yes and recover it way up here which is right there on to the original but cells or something and give that to everyone we can in fact that is one of the approaches that's being tried we can in a very fast approach we can take antibodies or serum from those people who are recovered we can give them to other people to try and resolve the infection but that's not a long term solution other companies are isolating the cells from those patients that make antibodies and perpetuating them in cells so we can have wong or term solutions but none of that is permanent immunity it's only temporary and if we want a vaccine to give you permanent community. you contract. can you get a game do you have permanently to to call it if you have it once now that's a really good question and we don't know yet because we don't have much experience with this virus but if we look at other coronaviruses and there are

a number of them out there that infect people immunity after infection last about a year and then you can get reinfected but disease is much much milder so i think you will be similar for sars kovi 2 you will be immune for about a year and then maybe you will be reinjected but you may not even notice it or would just be a mild common cold type of infection i think that is most likely the outcome so many experts say that the current house says the summer of the 2nd wave may be karelia not. more than a joiner's the side people have officially coverage. with no symptoms those who didn't even register is sick and that is osted will are already somewhat it means the virus and their number is constantly rising will this people be now she still still hold her he. can wait. so i think my from my calculations

we need somewhere between 50 and 70 percent of the population to be mewed to prevent spread of priors to achieve the herd immunity that you are saying there and i don't think that we're going to achieve that in this 1st wave of infections i think we do have more people infected then we know because throughout the world the testing is not uniform and it's not extensive enough so i think more people are being attacked but it's not going to reach 50 and 70 percent and so unfortunately there will be a 2nd wave most likely in the winter for example when when it gets cold again. will we have to go on another lockdown and when you're all well well are ready to just follow the current definitely until it kind of. i hope we don't prolong her current one i think that would be difficult for the world to take i think that the current lockdown will probably end around june or sorrow and then maybe it at least

here in the in the temperate climates northern hemisphere probably around november there will be another wave of infection i think it will be much milder because they'll be a lot of population immunity and i don't think we will have to go into another lockdown and perhaps by then we will have some virals or our sera to help treat people as well 35 were very slow why are currently working on a taxi against 19. have already started clinical testing even word sabbat 100 books and mysterious 1st well i'm sure which you. i would bet on the world because that's the way i'm looking at this i'm not betting on a country i would really like all scientists globally to look at this as a global problem and not one for their country to solve and i hope that any company where university that makes a vaccine will share it with everyone else and it cuz we're all in this together we're. all dying and getting sick together no matter of what nation we are in so

that's the way i view it well i asked pretty sure that whoever gets it 1st will share with us the world but i'm out late in terms of advance. research return should you think 1st come up with that for months now i understand i just don't know because i'm a most familiar with what is going on here in the us but europe there are vaccine approaches and in your country as well so you know just having than the greatest number of laboratories working on it doesn't guarantee success so it's really hard predict a couldn't do that now who are going back to we're all in this together and i feel the same way sadly people have put all their differences aside in that it will include and there how they come together well why eat and went about vaccine comes out how where exactly how do you minister it shot in the world who gets it

personal he is saying that. medical stuff get it 1st or how do you make sure everyone gets it yeah that is a wonderful question and i hope that people who are in charge are thinking about that right now because you think about all the doses we're going to need so 1st i'm hoping there's more than one of exene so that we don't have to just take one only and make so much of it but obviously we're going to need multiple nations producing this vaccine so in a way it's reduced has to be shared messman produced at home large quantity in multiple countries and in each country there has to be a coordinated effort to distribute it at multiple places obviously you can't just have it at one place within a country you need it throughout the country there are a number of approaches being used and some of them require injection others require what we call a skin needle catch which doesn't require a needle and it would be great if we could use that where you. don't need trained personnel who have to inject the vaccine but there's no doubt it's going to be

a logistical nightmare because you really really have to scale up the number of places where people are are immunized otherwise you're not going to cover everyone it would be good to be able to start this in the summer of 2021 for example for the the whole arrives when the next circulation began. to read have any idea how what step that scene cost is. x.e. i'm just thinking once again in terms of accessibility for everyone. well i am hoping the governments will pay for it and i'm not sure how much it's going to cost some companies have already said they would donate so many doses of the vaccine which is great i think every country should pay for it and help circulate it and that will get rid of this this year whether rich people get it 1st which is completely unacceptable right everyone should get in line to get it and that depends on government's paying for no questions about it no questions commissaire

clearly 19 is a great we'll answer and we're all equal 'd. why people who wish jesus to be that for the sake of public safety is using it with force. i've been thinking about that a lot also you know because right i think if we had a vaccine today probably everyone would take it quick maybe next year the year after year as you say they'll be people who don't want to be vaccinated right now we don't force people to take vaccines we tell them they can't send their kids to school for example and they have to homeschool them so i would think the same would apply to this virus i think we can vaccinate enough people even with those extreme deniers there i think we can vaccinate enough people to give herd immunity so that it's not a problem. there is the complete sentence that suggests a conscious which has a mandatory vaccination against certain who you know assistant who some of the countries portugal ireland some other as well are less attractive current demi and

those that. went to church i mean this is the c.e.o. that seems provide protection from callie and i think when i look at the numbers and has chosen portugal and. ireland there are definitely much less than well whatever realities you are america and in terms of mortality there are much less nasty interests. so yeah i think we have to be careful when we inter. those data are 1st of all the testing is not the same in every country globally and that can influence the results plus if you just simply look at number of covert $1000.00 cases with me and in countries of b.c.g. vaccination there may be other factors that are making a difference that we don't know about so in any event the numbers are very small the difference caused by b.c.g. is little and i'm not sure that that would be

a useful approach for an entire world to take. sick colleague 98 south windows and mutate into the flu like seasonal thing. just today is there any point in this that since letterman. so we look at all the coronavirus that we know about the 4 seasonal coronaviruses that in fact those every year sars one and murders coronavirus none of them change in that way to reach a community where we call antigenic we stable so i would say this one is no different and we are going to use one vaccine it will be for years to come there will be a need to change it every year like we've been sure influenza virus. new talking to dr vincent. di a university. degree

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well reduce and lower. that's undercutting but what's good for markets is not good for the global economy. medical authority at all ever and the reason for that is i had this horrible autoimmune disorder growing up and it turns out it was completely alleviated with very drastic dietary measures and i went to a number of doctors to discuss what happened to me and i was basically laughed at like diet has nothing to do with our immune disorders so my suggestion to people who have health issues they can't figure out if they're going to see a medical professional and they've been going for 10 years and they're still in the same place they should probably take it upon themselves to start testing things out testing out diet testing out exercise and try and figure out things on their own.

when alone being in faeces know you thought it sunk in so they don't know what it might have. the symbol of peace we don't drink it's time will tell me. there are some.

certain. things. will go up and the baby had a fever over $38.00 so points. very well we're hoping that so. that it will all be ok. thinking of getting a new puppy once we got in here she was as he didn't know until he was trapped in this tiny little wired how much he could be near the crate with the wall. reaching out. for him anywhere near. reading dogs or caged in the in human conditions on puppy farm i mean 67 years you know they've been locked up in a cage outside you see no protection from the weather the heat you know the courtier the rain the snow the thunder nothing they have no protection.

particularly you. know it's ok. across the u.s. cruel puppy mills are supported by dog shows and pet stores most of the puppies are coming from these large scale factory farming kind of operations are being sought in stores even joined a group businesses are involved but can't get them sent up there has been a shocking amount of the organizing opposition to adverts to increase the standards of care for dogs bred in commercial rating for so many most of that opposition is coming from huge agricultural forums and industries that have nothing to do with jobs don't buy dog.

and rat whereas dog. oh he's professor of microbiology and immunology. everyone's talking about immune system in the past 2 or 3 months are interested in actually isn't this what defines a strong systems and. age axis of chronic disease bad something what is it well that's a great question and immunologists the people who study the immune system would really like to know why as we age our immune systems get weaker that's one question and why in some people our immune system is actually detrimental it over acts and makes us actually sick or a number of these patients with sars kovi to infection you know the immune system is actually causing some of their pathology and we have no idea why some people have that and others react quite normally it's a big mystery in the immune system but obviously figuring it out is is going to

help us in the future to treat these infections in the moment we can use their appeased that blunt the immune system in certain patients so for example there's an antibody to a receptor for a cytokine that's being used and seems to have good promise in some patients so we're learning slowly added glint that overexuberant immune response. you really have any idea why some people have to restrict colonel larsen urchins succumb to it is there are rules that no we have no idea if we did we would be able to treat those individuals who have a problem and that you know that explaining that difference it's partially about your immune system about it being in control and not overreacting but it's also about controlling the virus right so in some people the virus seems to be able to be controlled well in other people it's not and this is not just unique to

coronaviruses this happens with all viruses whenever you uncheck the population of people with any virus you get a whole range of outcomes you get people who don't even get sick and at the other and you get people who die and this is precisely one more time to have no symptoms at all the data. the virus that they really mean that they don't have this is very nice of the stronger and others know it's part it's probably that their immune system is not overreacting because a lot of our symptoms of an infection by a virus are caused by our immune system so if you have a virus and you're shown no symptoms the virus is there but you're not overreacting . would you say dash it losing a resistant late present scripts have the corner virus or should i just leave it alone i think you have to leave it alone because we really don't know enough to say yeah you should be boosting it i mean we do know that there are certain things you shouldn't be doing for example you should be smoking because we know that

suppresses your immune response especially in the launch pad so those kind of things are obvious but in terms of boosting we really don't know enough to be able to recommend that that will lend general 8 we're just saying that maybe our you mean sisson said we can buy a relying on pills to combat the regular seasonal flu lehrer's because every time a flu season. everyone is selling you know lucy olsen. is sort of the story and he says. i don't think that influenza virus. antidotes have anything to do with their what i think is a big factor in regulating your responses to virus infections or the bacteria that are colonizing you know the micro biome in your aspirants or retract in your intestines you know we acquire those at a young age and i think they're very important for modulating the effects of a virus infection and i suspect that when kids are raised in a kind of

a sterile clean environment they don't get these the right bacteria the good bacteria and again this is another area of study that is cirrhosis lee underway and people are trying to figure out what's going on i think that's more important than anything you could take for influenza virus so you mentioned that not the. family of coronaviruses being around forever so there's this group. known to humanity why haven't really got universal mass against them all right. that is a great question and we actually should i would say we could have prevented this can damage but we weren't ready for a number of reasons because you know the problem is that companies that are making vaccines an anti-virus they want to make a profit and so they don't make them if there is no virus to make them against and so after sars wanted disappeared very quickly there was no incentive we should have

been working on anti-virals broadly acting coronavirus and there are rules and even vaccines i think it's an indictment of the way we make for advantage of medicines in the world and i hope that changes after this outbreak well the g m a could be 19 a saturday almost 80 percent serious you the sars that we had great silly radio that seemed against sars back then. we had cold nights and never today no probably not ready i think we could have designed a vaccine based on sars wonder what would have prevented this current virus yes i do think it was absolutely preventable and it's an indictment of the way companies work that it wasn't. certainly maxiell aka cyrus was not because there was there were financial service let's say he was too small anyway she must use a comma completely healthy regularly by a loss an economic fight well no i don't think so i think it's

a big mistake and now we see the outcome we have this pandemic that could have been prevented and i think it slowly changes there are some nonprofit organizations that raise money to fund the development of anti-virals and vaccines for what we consider rare diseases and those kinds of nonprofits are going to be the future in vaccine development will be able to develop a vaccine for a rare disease and bring it to the point where if the disease becomes more common with vaccine will be ready to test missionaries and kind of i don't know how a vaccine research center that will just work here is for everything we rate our lead no matter the sales potential future growth i think that's one approach and you know in the u.s. we have a new in a track scene research center which was founded with that idea but that's not big enough so it's not big enough to do all this you're suggesting but i think every country that can do this that has the research capability should yes establish a vaccine research institute and fund it well and have experimental vaccines

develop and brought to the point even through safety trials and people where if there is an outbreak they could be deployed very quickly in loxley research and coming up with now a days depends on artificial intelligence they know is it smart enough to actually do. i don't think we're there yet i think the you know ai needs to have some information in order to make programming decisions i don't think we're there i think they can make suggestions but in the end you know it's a biological problem you still have to make a drug or a vaccine that works in an animal and so a gay ah is getting good at suggesting what to try but it's not there it's hitting at the 1st time. well there so much conspiracy theories and the whole current 19 waiting about version of it being artificially fabricated i

think these are all crazy theories and you know people like to engage in to spirit these queries and blame other people for the world's problems but you know if you look at the genome of this virus it's very clear that no human could have made it it just has some very interesting features that are so clever that only nature could have come up with them so i i think any of these theories conspiracy theories got out of a lab accidental outbreak accidental release of deliberate release have 0 faith in them they don't make any sense to me and i think people who are promulgating them should really use their time in a better way when not a larger serves the question i asked our my guests who actually come on to my share because a lot of people feel that you know this is something a great session center acts revalue it we really mean

a lot of people have sat this virus could have had any other sewer he could be i know have a flower for instance as a citizen over the wire it's the way it happens that you're sitting at home and you're home and you can't breathe and that's not our managers our past 20 years no reason we're here doing something somaly not the form of virus or gee i think there's like maybe great there are bigger and dia has sent out to us humans to think why would you change this well we're you. know well you know humans can interpret things that happen anyway they walk in miss is a biological planet and it's all driven by nature and natural selection and viruses emerge because they can from the days of the 1st cell. on earth billions of years ago there were viruses there are parasites and they've been here ever since they

don't care what they infect they just infect automatically and this disease could have been much worse it could have been much milder but i think the lesson is that viruses are always going to be with us we'll never be able to get rid of them they're always going to be emerging there will be a sars 3 and 4 and other viruses coming not just from bats from other animals and we need to be ready for there weren't ready for this one and i'm hoping this lesson teaches people that we really need to be more prepared for the next one. will. thank you good talking with you. to get. a good.

this is a story of women and women with troubled histories and complex cold cases you know some of us did really believe awful lives out there. where not. the person that. the cheesiness of the day are considered the most dangerous of criminals she's in a still. body off 23 hours of the day tell me that is not enough punishment. will give women on death row. with the coronavirus now officially declared a pandemic the world faces the additional burden of an oil market collapse this

comes at a time when demand for crude was already known some her calling this the ultimate perfect storm how this all ends this place gets. the swarms of them so mine. was before. much of those who heard the food you. were going to. move. move. move showed you the snooper you believe you are looking to. move to this. view for her go go. go go to a local group would assume you will you stuart. should go. to starts

to. get to me to fill it with the little missed dates to look at is it. just asked not to attempt to just meet them mashed on. the street the president and please introduce more to. those who have petitions to post this for to snoop on what i knew of because those are the girls who would swear his supporters to your shoes shouldn't feel you should cook door for one was your desire. humanity is on the edge of the precipice thanks to continuing destruction of the natural world.

you just seem laid out a lot of gives us a call to receive it was in much of a later period of. the movie and you didn't hold up. for the new. i think it got over the war for 30 or near there or that the bottom where. it was only dealing in the muslim world as i am. here surrounded as the. ship them through the. human activity has brought us to the brink of the world's 6th major extinction of it and the people in this film just can't take it anymore.

homes across europe are devastated by the covert 900 pandemic with many residents passing away without receiving treatment and the tally a retirement home director describes the dire conditions. i would describe what happened as a tsunami losing so many people at the same time as terrible. new york city hires contract labor to bury dozens of bodies in a trench on heart island with morgues unable to cope with the soaring fatalities. and rush of it opec agreed to slash oil production to stabilize the global market but the plan hits a road block because mexico refuses to comply more talks lie ahead.