for grown children for their parents. shares in pharma. take a hit results from clinical trials following the vaccine is on average, just 70 percent effective. also coming up on the attacks in russia for treatment after being told he would never walk again. spencer shares his story with heart. it was a very good move.

nerve agents chaos. a new york times vacancy for a moscow correspondent reads like something straight out of a spy thriller revealing predetermine nora to russia around the clock across the world. this is r t international from the team, myself. you know neil alone, welcome to the program. the race for a working covert vaccine is heating up. the british swedish farmer giant has published interim test results for its job developed with oxford university. but as artie's done, the hawkins reports, the findings are so far. underwhelming. astra zeneca are the latest company to join the front runners in the coburg 19 vaccine race, analysing an efficacy over 70 percent after concluding their phase 3 trials. know

these preliminary results may sound humble compared to other vaccines. the company's c.e.o. is optimistic, same as you will be highly effective and will have an immediate impact with the u.k. having already preordered 100000000 jobs. boris johnson is more than happy with the result. incredibly exciting news. the oxford vaccine has proved so effective in trials. there are still further safety checks ahead. but these are fantastic results. well done to our brilliant scientists at the university of oxford and astra zeneca and all who volunteered in the trials. so why the relatively low efficacy of developers say that 70 percent figure is an average of 2 doses rose humans, too. high doses gave a result of 62 percent with a high dose following a low one, raising advocacy to 90 percent. now this 70 percent average figure is therefore

lower than trial results announced earlier by madonna at 95 percent also provides a 95 percent though that company who raised their of a can see from an initial 90 percent result with a russian sputnik v. vaccine standing at 92 now these figures are crucial, given the highly competitive nature of the market, and it's been a bumpy road for astra zeneca. today, as these results were published, the company's shares actually fell on the back of the lower than expected average efficacy, even as european stocks rose on the good news of another vaccine entering the market. now the vaccine trials had to be halted in september because of a serious suspected adverse reaction in a participant. and in october 1 of the volunteers in brazil died causing uncertainty about its future. why the advance trial of a promising vaccine was suddenly passed? astra zeneca has caused its trials after an unexplained illness in a participant in the u. . as one company makes use,

try the vaccine race and other drug giant hits the possible option on its late stage trials volunteering where the most at vance to corona virus vaccine trials in the world has died. and despite the news, astra zeneca is testing continues. well, those adverse effects were investigated, though the company and the brazilian health authority refused to comment in detail on the case. the trial was deemed safe to continue, though in the united states, the delay lasted several weeks. and today's results don't include data from american trials, where despite the lower efficacy, the upside of this vaccine is cost effectiveness. while the estimated price of the pfizer vaccine is around $19.00, the modena job between $25.00 to $37.00, those prices go up to over $40.00. and as high as $74.00, respectively for the total treatment of the cost of the sport, mcvie vaccine is estimated at $26.00 per treatment. the final costs are yet to be announced. the astra zeneca job would not only be easier to manufacture and store,

but the cost for both doses could be as low as $8.00 for the race is now on to register these vaccines astra zeneca states that it would seek emergency use listing from the world health organization with russia saying they've already begun the sputnik registration process despite the good news, it's too early to say. we've seen the back of the pandemic, even with these promising trial results, doos is not the time for complacency. while we continue to receiving, going to doing news about called good 19 vaccines and remain cautiously optimistic about the potential for a new tools to start to arrive in the coming months. right now, we are extremely concerned by the surging cases we are seeing in some countries, particularly in europe and the americas held workers center systems are being pushed to the breaking point. even with several vaccines hitting the market in

coming months with the world in the grip of the 2nd covert, 19 wave, there's still a very long and difficult road ahead until we see a return to at least some semblance of normality. let's get a deeper insight into this story and go live to rome. speak to professor emeritus of epidemiology, marcelo for denali. good to see you. interim data, marcelo suggests the oxford astra zeneca faxing off for 70 percent protection in 2 doses, but up to 90 percent by tweaking some what the initial dose now the markets seem to be disappointed by those numbers. how would you interpret them? when i would start by putting the national institute of allergy in a picture that is uses. 'd you say, well, we have a dilemma here under 30 percent and 90 percent because what are you going to do with it when you go to 95 percent?

so what are you going to assume like that. 'd which is less effective. so the 2nd thing is that it's not the number of markets where there. 'd might be percent of the units so they have to. 'd make up their minds how they're going to announce. that's the point, isn't it? because pfizer initially said their drug was 90 percent effective, said theirs was 95 percent. pfizer then corrected their figure to 95 percent. how literally should we take any of those numbers? clearly everyone has a big interest in winning the vaccine. well, if you have, there are 2 of us in the market to us cause you to by the united states, they're talking about the other one. and then we have seen. 'd

so they are, they are 90 percent even if so, why do you, why governments are less effective than the people who once you mention sputnik v, russia recently, us the w.h.o. to approve its vaccine. several manufacturers have done the same. how crucial a step is that when did russia seeing that he hadn't already out 5 or 4 final testing in hungary last thursday, i think live here at least we have asked for the possibility to acquire

those troops over there need to call her to the loop equational community police are the highest risk of infection and none so way out of spec and we very much interest to see. 'd the response for the, for the rest of the depressed just a local sputnik femur chalo, much like oxford astra zeneca vaccine. they don't have to be sort of ultra cool temperatures on like the fines are by on tech rivals could not give them out. in this case, we're talking more about astra zeneca could not give it a major shot in the or less where she did their market or where i consider kind of precisely how countries which are to have a better position than those countries perhaps are not going. ready to be so

focused on the boat, it might be each year over storing dozing in you know, what temperatures or. ringback except they will take days, which she says more to say if you don't doubt it. when countries have difficulties due to afford all those store places with lower temp that they were really low. temperature was. 'd assigned to do that would get they just a fictive meeting and said he'd seen so relate to. 'd different countries, can we just touch upon the prices? well, the astra zeneca vaccine is expected being much cheaper than the pfizer un would turn to drugs by 10 times less. that's according to the financial times. what do

you think mattel is the main reason for that? why does that mean presumably the marketing and marketing would have to. 'd wait to complete a state devoted month to be sure that that's been associated with that to say they've seen to remember the difference. try and the 15 you've got to try the minus. so who do you order to prevent infections in day in day out? he wants to groom 30, but anyhow, they were going to do 2 face to face $23.00 combined. it done and 6 of those experiments they. ready

no, you know why i went there when in many cases. 'd in order to gauge his obit or just very, very sure that if you submerge your so the course i want to promote or perhaps see the price is going to be a portable kind of place. we don't have any of it, was it because of the price myself, i would not recommend it. always good to get your take live on the program, fester emeritus of epidemiology, live from rome today, much of florida denali. thank you very much. well,

the final cost of any vaccine will be a key factor, just as we were speaking about there at the end and how widely it is really creating fears that per countries will be priced that's the scarce than the lives. additionally, going underground with the director of the international vaccine institute, the gates foundation, their research suggests that global cova debts will double of high income countries by up in the 1st 2000000 doses of any successful vaccine. do you agree with? that's a great study and we've been using it to advocate for something called kovacs. kodak's intends to purchase $2000000000.00 doses, and those doses will be provided to everyone and what cannot paper the gates foundation paper you quoted says, is that if the 1st 2000000 doses are taken without any consideration of equity, then there will be a doubling of go global covert deaths and the reason why go back needs to be successful, needs to be fully funded, needs to be funded beyond the 1st year into the 2nd year. i think the one thing

that covert teaches us is that this virus, like all viruses, will find those weak points in our defense. and we really need and should be working together in this global pandemic to help each other. whether it's, you know, masks and gloves, whether it's a vaccine solution, whether it's, you know, reaching out to countries to help them understand what the burden of code is. and once we have the vaccine, it's taking that vaccine from wherever it's manufactured, to wherever it can be, wherever it's needed, in a way that will reduce the global burden of code. that is the most important thing . and while many around the world, the way to cova job china has come up with a way to limit the spread of the virus. it's calling for a global fire wall in the form of a system of q.r. codes that would allow cross border travel to resume. china has proposed a global mechanism for the meat to recognition of health that's of the kits based

on nucleic acid test results in the form of internationally accepted q.r. codes. we hope more countries will join this mechanism. well, china has been using those codes to prove health status since february the system has been questioned in the west and data privacy grounds. europe, though, has proposed similar schemes, including the idea of immunity passports in the u.k., or discuss the issue with a number of guest. these tests can be a lot of false negatives. a lot of false positives and you are now better track and trace me weren't going in terms of this town or that this incredibly dangerous. it is not only for my safety and your seeing in the united states as well as across the globe. the people are starting to rise up saying enough stop, protecting me. i wouldn't live my life the way i'd choose. we not only i was reading heathrow airport, used to be one of the busiest. i've seen 82 percent fall and passengers. what's the way that to get wheels out into, if not a set, a similar system to this reason that travels collapse is not the pandemic because

the lockdowns, i mean, since march 12th, europe has not been able to fly to the us. and europe retaliated and we can't fly there, and now we're living under the situation where yeah, we once believed in the right to travel, but that's been denied to us. so many people have been locked in their nation states right now. the answer is to is, liberalism is to liberate a travel, liberate and recognize human rights. again, do you think that we do need a cohesive global policy in order to try and move on somehow to try make 2021 better than 2020? there have been studies that show the virus respond differently in different regions, that there are different conditions and different places on climate and so forth. so, you know, we don't want a lot of all standards because global standards means a lot on a fact. this is just leave of what i really don't care about case i care about the

death rate and the death rate is very slow. and again, we have to be very cautious with technology because once you turn the saw, it's very hard to turn off. they will never relinquish. i mean, passports were supposed to be temporary and really bristol stuck with them. a texas man suffering from a rare muscle disease has come all the way to russia for treatment. and spencer was told back at home in the u.s. that he would never walk again. but since arriving in the russian city of perm in october, he's been open about he shared his story with us exclusively. i had to use this everywhere. i went when i was going to, when i was a new partner, she couldn't what without it, i think no walk with alan spencer could have been dead by now or in a wheelchair all bad bound. that's what doctors back home in america told him 5 years ago. i used to use this all the time. it was absolutely necessary. i'm going to go now into scary people walking in an incredibly allen has escaped all those

outcomes. when i started to notice a little something with my hands, they were going to go on like this. and i said, well, that's not some sort of right, but i didn't have any problem with strength. so i didn't think i heard anything wrong. 2012 came, i had a fall and i was like, whoa, that was unusual. 2014 i came again and i had a really bad fall. it was like, ok, there's something wrong, something wrong happened to be a rare inflammatory muscle disorder known as inclusion, body myositis between $5.70 people per 1000000 have it. they said there's nothing we can do for it's completely untrue. what did you feel when you were in that will i wasn't as disappointed. she would think my father had died of a form of a.o.s. and so i thought, well that's as a doctor said, good news and bad news. the good news is you're not going to die. the bad news is you're going to be trouble to spare for the vice president of time warner cable for

west taxes. as successful man allen had to quit his job in 2017. he simply wasn't able to work any more, that his ease was eaten away, his muscles, stealing his abilities and his life. but then he heard from a friend about a clinic in perm russia that could potentially treat him at 1st. he didn't take it seriously. my friend andy had said in, in february there's going to be a wedding are about this clinic that i think by would be able to help you. are you interested? you know, it's kind of like, well not really. i didn't tell him that the way to be perfectly honest with you. yeah, i think is an american you're, you probably have a stereotype of what the russian hospital looks like if mayo says that nothing could be done. probably nothing can be got sent to me mail gave my e-mail interest the next day i got a, an e-mail back from the director. the c.e.o. actually of the clinic in the government touches me all winter and said if you come,

we think we can help you. we are not sure to what degree, but we do believe that we can actually help you a glimmer of hope was born. but coming to russia in the middle of the college, 19th and jamming with borders shot in planes grounded, it seemed like mission impossible. back in may one of the gals from marty called dandy and said, hey, how's your medical tourism? but building business doing, he said, or that started the process. it took 17 months to finally come to russia and it was worth every single day of trying. he says, so they started me on this treatment of injections and infusions. and the neurologist put this magnetic field on my here, pulsing through. and what it does is it wakes up the neurons in the head. so they started to move in the wake of the muscles. my eye could actually swallow better, and i could talk a little easier if i would, you know, world, this is starting to actually work. what turned out was we were getting this world

class held help in this clinic in perm russia. if we can get travel to open up, i really intend to work with india and others to get people here from america. it's a wonderful thing. i mean, it's, it shouldn't be a secret. here you go. wow, good job. moscow has condemned the u.s. . this is interpolant of the open skies treaty calling it an act of hypocrisy. the pact has been in place since the early ninety's allowing the 34 member states to observe. 'd each other's militaries, through all norms, serbians flights, and to share data as well. washington has accused russia of breaking the terms of the agreement a claim. moscow denies. my colleague, neil harvey discussed the story with our tees up a trickle. moscow is disappointed to say the least about the decision by the us administration to kick the legs from under the treaty for which as the russian side

is putting it. the us has no legitimate reasons whatsoever. moscow maintains that claims of violations on the part of russia, of the treaty that has been in force for 18 years, have all been made up, plus no one seen any proof of that. moscow has blamed washington for violations to the other side has denied it, but the question is whether that is a good enough reason to get rid of the agreement. the answer from moscow is no. among other things, the russian officials believe that the u.s. government was lying when it said that it was considering the option to stay a part of the deal under certain circumstances. the assumption here in the russian capital is that the u.s. is destroying the greyman deliberately, and that was all part of an earlier plan. in recent months, washington has hypocritically stated that in the keys of

a change in the russian position, it could reconsider its decision. in fact, no one there had planned to reconsider anything that was again for the public designed to mislead foreign governments and the public of european states that were urging washington to come to its senses. it's very important to point out that moscow believes the u.s. government wants to seek some kind of ban by european countries of russian flights over u.s. military sites in europe. but at the same time, moscow believes that the u.s. wants to continue receiving the information from european countries from its flights in the russian air space. moscow says that it will continue putting pressure on the other signatories to the open skies treaty to make sure that they remain committed to the terms and abide by it. but in a case, the message from moscow is that this decision, the americans heavily damages international security and transparency. you

mentioned, european countries involved there. and there will be european countries among the, the many dozens of other signatories to the treaty. how do they feel about the u.s. pulling it? there are 33 more signatories to would that include some very important european, players, like the u.k., germany, france, etc. and they've been critical of the decision by the us administration as well. we deeply regret the united states has decided to take this step and is now implementing it. our own position of the treaty remains unchanged. we consider rich to be an important part of the arms control architecture that contributes to building mutual trust in the us to greater security in the northern hemisphere from flood events took to vancouver. we have heard voices of concern across the atlantic as well. the administration's decision to withdraw from the open skies treaty is reckless. i strongly believe that president trumps decision to withdraw from the treaty is a violation of domestic law. president trump brazenly ignored the law and is

unilaterally imposing a politically charged withdraw even after losing a presidential election. the open skies treaty was initially proposed by washington that happened back in 1955. though then the room, it only came into force in 2002, but still it was out there. and because of donald trump, because of his strategy that we've actually gotten used to, we remember that he left many important international treaties in different fields in the field of security. for example, most notably that was the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty. perhaps this is a step from him that we could have expected and has been doing what has been up to pretty much in the past 4 years. and thing with this story, a political analyst, chris bambery, believes that washington is the solution to pull out of yet another treaty will just lead to more uncertainty. as united states withdraws from the streets,

it creates for the uncertainties that won't dismantle some of these or shouldn't least guarantee peace. these flights were put in place that france's russia could have access to american skies to look at what is happening in terms of military preparations. and so on, and vice versa. no, drawn through what russians will not have that ability. and what they are worried about secure is that while other american allies such as britain, if you continue to fly over russia, do to trust britain or other states not to hand pictures, information and data over to the americans. by other means, the new york times has been accused of russophobia with its latest job bad from moscow correspondent, successful kelly litter acquired to deal with hit squads, cyber agents, shadowy military figures that the scription of russia might sound more like the

plot of a spy or movie, but as eager as a dull of explains but then fiction can often get mixed up. what you're about to hear. sounds like it's being ripped straight from the blog buster screenwriters playbook. vladimir putin's russia remains one of the biggest stories in the world. it sends out hit squads on do with nerve agents against his enemies. most recently, the opposition leader alex in nevada, only. it has its cyber chaos and disharmony in the west to tarnish his democratic systems while promoting his phone version of democracy is a ploy. private military contractors around the globe to secretly spread its influence at home, it's hospitals are filling up fast with code patients as its president hides out in his villa. i mean, add some dramatic music. do a call video edit paper, the whole thing with a few explosions here and there. and you've cooked up a trailer for the next hit limited series on netflix. but no, it's not that not by

a long shot. it's actually the opening over the job adverts for a russian reporter with the new york times page searches for an buyers to impartial or balance. come a blank, no results found in the text. not that it's much of a secret though, that the new york times isn't that interested in covering a happy russia. but some readers weren't that impressed with the sudden spasm of honesty from the paper did the see any right. new york times new russia crisp on in job at these job

for a new york times correspondent in moscow is telling and not in a good way screenwriters wanted for a new james bond film. imagine yourself working undercover in moscow. the capital of love to me, putin's evil empire. if you think you have the creative writing skills to turn the monday into juicy narratives of horror and suspense, contact the new york times, we've been in touch with the new york times for comment. you know, both sides of the story and all that, but we've yet to hear anything back from them. cynically speaking, it makes perfect sense. positive stories from russia don't tickle the fancy of pulitzer prize. judgers allegations lacking evidence though, do just believe in the boogeyman. well pewter prize winning journalist and former new york times foreign correspondent chris hedges sees the early, exposes the real russia angle of the paper. i initially thought it was satire,

i didn't think it was real. and then i went on the new york times website and read it. and it's really kind of an obituary journalist. the role of a foreign correspondent is to be bicultural. it is to get into that culture and explain how they view reality. and here you have this narrative, pre written, narrative, demonization, really of russia and vladimir putin. and i have to say that there's nothing in that description that the united states doesn't do in spades and far worse. and so why even open a barrel in moscow? why have somebody spend hundreds of hours studying russian and reading russian history and literature and, and culture? why not? why not have algorithms do it? it was absolutely appalling, but it's part of the siloing of the american press to serve a particular demographic. in the case of the new york times, it is a democratic party based readership. it's a way.