researches will cover almost 3000 kilometers in trans polar aircraft and they'll stay here until the antarctic summer returns. snow in the very heart of antarctica has one amazing property. when the temperature drops below minus $55.00 it becomes a drive frozen sand if a plane lands on it friction instantly heats its skis which then refreeze solidly onto the runway. that's why planes can only fly between mid december and early february just 2 months in every year for the rest of the time that people are completely cut off from the outside while.

stocks water supply is drawn from the snow. the station sits more than 3500 meters above sea level that that altitude even the fittest of people time have very quickly due to the low oxygen levels. were there sort of part of. you were working. there with the hopes that open. but the. conditions here are truly unique human the average temperature in december and january falls below minus. and in winter minus 80 is par for the course.

atmospheric pressure is 40 percent lower than on the mainland and there's less oxygen in the. joint pain and bleeds all symptoms of a climate as a nation it can take a whole months for a body to adapt. to. your water to be. better susie will. show us the soviet union at that time went to watch the station because it was the 1st fall the place from the coast from anywhere in the guide was the most challenging place i mean the way the soviet union wanted to show how good they where the hunting very extreme conditions so the felt was more important the core won the scientific one now is different this iteration is very much driven by science.

all of antarctica risk covered by an ice sheet that can be up to 4 kilometers think that's enough to cover the entire planet in a 50 meter think clarifies. of the way to go and you push that going to go because i want to go. with the nation i don't know what the up and even know i'm going to do with a board of credibility because. the normal will be going to think i'm a little bit wealthy and. that they were that then they were the other so interesting and they're getting something new coke and then when the core of. the core. i've. won of the biggest geographical discoveries in the 2nd half of the 20th century

scientists had long suspected that there was a link the size of europe subglacial lake vostok contains water that is millions of years old. but to reach it you have to drill through the so-called atmospheric ice formed by the snow that has fallen in antarctica for millennia. one theory is that the lake formed because the ice sheet above it melted under the pressure of its own weight another is that the one you can't always existed even before antarctica froze over and that the ice sheets simply sealed it in. a different attitude the state is that was in the can to do with a bit of the south of the of the good through for the birth of the british it's on earth but i'm pleased to be on as a short the burden of the social and delicious to of the. the late 20th century saw

the 1st attempts to reach the lake by drilling through the kilometers of ice that concealed this unique body of water. source talk that it was certainly not concerts in the wood near the fish and chip it's what the it's to us in of. the borehole was dubbed 5 g. one and drilling began in 1809 soviet french and american members of the joint expedition at the vast uk station all took part. in my work as truly truest studies of the past climate in the antarctic are there ice cores being drilled there about 10 centimeters in diameter and up to 3 kilometers known. researches from

various countries drill through the antarctic morning using their unique mess. but only at the russian station have drillers managed to reach the ice boundary. and then make water where they stopped. apparently there's no way to take water samples from the lake without introducing contaminating microorganisms. so far we have no way of knowing whether there is life in the most ancient water on earth but paleoclimatologists have found material that is just as valuable for their research. is the only archive where you can have similar tain as least stored that temperature history of the earth and similar tain is lead to the same times also the composition of the atmosphere of these times so

we can directly go into the ice and find out the contents of this atmosphere is specially sealed to. and from this c o 2 measurements we know. from the last 800000 years. we're the only. person that that isn't what do. or. you want to do with. studies of this engine dice have yielded serious scientific results we can extract data about the earth's climate hundreds of thousands or even millions of years ago now from tiny bubbles trapped in the ice for millions of years. this new property with all their them sort of mint has been put there it's as a shield folks the job is to put out

a shirt so we look from obama we've got with the amounts the police we had with it you was the border got that i'm going to do because they can we both wish they were at any of those immigrants but are sort of political 1st because the push for them at their word used in a bit with their new. from these studies research is now know that greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane have occasionally built up in the atmosphere leading to a warmer climate then hundreds of thousands of years later levels decrease again resulting in ice ages. is to get access to a major change which took place about 1000000 years ago and it's a kind of an enigma we don't really know what happened we expect that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is responsible for these change and this is what we want to check how much carbon dioxide was a get a fair a 1000000 year before. so perhaps the global

warming we see today is just a period in the planet's climatic history and people have nothing to do with it for all we excess arista climatic calamity after all these are the questions paleontologists are trying to answer here in antarctica. you know. who is good. or poor mckillop people. who are poor to what's apparently were thought. to believe. certainly didn't go through the problem we're still talking. to the. researchers from every country in. presented in antarctica purely scientific objectives politicians have another goal it's what they call presence. the

quality of presence on the polar continent is a symbol of a nation's capability and strength. the extent to which a country can influence antarctica's future depends on it. the usa australia france germany china japan india chile and other countries have stations in antarctica. more than 50 countries have a presence and they're signatories to the antarctic treaty. so. this for him. to have. a moment of truth is coming soon the 959 treaty expires in less than 30 years. where that is the beauty the absolute beauty that these tensions do not matter in

the scientific community in trouble maybe because. because the weather just closes opportunities for science in one area then the corporation is there to look how can we best help each other our attentions do not come into it at all on the grassroots level of doing antarctic research and it is a wonderful example how the international community can come together and how we can overcome. the. polar explorers abide by the rules agreed 60 years ago the only legal activity in respect of antarctica and its inhabitants his research. and. the phones that. they couldn't window. into

the local. people see people's. attention. 54 jets and more than 1300 military personnel are headed to air force base in alaska where is that to say come on i'll show you what's the reason for any type of enhanced u.s. military presence in this area russia. what is it suddenly about the south china sea that makes it so that it 11000000000 barrels of oil. take a look at this map who really owns what kind of says no it belongs to us india says no we claim that that belongs to us both of these countries have nuclear weapons capabilities there is reason for concern so that's why we're going to drill down on

the story for you today right here on the news with rick sanchez where you know as we always like to say we do believe by golly it's time to do news again. is you'll be a reflection of reality. in the world transformed. what will make you feel safe. isolation community. are you going the right way or are you being. what is true what is faith. in the world corrupted you. need to descend. to join us in the depths. for

a mate in the shallowest. the world is driven by shaped by. the day or thinks. we dare to ask. the rest in charge of the lame ass well that you're free and sovereign states mean what about the timing and the specific indictments what kind of defense can be expended is a deal in the cards and will justice be served. i

. 2 2 2 2 will do you know for partially but if you look to do you mean we don't with them on whose money cubans get. it we're going to cook with the. scope i'm talking about with them to tell you so you. are here. i want to. see as much of that in the others would be the worse for you were all looking at

the other off b.x. . give them. with just a. long truth through the deal when you. write a show that. i mean yeah. you're just a muggle yeah by the else and i have and you still don't know what the myth of statistics book yeah but clearly state themselves. this is not something that. just seems bizarre when you are. people who you have on with. the functioning like you when you could honestly persuade you well. you know you will stop doing it with him give him a little party pure. sway my family mean they mean a gruet still here with us i'm

a. little more yeah i should push them with a little ways to go we're going to then the. good news is that the. truth of what is will with us about the issue which is just flowing. but no way to go with this thought it. would. that's to do with the above but.

i mean it is an amazing amazing place and i think you could be paid to go there and feel your place in the invest the 70 feel very small. how do you cope with such an enormous overload holidays come to the risk you. know you. go to sleep. this is. your. mid winter probably brings the biggest holiday to antarctica. everyone

celebrates no matter which country they're from. the midwinter celebrations mean that half of the season has passed and every day takes you closer to going out. the americans have a reputation for coming up with fun ideas and they've decided that everyone must celebrate mid winter to get up the autumn area. in target dick winter film festival or the with bad bad bad bad bad bad bad antarctic film festival is drawing near. for the 1st weekend of august at the american mcmurdo station mcmurdo is the largest station in antarctica it's a small town with a population of almost $1500.00. the

festival consists of 2 parts 1st the open category entrance upload to films of any genre about any topic the only restriction is on duration it can be no longer than 5 minutes why just 5 because a common antarctic problem has a low speed connection. back in the 2nd category is for films made in just 48 hours a day on friday festival organizers announced the rules and on monday all participants upload their entries which are shown to the entire population of mcmurdo and the jury delivers its verdict the winners are announced in several nominations just like all good movie festivals best film best actor best writer

just camerawork and there's an audience award. all of antarctica's inhabitants abide by laws some of the feathered and aquatic varieties abide by the antarctic laws of nature others by the provisions of the antarctic treaty. under the antarctic treaty. by mental. issues. in the early 1900 and part of that whole part is about how we met. environment better things about mineral exploitation.

if. you say which are. the rules governing antarctic life specifically states that any country exploring the continent must leave only pristine land behind them that's what explorers do every year. for a shift change. can be burned and lost some scrap metal is collected to be shipped out to the mainland.

if it's. yours. you know. later the scrap metal and glass is loaded into a container and taken to the ship by tractor and helicopter. 6 weeks. ago and more lives that. are loaded with us not to include us.

in 4 countries. such points it would be much more. piece of the science that. built. where people wanted to show off already this. for instance it would be 14025 kilometer. every antarctic station of every country has similar mile markers it's a symbol a reminder of home and a subtle sign of the state's identity. militia

introduced war. got. through with the choice you just try to do you try to try to do that you don't need to get what you try. for now the harsh climate hinders colonization in antarctica but in the future if it warms this southernmost continent really could be settled. it cannot turn. political interests to have stations and i think there's economic interest to have tourism and. i think it's important to set some limits. but it turns out that signing the antarctic treaty doesn't mean that the countries that ratified it have withdrawn their territorial claims over the continent to

nearby areas. some of the claims are enormous. the beauty of the antarctic treaty is the nations who have made those territorial claims put them aside completely and as you know some of the territorial claims are overlapping but all of that is put aside entirely because the continent is dedicated to scientific research. it will be a real shame if the antarctic values imbedded in that treaty of a perfect community of free citizens in gauged solian research and scientific progress should ever sink into oblivion this should be a place for true freedom equality and human brotherhood on this fragile world of ours.

ah no team no crowd. no shots no. traction. going to withdraw no strong. point ch your thirst for action. jay powell other central bankers warren buffett

are effectively playing financial russian roulette right so they have the gun and in there is one bullet every risk they spin the chamber they point at america's head and they pull the trigger hoping that they won't blow off the america's head and that they get to keep all the free money this day and they do that every single day and then eventually like in 2008 they blow off america's head and it will happen again soon and they'll say well you know we were acting in the greater good . time of the time called parisian to repeat the same mantra sustainability it's very important to accelerate the transition to sustainable transport sustainability spain were meant to be more equitable and sustainable while. they claim their production is complete be hamas.

will be talking to congress doesn't it do something companies want us to feel good about buying their products while the damage is being done far away this is something else this must be going to mean and i need much of. this is the moon and used to be doing to me when i'm stung seemed to be based on just good looks to clinton. we go to work. straight home full. time to.

the headlines nazi scientists around the world send the collective letter to the world health organization accusing it of on the playing the risks of the transmission of coded 19 that is people flood back to restaurants and beaches after months. meanwhile billions of public transport company encourages commutes is that to stop using deodorant just to make people with a smile asked properly planned election meddling the european commission president is on the fire i've read video supporting croatia is really hasi the critics i write sic a code of conduct.