yes that's the point i mean and i know. we didn't want anyone and i'm stunned that he understood this of mine and. join me every 1st day on the alex salmond show but i'll be speaking to get off of the world of politics sports business i'm show business i'll see that. these researches will cover almost 3000 kilometers in trans polar aircraft and they'll stay here until the antarctic summer returns.

snow in the very heart of antarctica has one amazing property. when the temperature drops below minus $55.00 it becomes a drive frozen sand if a plane lands on it friction instantly sheets it skis which then refreeze solidly onto the runway. that's why planes can only fly between mid december and early february just 2 months in every year for the rest of the time that people are completely cut off from the outside world. so vast ox water supply is drawn from the snow.

the station sits more than 3500 meters above sea level that that altitude even the fittest of people time very quickly due to the low oxygen levels. borders most issues to the pure they're sort of put us. through. you were working sort of. do to put up with the mood what is a breeze hopes that open. but the. conditions here are truly unique human the average temperature in december and january falls below minus 30 and in winter minus 80 is par for the course. atmospheric pressure is 40 percent lower than on the mainland and there's less oxygen in the headaches joint pain and nosebleeds all symptoms of a climate as ation it can take a whole months for

a body to adapt. works here through duder of those who are bullies it was a precludes the person you're with to be a. better susie more. richelle so the soviet union at that time went to watch the station because it was the further the farthest place from the coast from anywhere in the guy it was the most challenging place i mean the way the soviet union wanted to show how good they are where the hunting very extreme conditions so the thought was more important the core won the scientific one now is different this iteration is very much driven by science. all of antarctica is covered by an ice sheet that can be up to 4 kilometers think that's enough to cover the entire planet in a 50 metre thick layer of ice. the way if you're already

a person going to go because i want to. go with the nation i don't know that. if. i do with a boy that occurred to. me and i don't i'm a will be bully think i'm a little bit of both and. that they were there and then they were there were so interesting and you get antonenko can i when. the call. was one of the biggest geographical discoveries in the 2nd half of the 20th century scientists had long suspected that there was a lake the size of europe subglacial lake vostok contains water that is millions of years old. but to reach it you have to drill through the so-called atmospheric ice formed by the snow that has fallen in antarctica for millennia.

one theory is that the lake formed because the ice sheet above it melted under the pressure of its own weight another is that the one you can't always existed even before antarctica froze over and that the ice sheets simply sealed it in. in a different attitude state is that the said in the can to do with a bit of the south of the of the good for the birth of the british it's on earth but i'm pleased to be in there's a short clip in the social and delicious to of the. late 20th century saw the 1st attempts to reach the lake by drilling through the kilometers of ice that concealed this unique body of water. and has done so as to look at that it was here to look and sure it's in there would be near that this should chip it so that it's to us and of.

the borehole was dubbed 5 g. one and drilling began in 1809 soviet french and american members of the joint expedition at the vast uk station all took part. in my work as truly truest studies of the past climate in the antarctic their ice cores being drilled they're about 10 centimeters in diameter and up towards 3 kilometers known. researches from various countries drill through the antarctic morning using their unique mess. but only at the russian station have drillers managed to reach the ice boundary. and make water where they stopped. apparently there's no way to take water samples from

the lake without introducing contaminating microorganisms. so far we have no way of knowing whether there is life in the most ancient water on earth but paleoclimatologists have found material that is just as valuable for their research. is the only archive where you can have similar tain as least stored that temperature history of the earth and similar tain is lead to the same times also the composition of the atmosphere of these times so we can directly go into the ice and find ot the contents of this atmosphere is specially sealed to. and from this c

o 2 measurements we know. from the last 800000 years. with the only. person that that isn't what do. or. you want to do with. studies of this engine dice have yielded serious scientific results we can extract data about the earth's climate hundreds of thousands or even millions of years ago now from tiny bubbles trapped in the ice for millions of years. this new property with all their them should have been just been put there so the shop folks the job is to get a share to look from obama we've got with the amounts of the police we had with you was the porter got that i'm going to do because they can both wish they were at any of those i'm a. bit of political 1st there's a push for them at their word used in a bridge with their new. from these studies researches now know that greenhouse

gases carbon dioxide and methane have occasionally built up in the atmosphere leading to a warmer climate then hundreds of thousands of years later levels decrease again resulting in ice ages. is to get access to a major change which took place about 1000000 years ago and it's a kind of an enigma we don't really know what happened we expect that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is responsible for this change and this is what we want to check how much carbon dioxide was a get a fair a 1000000 years before. so perhaps the global warming we see today is just a period in the planet's climatic history and people have nothing to do with it for are we excess sarees to climatic calamity after all these are the questions paleontologists are trying to answer here in antarctica.

your book. who is. your book couple mckillop. in the pool. what's a perfectly well thought. to believe that in the. field of. certainty even if go through the problem you still talk to. you today with the. researchers from every country in. presented in antarctica purely scientific objectives politicians have another goal it's what they call presence. the quality of presence on the polar continent is a symbol of a nation's capability and strength. the extent to which a country can influence antarctica's future depends on it. the

usa australia france and germany china japan india chile and other countries have stations in antarctica. more than 50 countries have a presence and they're signatories to the antarctic treaty. so i would do this for him. to have. a moment of truth is coming soon the 959 treaty expires in less than 30 years. where that is the beauty of the absolute beauty that these tensions do not matter in the scientific community in trouble maybe because. because the weather just closes opportunities for science in one area then the corporation is there to look how can we best help each other our attentions do not come into it at all on the

grassroots level of doing antarctic research and it is a wonderful example how the international community can come together and how we can overcome. the. polar explorers abide by the rules agreed 60 years ago the only legal activity in respect of antarctica and its inhabitants his research. when local and. homes are goods like won't win because i'm. too good someone who will forego going to certain who will both and people. in truth be in need of inhabitants aren't always happy about the attention. you live in the age of just believe that people don't trust the government and the

government doesn't trust the time we come to this deficit the legitimacy and more importantly is there a way out of this dialogue. we are segregated. by social class law school class people also in poverty by 1st place if you're born into a poor family you're born into a minority family if you're born into a family that only has a single parent that really constrains your life chances people die on average 15 years old if you born into generational poverty. it's a tough tough fight every day to meet your needs and the needs of your family.

we go to work so you straight home for. the world is driven by a dream shaped by phone person or those. no jerry thinks. we dare to ask.

the. 2 2 public to view the full look awfully good if you look to the lame we don't with the football team on whose money kill bill is for. you would want you to put up the quick response because of what you wish to. discuss i'm talking about with the

pistol you think of you know you say you talk with him with. a huge what might they want to. see what the from the others had mutinied he was for they were all real to me at the fair even use me a little p.x. . to pull those little feet to the nucleus give them. the bum look out for the just a peach get. along with you and you. should write. a show that. let me know. your shows. by michael yeah by the also my need to look out for slow at the mere thought of at this 1st book. but coolest of them still but much of this is. just seems bizarre when you up. people you have on with. the comforting like one of those least i'm going to persuade you well. you know i will. give him

a little party pure all. bunch of. way marcum i mean they mean a gruet still here with us i'm a. little more yeah sure those who would always to always going to then have been given. that is that the bed made up. of she always will with us about the issue which just sold. but i wanted to go with this thought it.

fit with. what you should. do believe that one time t. do with. the world. i mean it is an amazing amazing place and i think you should be prepared to go there and go there and feel your place in the investing suddenly feel very small. how do you cope with such an enormous overload politicians come to the rescue. and ask you. when.

mid-winter probably brings the biggest holiday to antarctica. everyone celebrates no matter which country they're from. the mid winter celebrations mean that half of the season has passed and every day takes you closer to going up. the americans have a reputation for coming up with fun ideas and they've decided that everyone must celebrate mid winter to get up the autumn area. in target take when tr film festival or the way. they antarctic film festival is drawing near. for the 1st weekend of august at the american mcmurdo station mcmurdo is the largest station in antarctica it's a small town with

a population of almost $1500.00. feet in. the festival consists of 2 parts 1st the open category entrance upload damage to films of any genre about any topic the only restriction is on duration it can be no longer than 5 minutes 6 why just 5 because a common antarctic problem has a low speed connection. we're back in the 2nd category is for films made just 48 hours a day on friday festival organizers announced the rules and on monday participants upload their entries which are shown to the entire population of mcmurdo and the

jury delivers its verdict the winners are announced in several nominations just like all good movie festivals best film best actor best writer best camera work and there's an audience award. all of antarctica's inhabitants abide by laws some feathered and aquatic varieties abide by the antarctic laws of nature others by the provisions of the antarctic treaty. under the antarctic treaty. by mental pressure. adopted in the early 1900 and part of that. protocol is about how we

manage the environment better things about mineral exploitation. interest. the rules governing antarctic life specifically states that any country exploring the continent must leave only pristine land behind them that's what explorers do every year when a large ship arrives and they prepare for

a shift change they burn water can be burned and all glass and scrap metal is collected to be shipped out to the mainland. it's. 5th for the voices for your. you know. later the scrap metal and glass is loaded into a container and taken to the ship by tractor and helicopter. 6 weeks. ago and more those that. are

loaded with us. chemicals or materials. in 4 countries work. so. it would be much more. piece of the science that. built. people wanted to show off already just. to go home for instance it would be 14025 kilometer. every antarctic station of every country has similar mile markers it's a symbol a reminder of home and a subtle sign of the state's identity. the

militia just want to thank god thank you all for the choice you just try to do to train or to do that you don't need to do what you did. for now the harsh climate hinders colonization in antarctica but in the future if it warms this southernmost continent really could be settled. it cannot turn. political interests to have stations and i don't think there's economic interest to have tourism and. i think it's important to set some limits.

but it turns out that signing the antarctic treaty doesn't mean that the countries that ratified it have withdrawn their territorial claims over the continent to nearby areas. some of the claims are enormous. the beauty of the antarctic treaty is the nations who have made those territorial claims put them aside completely and as you know some of the territorial claims are overlapping but all of that is put aside entirely because the continent is dedicated to scientific research. it will be a real shame if the antarctic values imbedded in that treaty of a perfect community of free citizens in gauged solian research and scientific progress should ever sink into oblivion this should be

a place for true freedom equality and human brotherhood on this fragile world of ours. i. know crap. no shots. actually felt.

no just. switch your thirst for action. on my hands 9 years and money i'm not. on the side of. the pentagon's of a time about what it was it was a time that was in a sense as if i'm up as a more. hopeful. one with more than the side that. seen the following you can but i'm before going to come out of them but i. fear not by now i'm by the imam behind the.

54 jets and more than 1300 military personnel are headed to heal some air force base in alaska where is that to say come on i'll show you what's the reason for any type of enhanced u.s. military presence in this area rush up. what is it suddenly about the south china sea that makes it so that it 11000000000 barrels of oil. take a look at this map who really owns what. kind of says no it belongs to us india says no we claim that that belongs to us both of these countries have nuclear weapons capabilities there is reason for concern so that's why we're going to drill down on this story for you today right here on the news or direction as where you know as we always like to say we do believe by golly it's time to do news again.

new research shows delays to cancer treatment in the u.k. due to the corona virus could cause an extra $6000.00 deaths we speak to a man who only discovered he had advanced cancer when he finally got that much delayed scam. this is devastating there's nothing else i can see it's new words to put feel. no words to describe. i'm just devastated. serbia sees a 5th day of violence and protests over the government's decision to reimpose a curfew after a surge in covert cases.