these researches will cover almost 3000 kilometers in trans polar aircraft and they'll stay here until the antarctic summer returns. snow in the very heart of antarctica has one amazing property. when the temperature drops below minus $55.00 it becomes a drive frozen sand if a plane lands on it friction instantly heats its skis which then refreeze solidly onto the runway. that's why planes can only fly between mid december and early

february just 2 months in every year for the rest of the time the people are completely cut off from the outside while. stocks water supply is drawn from the snow. the station sits more than 3500 meters above sea level that that altitude even the fittest of people time have very quickly due to the low oxygen levels. were there. spirit you know chris you were working sort of.

the door will put up with the mood what is a bruce hopes that opus will do well. but the. conditions here are truly unique human the average temperature in december and january falls below minus 30 and in winter minus 80 is par for the course. that must vary pressure is 40 percent lower than on the mainland and there's less oxygen in the. joint pain and news bleeds all symptoms of a climate as a nation it can take a whole months for a body to adapt. it to work here through do you know of those who are bullies and it was a precludes. you know there would have to be a good group you are the better suited to move. richelle so the soviet union at that time went to watch the station because it was no further the farthest place from the coast from anywhere in the guide was the most challenging place i mean the

way the soviet union wanted to show how good they where the hunting very extreme conditions so the stop was more important the gore won the scientific one now is different this iteration is very much driven by science. all of antarctica risk covered by an ice sheet that can be up to 4 kilometers think that's enough to cover the entire planet in a 50 meter think lair of ice. of the word for girl would you push to go against going to go because i want to. go with the nation i don't know what that with you've known to do with a boy that occur to you because you can use night on a mobile be good thing come up with both good and good. but all that they were there to and then there were the other so interesting up or near a good example. one

of the biggest geographical discoveries in the 2nd half of the 20th century scientists had long suspected that there was a lake the size of europe subglacial lake vostok contains water that is millions of years old. but to reach it you have to drill through the so-called atmospheric ice formed by the snow that has fallen in antarctica for millennia. one theory is that the lake formed because the ice sheet above it melted under the pressure of its own weight another is that the one you can't always existed even before antarctica froze over and that the ice sheets simply sealed it in. and if

you feel that it is fate is that the said in the can to do with a bit of. south of the of the good for the birth as the british it's on earth but i'm pleased to be on as a short the burden of the social and delicious to of the. late 20th century saw the 1st attempts to reach the lake by drilling through the kilometers of ice that concealed this unique body of water. and was done so as to look at that it was here to look and sure it's a little bit more that this should keep it so that it's to us in of. the borehole was dubbed 5 g. one and drilling began in 1809 serviette french and american members of the joint expedition at the vast uk station all took part.

in my work as truly truest studies of the past climate in the antarctic their ice cores being drilled there about 10 centimeters in diameter and up to 3 kilometers known. researches from various countries drill through the antarctic morning using their unique mess. woods but only at the russian station have drillers managed to reach the ice boundary. and then make water where they stopped. apparently there's no way to take water samples from the lake without introducing contaminating microorganisms. so far we have no way of knowing whether there is life in the most ancient water on earth but paleoclimatologists have found material that is just as valuable for

their research. is the only archive where you can have similar tain as least stored that temperature history of the earth and similar tain is lead to the same times also the composition of the atmosphere of these times so we can directly go into the ice and find odd the contents of this atmosphere is specially sealed to. and from this c o 2 measurements we know. from the last 800000 years. with the only. person that that isn't what do. you want to do with. studies of this engine dice have yielded serious scientific

results we can extract data about the earth's climate hundreds of thousands or even millions of years ago how from tiny bubbles trapped in the ice for millions of years. this new group of people by their them sort of just been put there so the short folks the job is to get a share it's a look from obama we've got with the amounts the police we had with you was the porter got that i'm going to do because they can both wish they weren't any of those immigrants but it was sort of political 1st there's a push for them at their word used in a bridge with their new. from these studies researches now know that greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane have occasionally built up in the atmosphere leading to a warmer climate then hundreds of thousands of years later levels decrease again resulting in ice ages. is to get access to a major change which took place about 1000000 years ago and it's

a kind of an enigma we don't really know what happened we expect that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is responsible for this change and this is what we want to check how much carbon dioxide was to get the 38000000 year before. so perhaps the global warming we see today is just a period in the planet's climatic history and people have nothing to do with it for are we excess arista climatic calamity after all these are the questions paleontologists are trying to answer here in antarctica. you know. who is google. who look so cool mckillop even the people. in the pool of what's a perfectly well thought. to believe. certainly

didn't go through the poem. just to talk. to the. researchers from every country in. presented in antarctica purely scientific objectives politicians have another goal it's what they call presence. the quality of presence on the polar continent is a symbol of a nation's capability and strength. the extent to which a country can influence antarctica's future depends on it. the usa australia france and germany china japan india chile and other countries have stations in antarctica. more than 50 countries have a presence and they're signatories to the antarctic treaty.

so i would do this for him. to have. a moment of truth is coming soon the 959 treaty expires in less than 30 years. where that is the beauty the absolute beauty that these tensions do not matter in the scientific community in trouble maybe because. because the weather just closes opportunities for science in one area then the corporation is there to look how can we best help each other attentions do not come into it at all on the grassroots level of doing antarctic research and it is a wonderful example how the international community can come together and how we can overcome. the. polar explorers abide by the rules agreed 60 years ago the only legal activity

in respect of antarctica and its inhabitants his research. homes are good why couldn't we win because i'm. too good someone who's more who are going to go to smokeable few people. in truth be in need of inhabitants antulay is happy about the attention. jay powell other central bankers warren buffett are effectively playing financial russian roulette right so they have a gun and in there is one bullet of risk they spin the chamber they point at

america's head and they pull the trigger hoping that they won't blow off the america's head and that they get to keep all the free money this day and they do that every single day and then eventually like in 2008 they blow off america's head and it will happen again and they'll say well you know we were acting in the greater good. oh no no crowd. no shots no. action no. well it's true no one. points your thirst for action. the world is driven by a dream shaped by. no

dares thinks. we dare to ask. the rest in charge of the lame ass well that your free and sovereign states means turn but not the timing and the specific indictments what kind of defense can be expended is a deal in the cards and will justice be served. 2

2 2 bubble to the full look awfully good if you look to the lame we don't with the football team on whose money kill bill is for. you wouldn't you cook with the. discos i'm talking about with. the youth so you thought. a hughes with might want to. look at the motherhood mutant you work for they were all looking at that affair even use me a little. nucleus be able. to cope

with just. along with you and you. should i. mean epic. by michael yeah by the also my niece those are folks who are slow at the mere thought of at this 1st book. but clearly state themselves what much of this is. because. just seems bizarre when you fuck up. people who you have on with. them treating like one with a solution could honestly persuade you well. you know you will. give him a little party pure or. sway marcum in the mean you're gruet still here with us i'm a. little

more yeah sure those are the with a little ways to go we're going to then have been given was. made up. with a few words will go with us but the issue which i just told. when i wanted to go with this thought it. fit with. what you should. see do with. the world. i mean it is an amazing amazing place and i think you should be prepared to go and go there and feel your place in the invest the 70 feel very

small. how do you cope with such an enormous overload politicians come to the rescue. mid-winter probably brings the biggest holiday to antarctica. everyone celebrates no matter which country they're from. the mid winter celebrations mean

that half of the season has passed and every day takes you closer to going out. the americans have a reputation for coming up with fun ideas and they've decided that everyone must celebrate mid winter to get up the autumn area. the antarctic winter film festival or the way. they antarctic film festival is drawing near. for the 1st weekend of august at the american mcmurdo station mcmurdo is the largest station in antarctica it's a small town with a population of almost $1500.00. feet in. the festival consists of 2 parts 1st the open category entrance upload damage to films of any genre about any topic the only

restriction is on duration it can be no longer than 5 minutes why just 5 because a common antarctic problem. there's a low speed connection. back in the 2nd category is films made in just 48 hours a day on friday festival organizers announced the rules and on monday all participants upload their entries which are shown to the entire population of mcmurdo and the jury delivers its verdict the winners are announced in several nominations just like all good movie festivals best film actor best writer best camerawork and there's an audience award.

all of antarctica's inhabitants abide by laws some feathered and aquatic varieties abide by the antarctic laws of nature others by the provisions of the antarctic treaty. under the antarctic treaty. by mental. issues. in the early 1900 and part of that whole part is about how we manage the environment better things about mineral exploitation.

say that. the rules governing antarctic life specifically states that any country exploring the continent must leave only pristine land behind them that's what explorers do every year when a large ship arrives and they prepare for a shift change they burn water can be burned and all glass and scrap metal is collected to be shipped out to the mainland. it's 3 voices for your 3.

it was. later the scrap metal and glass is loaded into a container and taken to the ship by tractor and helicopter. 6 weeks. ago and more lives that. are loaded with us. chemical. work.

so. it would be much more. piece of the science that. people wanted to show off already just. to go home for instance and it would be 14025 kilometer. every antarctic station of every country has similar mile markers it's a symbol a reminder of home and a subtle sign of the state's identity. militia

introduced war. got. through with the choice you just try to do you trying to tell you don't need to do what you did. for now the harsh climate hinders colonization in antarctica but in the future if it warms this southernmost continent really could be settled. cannot turn to prime political interest to have stations and that our economic interest to have tourism and. i think it's important to set some limit. but it turns out that signing the antarctic treaty doesn't mean that the countries that ratified it have withdrawn their territorial claims over the continent to nearby areas. some of the claims are enormous.

the beauty of the antarctic treaty is the oil nations who have made those territorial claims put them aside completely and as you know some of the territorial claims are overlapping but all of that is put aside entirely because the continent is dedicated to scientific research. it will be a real shame if the antarctic values imbedded in that treaty of a perfect community of free citizens in gauged solian research and scientific progress should ever sink into oblivion this should be a place for true freedom equality and human brotherhood on this fragile world of ours.

time after time corporations repeat the same mantra sustainability it's very important to accelerate the transition to sustainable transport sustainability stain over man at a more equitable and sustainable world. they claim their production is complete be harmless followed this need to cut. off and leave it to us my models and got it done does not apply companies want us to feel good about buying their products while the damage is being done far away there's a 2nd all this must be done even and i'm really lucky to stumble and news limited

on time and i'm studying them in the best of an understood look too soon and. you cannot be both with me yet you want. us all that is also. what i always are. when you take interest in your. words goes a long way to cerberus team your. brain a not desires in a hospital or. the transport system great danes. patient and in

america on the surface right they believe they are correct she loved this prison for 44 years. in minutes sure one guy sure. and was a message to be she was. a she did drugs to be. a millionaire when you're going to. need that if you don't think it might look up and are going i'm in this. meeting they say and mean something and he said i am. in the recent months i know these long legs. and you know i'm going to. be like this.

because i'm going to make you. greetings and sell you tell you so you know it seems that everyone these days rather than just rolling up the sleeves and doing a little hard work or trying to fix the problems we face would rather just let technology do the dirty work for us that seems to be one of the sad truth of the 21st century you know rather than sweeping up your own mess savva roomba do it for you tired of parallel parking your car hello auto park too tired to pick up the remote just to have a lexus change the channel for you rather than do a real detective work just let facial recognition technology tell you.