them so much. good your local was before. much of those who heard it's a preview of few other movies to see him we will. we will we're going to. move. move. move show you this look beautiful the book i mean it's going to look good. more than just love most of these girls will give you films for good girls. to go to shows look look your sim you belong if you show your story to actually go. to

start ups to hold off some of the to me to do it with a little mist let's see look it is it's. just the schneiders test just you know it's a mash dog truck to stop the president from the screen trying to project until. the 3 of petitions to go to school to snap them up in newark because that was the girls who were to swear his supporters to your machine station machines for you should cook door for one whose job is the only.

and we're back with dr maizes ariela he's professor of biology and an old ship because he gave. everyone else something not nice is past 3 months are insistent actually is a mystery what defines a strong he insists is an age absence of chronic disease babbit some say why is it well that's a great question and immunologists the people who study the immune system would really like to know why as we age our immune systems get weaker that's one question and why and some people our immune system is actually detrimental it over acts and makes us actually sick or in a number of these patients with sars kovi to infection you know the immune system is actually causing some of their pathology and we have no idea why some people have that and others react quite normally it's a big mystery in the immune system but obviously figuring it out is is going to

help us in the future to treat these infections in the moment we can use their appease that blunt the immune system in certain patients so for example there's an antibody to a receptor for a cytokine that's being used and seems to have good promise in some patients so we're learning slowly added glantz that overexuberant immune response. you really have any idea why some people have to resist the current of liars and urgency succumb to it is there are rules. no we have no idea if we did we would be able to treat those individuals who have a problem and that you know that explaining that difference you know it's partially about your immune system about it being in control and not overreacting but it's also about controlling the virus right so in some people the virus seems to be able to be controlled. well in other people it's not and this is not just unique to

corona virus and this happens with all viruses whenever you unchecked the population of people with any virus you get a whole range of outcomes you get people who don't even get sick and at the other and you get people who die and this is this is precisely one more time to have a new sentence a holiday get the virus that they really mean that they don't have the scissors because they're releasing the stronger and others know it's proper it's probably that their immune system is not overreacting because a lot of our symptoms of an infection by a virus are caused by our immune system so if you have a virus and you're shown no symptoms the virus is there but you're not overreacting . which is a guess choosing maybe sicily increase it protect myself from the corner virus or should i just little i think you have to leave it alone because we really don't know enough to say yeah you should be boosting it i mean we do know that there are certain things you shouldn't be doing for example you should be smoking because we

know that suppresses your immune response especially in the launch pad so those kind of things are obvious but in terms of boosting we really don't know enough to be able to recommend that the limit and general 8 we're just saying that maybe our you mean sisson said we can buy a relying on pills to combat the regular seasonal flu lehrer's because every time a flu season. everyone is selling yellows hilton. is sort of the story at least this. i don't think that influenza virus. antidotes have anything to do with their what i think is a big factor in regulating your responses to virus infections or the bacteria that are colonizing you know the micro biome in your aspirants or retract in your intestines you know we acquire those at a young age and i think they're very important for modulating the effects of

a virus infection and i suspect that when kids are raised in a kind of a sterile clean environment they don't get these the right bacteria the good bacteria and again this is another area of study that is cirrhosis lee underway and people are trying to figure out what's going on i think that's more important than anything you could take for influenza virus so you mentioned that not the. family of coronaviruses being around forever so there's this group. known to humanity why haven't really got universal basket case the most. that is a great question and we actually should i would say we could have prevented this can damage but we weren't ready for a number of reasons because you know the problem is that companies that are making vaccines an anti-virus they want to make a profit and so they don't make them if there is no virus to make them against and so after sars wanted disappeared very quickly there was no incentive we should have

been working on anti-virals broadly acting coronavirus and there are rules and even vaccines i think it's an indictment of the way we make for advantage of medicines in the world and i hope that changes after this outbreak well the g m a could be 19 a saturday almost 80 percent serious you the sars that we had great silly radio that seemed against sars back then. we had cold nights and never today you know probably not very. i think we could have designed a vaccine based on sars wonder what would have prevented this current virus yes i do think it was absolutely preventable and it's an indictment of the way companies work that it wasn't. certainly maxiell aka cyrus was not because there was there were financial sort of let's say he was too small anyway she must says a come of them which helped to regularly buy

a loss an economic site well no i don't think so i think it's a big mistake and now we see the outcome we have this pandemic that could have been prevented and i think it slowly changes there are some nonprofit organizations that raise money to fund the development of anti-virals and vaccines for what we consider rare diseases and those kinds of nonprofits are going to be the future in vaccine development to be able to develop a vaccine for a rare disease and bring it to the point where if the disease becomes more common with vaccine will be ready to test missionaries and kind of i don't know how a vaccine research center that will just work here is for everything the rate our lead no matter the sales potential future growth i think that's one approach and you know in the u.s. we have the n.o.a.a. track scene research center which was founded with that idea that's not big enough so it's not big enough to do all this you're suggesting but i think every country that can do this that has the research capability should yes establish

a vaccine research institute and fund it well and have experimental vaccines develop and brought to the point even through safety trials and people where if there is an outbreak they could be deployed very quickly in a lot of play research coming up with not only days depends on artificial intelligence dana i mean is it smart enough to actually deliver. i don't think we're there yet i think the you know ai needs to have some information in order to make programming decisions i don't think we're there i think they can make suggestions but in the end you know it's a biological problem you still have to make a drug or a vaccine that works in an animal and so a gay ah is getting good at suggesting what to try but it's not there it's hitting at the 1st time. well there so much conspiracy theories and the whole current

19 weighting of math version of it being artificially sorry. i think these are all crazy theories and you know people like to engage in to spirit these queries and blame other people for the world's problems but you know if you look at the genome of this virus it's very clear that no human could have made it it just has some very interesting features that are so clever that only nature could have come up with them so i i think any of these theories conspiracy theories got out of a lab accidental outbreak accidental release of deliberate release have 0 faith in them they don't make any sense to me and i think people who are promulgating them should really use their time in a better way why not a larger service that will stop the question i asked my guests who actually come on to my share because a lot of people feel that you know this is something

a great session center acts react revalue it we really mean allow people have sat this virus could have had any other sewer he could be i don't know have a flower for instance as a citizen over the wire it's the way it happens that you're sitting at home and you're home and you can't breathe and that's not our managers our past 20 years no reason we're here to do something somalia or the form of the virus or do you think there's like maybe great there are bigger and they send out to us humans to think why would change this well what we're doing to it. you know humans can interpret things that happen anyway they walk in miss is a biological planet and it's all driven by nature and natural selection and evolution there's there's no consciousness behind something like a higher. us viruses emerge because they can from the days of the 1st cells on

earth millions of years ago there were viruses there are parasites and they've been here ever since they don't care what they infect they just infect automatically and this disease could have been much worse it could have been much milder but i think the lesson is that viruses are always going to be with us we'll never be able to get rid of them they're always going to be emerging there will be a sars 3 and 4 and other viruses coming not just from bats from other animals and we need to be ready for there weren't ready for this one and i'm hoping this lesson teaches people that we really need to be more prepared for the next one. wonderful . better thank you good talking with the. bigger.

this is a story of women and women with troubled histories and complex court cases you know some of us deadly leave off who lives out there. who are not. the person that bears the cheesiness of the day are considered the most dangerous of

criminals she's innocent of. all the off 23 hours of the day tell me that it's not enough additional. world of women on death row on r.t. . humanity is on the edge of a precipice thanks to a continuing destruction of the natural world. we just seem laid out a lot of bills also. a later period of. the lobbying it can hold up. for but. i think that all of the war. there or the. us.

doesn't have dealing in the muslim world as i am. here. and stuff and. ship them say that is a ruse the movement. of human activity has brought us to the brink of the world's 6th major extinction of it lead and the people in this film just can't take it anymore. please. seek. to. lead. the.

nation she teaches. hello and welcome to cross talk where all things are considered i'm peter lavelle with the coronavirus now officially declared a pandemic the world faces the additional burden of an oil market collapse this comes at a time when demand for crude was already low some are calling this the ultimate perfect storm how this all ends is anyone's guess.