they were compatible it's much faster now and so the european agency will come up with a result and in a few days and me a final sentence. well over. 1.26 we did screw look all through the so typical oh yes your strong. need to get in there sure are not directly related to or read the course to. which media. we. are likely to be rules. coming out. complaining about this from the medical profession ok we've been speaking to political commentator 3 webber independent journalist medical doctor and former brace of party m.e.p. david bald very interesting discussion thanks very much for coming and sharing with the program all of you thank you. and we are indeed right on to tell you what i'll

be here with all the updates affecting your world today out the top of the hour do you hope to see it. welcome to max keiser at apple survival guide. looking forward to that in a town. yanks this is what happens to pensions in britain delegates. watched as a report. hello welcome to so think of visionaries me sophie shevardnadze more than 5 years ago humanity managed to glimpse into the farthest corner of our solar system pluto and

the clipper about i asked dr alan stern planetary scientist astronaut and had him not his pluto mission what wonderful discoveries still lie ahead of us. dr alan stern planetary scientist astronaut had of nasa has played a mission great to have you with us today alan thanks it's just great to be here so you have been the principal investigator of nasa as mission to pluto and the most widespread conception of pluto in the eyes of the public is the ball of ice floating out there in the dark so can you call it scientific wonderland what makes it so special. well it really is a scientific wonder and we really had a pretty good idea that from studies from the earth. new horizons the nasa mission that explored for the 1st time what it's deemed discovered was far beyond their expectations. which is

a planet with 5 moods and atmosphere highly active geology and evidence for water ocean it's you're even. close for biology is just far beyond our wildest imaginations. i think yeah hold on easily well of all this is a science. so if i were to set my foot on pluto what would i say there. well it depends on where you go because just like the earth pluto is a very diverse planet with mountain ranges canyons and great sugar and other kinds of geology so depending upon where you go you would see different terrain but one thing you would see everywhere is something that new horizons discovered which is that the atmosphere just blue in color it would look like a faint version of our sky actually has dozens of these layers stacked up all the way to orbital altitude and not something unlike anything we had

seen anywhere else in the soaps. since the new horizons fly by mission has discovered water ice some pluto and its moon charon can this point out at the possibility of some sort of some form of life in a icy corner of our solar system. well they're there water is an important ingredient for all biology. on the surface of the earth but you know the ice on pluto water ice and the other ice on pluto are extremely cold temperatures this pluto is 30 times farther away from the sun the sun way to 7000 times weaker when the temperatures are almost absolute 0. the biologists will tell you that they don't know how to make biology that can operate at those temperatures but as i was saying a moment ago deep inside pluto is interior beneath the crust as the temperatures

get warmer and warmer as you go down towards greater greater depths that water ice will flies in becomes room temperature or at least liquid. water and it's a global ocean in there it's a shallow if you will all around the planet or more we can tell the need across the water and that. got her attention from an asteroid on supposed to appoint a new leader one of the scientists on her team dr dale. discovered through compositional spectroscopy basically jim acosta and you're pretty done by new horizons that there are places on the surface where water appears to have a rock that is sliding down to the surface interestingly that water is the least with organic compounds so the story gets more interesting should do recent

discoveries on pluto actually give us any hint on how life started here on earth. they don't but it could be that was a future missions back to. with the orbiter and midlanders even some baby submersibles that go into the ocean we could learn about the origin biology or where biology was stopped for some reason when pluto eliminate her stay in the. how these processes took place long ago on her own. so you and your colleagues call pluto after and saying clue actually of how our solar system is formed if you could sum it up for our viewers who aren't like necessarily astronauts or into astrophysics what exactly does it tell us. well you know in the quiver below which it orbits of us going to the solar system's

d 3 it's thought by. why didn't of the fact that it's so far away or temperatures go out there for from the sun the chemical properties and physical properties of these bodies are very well preserved and that's what makes it so fascinating it's kind of in there only because archaeological dig into the history of horses and this is why army national academy of sciences here in the united states plays such a high priority on going out to the point pre-built and making this 1st their story should that our team own new horizons did. so it's a fly by the only realistic way to explore pluto dowie days will it ever be possible to send out a no i wrote for our let's train wild and manned mission. sure well there are there are many ways to pluto if lima is just the 1st baby step here in the united states

and last year on nasa has funded studies of how to get into the next step which would be a pluto orbiter which would stay in the system rather than just fly by in very much more sophisticated achatz of instruments to study pluto and its satellites and one of the jobs of the head orbiter would be to scout for a landing sites for future robotic landers or rovers as you're talking about that's within our technological progress not sending people all way out there is not yet something that we can confidently do you know it's a big step just a simple it's a mars probably in the 23rd this is 100 times farther then mars is on at and the technical challenges for great it's a new your eyes. it's almost 10 years and it was the fastest pace for if they want to new years to travel out there if we sit people. we would have to develop

a much faster propulsion system or it would be a 20 year journey just to go out and back and i'm not sure we get a lot of volunteers for that yeah i'm not sure either so pluto correct me if i'm wrong is part of a super belt which is a circle of objects hugging the outer solar system how many planets our planet like objects like pluto could be there inside a kuiper belt you know in the quiver belt which was named for a dutch american astronomer. in the mid 20th century who postulated it would exist was discovered in $1009.00 and pluto turns out to be the brightest but also the largest object in the. our current estimates from studies over the last 25 years showed the plane has billions of comets that are objects. just a few kilometers across. and it has about

a dozen small planets of which pluto is the largest and then there's an intermediate sized objects then or in between the rocky asteroidal comet like bodies in full fledged it's. so how important can the study of cooper about be to our understanding of solar system and what kind of ground breaking surprises can the bell tolled for us. yes very questions in fact the pointer though has already revolutionized our knowledge of ourselves just studying. as we were saying forensic clues about the distribution of objects that are in their properties we have learned for example that when the solar system was 1st formed in the giant planets. jupiter saturn uranus and neptune underway it changes in their orbit that pushed year listening to outward by about

a 1000000000 miles it's about $1600000000.00 pluggers and which may have even ejected another giant planet once we're headed with the 4 that we have now. that's a pretty important. discovery internet itself but didn't the paper built the slowest into work planets even though they're small include it was only about a record in diameter of a cut in the united states that those small planets can be as active as g. or watching complex as they are planets like mars of the earth which really almost no one expected and yet that's where pluto is and then after we flew by flew to new horizons with all another one and a half 1000000000 kilometers over 3 years to study a small quarter built up to one of those building blocks that made planets like we called earth caught in for it we learned how these building blocks are for

something that was never known before only debate. so you rise and cast a velocity to leave the solar system and go into interstellar space like would your answer would just fly off into space at some point or will it stay around the current position until it runs out of juice. well new horizons is traveling at a speed of about 500000000 kilometers per year outward on this is a trajectory from the solar system that you just mentioned and we can't stop it we don't want to stop it but it's close to and leaving with solar system just like the voyager so every year it travels farther and farther and farther now then should run out of power and we won't be able to communicate with it any more data from it but that's probably almost 20 years away well we're going to take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking dr alan stern the

planetary scientist austin not had a mission talking about what wonderful discoveries still lie ahead of us stay with us. problem drugs don't always come from unscrupulous dealers but from pharmacies to in every state in the united states we see me very sharp increase in the number of people seeking treatment for addiction to prescription opioids and invited america under the banner of medicine persisted with the pain but instead of trying to wean him off though she just goes after dose after dose after dose and really became his

drug dealer soon is to blame patients doctors manufacturers all the governments of . the at there's a saying. i think they're on the cheap. and then we went through all the contras let's ideas they're right let's go to a skeptic he said if we give them every 15. discount . this is what we don't understand how we are in such a country. and there are certain elements of the same time to. think i'm going to. assume to run up a similar simple dollar. why do you need one leg of the if you feel

if the middle of not that got can we believe again with the phone the couple that with the plane. would come to the place story you do have to see. if you moved. view. was a pandemic no certainly no borders and just blocking 2 nationalities. as a. judge of. commentary this is least. we can do better and we should. everyone is contributing each of our own way but we also

know that this crisis will not go on forever the challenges created the response has been much so many good people are helping us. it makes us feel very proud that we are in it together. and we're back with dr alan stern planetary scientist astronaut and had of nasa pluto mission alan so let me ask you this for for all those years also astronomical

observations we've only known 9 planets in our solar system to be there for sure and you're saying that there are $100.00 more planets to be potentially found. you had sheaves that basically just by changing the definition of what a planet is right so it really just goes it just becomes semantics doesn't it. actually it is very important science because science is is a reductionist activity where we try to look at one of data and then boil down to patter in one of the things that. we were limited by in till the 1990 s. was that our telescopes were powerful enough to see far out into the so was so clue look like kind of a misfit or oddball a small plane it all by itself out there beyond the giant but since the ninety's we've been discovering more and more small planets like this and the reason we call

them planets is because they share all of the key properties worlds like the earth and mars and other planets have and they don't look like asteroids they don't look like comments they don't want light meteors they look like planets with as i said mountain ranges and atmospheres in systems of moons and active geology and so forth and so that's why planetary scientists call the planets because they fit well in that category terms of their characteristics it's really not semantics it's out of the large ng our view through collecting new data and accepting the fact that the world has changed a little bit they're just more planets than we thought they were and something very analogous to place more than a 100 years ago when it was discovered that the number of stars was not the few 1000 stars that your eye can see countless numbers of stars that make up our galaxy

and all of the galaxies the young and this is a similar step for planetary science in a very important i think we finally understand the most populous planet in our solar system it turns out to be the small ones like you know. what plate on that tin were discovered on paper 1st one is like mathematics and only lay. later we're confirmed as existing by astronomers do we need the same to happen to establish the existence of many pluto like objects in a cube or a belt or will a mission like new horizons will suffice will we go search for new bodies new objects and. it's very different from the earth much bigger telescopes. those ground based telescopes that we've spotted these other planets out there means like how many are. in yours. troy. and

so these are not the real world that we photographed and studied with around the sun or and. so private space flight is becoming very popular in 2022 nasa is sending you a broader virgin galactic to run experiments space x. through dragon has to sarah carried nasa astronauts to iowa says there's also just blue origin as he did a good thing that space missions are becoming and being outsourced to private companies. well i think so because. the national space agency. why the russian space agency and nasa here in the united states jack engineered center and even the european space agency. can only do so many things with the budgets they have and just like at sea there are many commercial activities in here that many commercial activities mean more than just what the government agencies to

the explosion what applications of commercial space and not just face to isn't space research but also it's the end of communications in the earth monetary. reusable rocket launch process for all the results of this commercial innovation and it's really in my view the way that we begin the journey to the star trek era in the 23rd century so i wonder is this what space exploration could be like in a future of what i mean is a space agency sort of laying down the theory and private companies putting the theory to practice or at least bringing scientists into space to do it. i think very much so and you know there's an analogy in my country. the 1st explorations as . the united states started to stand across the carpets the west were government funded explorers like lewis and clark and then the military came to make forts to

protect the settlers who then followed in much larger numbers in the industrial estate with the railroads in the mills and the mines and so forth and i think we'll see a similar develop that commercial space as humans proliferate into arrears spacefaring species with industry in earth orbit and then on the moon and then on to the planets you know when we become a multiplayer that species surely these days. data could be collected just by robert's right it's safer possibly cheaper why is it always better send humans into space to conduct experiments and that is it really i don't know. well it's a good question and humans have many uses besides just doing research but speaking as a research many uses in space besides doing research well just speaking as a researcher an experiment that i'm doing. there in $22.00

is very likely to cost about a 3rd what it would have cost if we tried to automate. so by putting the person in the experiment to conduct it we make it much simpler much faster to carry out and much more while it is a demonstration that you know if you think automation is so great. why is it every university laboratory automated why isn't every research ship the robot ship why is it every geological expedition done by robots is because of all those other things they know they have in the sciences there is simpler more reliable and less expensive than automation now in spaceflight we can join the club with all the other sciences where our researchers actually go to space and do the research and improve on it over what robots to do in the case. yeah a scope aeration like there's going to be like the actual bread and butter of

commercial spacecraft i mean perhaps tourism was what virgin has in mind but realistically isn't the price tag going to be too much for space tourism to be a viable business anytime soon. and you know it's very expensive for an individual if you want to buy a ticket to the international space station. so you believe it's about $7000000.00 u.s. dollars if you want to fly on a virgin galactic it's much less expensive to go somewhere but it's still hundreds of thousands of dollars and and that's too sensitive for most people but it's the beginning and in the 1920 s. a century ago. air travel was extremely expensive. and only a few people could afford to do it but by scaling and getting economies of scale the prices were going to drop so were all of us can afford to try when the are you know we have a need to and i think the same will happen in space as well but we're in the very

early days of that i suspect the prices will come down across the twenty's thirty's forty's a much lower numbers than the scene. at mission to mars let's talk about it which is right now pretty much discussed by flamboyant billionaires on earth could end up costing billions of dollars mission like new horizons is cheaper in comparison several $100000000.00 but do you think private initiative in space could result in sponsoring a probe mission like for instance i don't sending an orbiter to pluto or another probe to saturn and cetera or will commercial space exploration revolve around you know headline making like send a man to our sensational ideas only so great question we know that in earth orbit. private companies are sending robotic missions in very large numbers to do space science and study the earth. and we already have companies in the united states in

europe. and in china for that matter that are already beginning to offer services to fly experiments to venus and morrisons of the asteroids and i think this is just the leading edge of what will become. increasingly commercial venture. almost side of the. space and science agencies like are as a medicine so. i read that the costs of flagship missions like going to mars are actually so high they may end up underfunding other nasa projects a facilitator one breakthrough perhaps but slowing down others is pace of discovery not only basically decided by a budget i mean do you use see a scenario where a person's private space enterprise steps in to help with that somehow or is it too big of a pride to know pandan agency like nasa no no no we're not limited just by budget

because through innovation we can learn to do more with the budgets that we have a good example is that this is near a use in space since rockets that are much lower price for millions are launching now as a result every dollar was saved and it's actually tens or hundreds of millions of dollars per mission and save and go into making more machines in addition we have the leverage private companies going to more issues well so we'll get more done then we used to be able to because we we've innovated in a better future and it's very reminiscent of the computer revolution when computers were enormous machines that filled rooms and they were very rare and they were very expensive and not very powerfully. certainly by today's standards and now a generation later computers are not rare routine their prices have dropped dramatically and yet they're more powerful and we're seeing the same revolution is

basically when i think about it 2050 s. we'll be living in a completely different world in terms of space flight because it is so me and you are so that america to see that thank god hopefully it alan is something great talking to you thank you very much for this wonderful insight and the best of luck to you. thank you bye. take care. i've. in january there may be a new american president but what won't change is washington stance towards iran is military conflict inevitable what is the value of diplomacy if one side fails for honor agreements and what are iran's.

emergent picking up a future textbook on the early years of the 21st century what are the chapters called gun violence school shootings. first it was my job and it was my bill it was my savings i have nothing i have nothing there's no i don't authorize alou for resources i look for jobs i look for everything i can to make this house. annoying the doing of. the road to the american dream paved with good refugees into this very idealized image of. americans look pasta the deaths that happen every single day this is a history of the usa america on r.t. .

coming together british farmer joined astra zeneca on the makers of russia's sputnik 3 job i agreed to cooperate with the study very effective in this of combining their coronavirus fact seeds. the u.s. sees a record surge in covert 19 fate teletubbies would figures not surpassing the country's deaths during world war 2.