amount and i know you've helped countless millions of people with with this vaccine and you're working maybe you moved on working on malaria which kills 400000 people a year but just a quick practical question if you experience more painful side effects does that mean your immunity immune system is stronger in some ways the good thing if you experience more pain after the vaccine you know i'm afraid not her you'd like to see you if you want to feel pain by having stronger music but that doesn't seem to be looking east with the stocks even with the large variety of other vaccines the most immune response is. one of them calls your arm if you want to speak felix lewisham the other increases your i.q. why does it not work so well against a south african variant do we know why because these initial trials had pfizer and would earn or sign a farm the chinese one was good your one novak's johnson and johnson don't seem to be effective against a south african variant is well as much. i'm afraid at some point true so all

that's been done with iraq seen against us is we don't have very small trial 2000 people out of the 60000 who've been in trials without axing were tested in south africa and all we were able to do is to get a small number of cases who had mild disease as i said earlier it's much more important that we can protect against severe disease and it's very likely looking at the results with axioms but all of the existing that seems good significant protection against severe disease with the south african very much unless security has dropped a lot over a year or 2 so what was measured in that small south african trial was protection against mild disease which was not statistically significantly present but the numbers which was small to say very much but we know that our vaccine is very similar enough seats at the johnson and johnson taxi or similar technology. has

unleashed anson johnson that scene clearly works against more severe south african cricket interactions more what is the interaction with steroids because the advice here in the national health service is going to wait 2 weeks the taking steroids or oral or injecting steroids before the vaccine until weeks afterwards while as an interaction between steroids which is the last resort for many diseases and illnesses you are so very good steroid called eczema certainly is one of the main treatments for severe if you go into hospital with oxy illegal probably get us a was discovered here and you are as one of the 1st deceptive treatments that is anti inflammatory it dampens down immune responses and once you get to the stage where your lungs are inflamed and your eye oxic and struggling for breast there you have too much inflammation and the steroids done and done the spots on the other hand what we're doing with it actually is giving you a new immune response against the current virus and there is. possible but still

it's mighty heat generation of a strong response i guess but we don't know the so we don't really know the many times you've met some where you do things on a precautionary principle and you have to take a decision on the marxian you should or should not so sometimes it's important to do what seems sensible before you got to finish. on what you should not or not know you had a busy year maybe you didn't watch our interview with robert gallo the hiv virus pioneer he was suggesting back then in the outbreak of the pandemic a possible possibly the polio vaccine may have an impact on covert and then our tests in russia suggest this may be the case. anything that in your research that might suggest that the polio vaccine is useful summer. very different irises been several similar suggestions the original one i think was not

the tuberculosis vaccine b.c. cheap might protect chickens conclude based on really rather limited evidence on the geographic distribution of well there wasn't a lot of good and there was a lot of the tb vaccine being. used so really the evidence for all of these suggestions is still very very sparse to the minds of students i don't want to dwell on the blood clot element of your vaccine i don't know what you felt about the media coverage of that element but in the very rare cases could it be the additives in the vaccine that cause the blood clot that we just don't know that's presented and not sure what you mean by additives it's mainly of virus that is is the vaccine itself look we don't know what's happening yet there's a huge amount of research going on my own view is that you need both of our own picture and the spike on tissue and contribute to the us it's

a very interesting the it appears to be emerging just in the last few weeks but the 2nd dose of vaccine most people have to as you know doesn't seem to do there's. a clue as to what's going on i do things that we will be able to address those hopefully in the coming months either was reducing the dose of that scene or giving it a different route or some other maneuver that sir hopefully immediately or away from the pure science of research here on the on the logistics because just expose the biggest problem with that solution on the planet at the moment is vaccine supply not science it's manufacturing it's availability it's getting vaccine to places where there isn't enough i mean israel is supposed to be the groundbreaking country on this and of course while we think the. pictures of atrocities in gaza we know the palestinian numbers are vaccinated are far less what have you felt when you

hear that in the united states 200000 of your vaccines may have been destroyed again because of logistics problems so you want people at difficult it was the same problem of luck shots are so incredibly rare but get so much publicity that's. too much focus on the same new marital issue comes up with that accidents we're talking about maybe $8000000.00 doses of to be distributed last year if we as a global community can do that we have never distributed half a 1000000000 doses of any particular vaccine year around the world so we're trying to do something that is massively more difficult in scale 16 times more difficult than has ever been done before worse than that we're doing it with new look seeing technology use and a lot of the scale of manufacture required is just extraordinarily high and the manufacturing facilities that we would need. world frankly do not exist

so not only do you not have enough manufacturing you don't have people trained to manufacture these and you axioms because the technology of manufacturing is new ones but you also need very simple things like buy reactor magdaléna plastic that are very specialized in availability and there is a. and we've run out of those. as well and these are problems that you could argue that retrospection see we were aware this was going to be more difficult than making the vaccine providing $10000000.00 doses in it in a year and so it's turned out to be so i wish people would focus much more on manufacturing not on issues like patents which are not the current problem with these manufacturing efficiencies. one trying to get as much not seem to countries where it's just really needed to clearly low income countries who have been well

understood in rich countries i mean despite all those problems there has been a phenomenal success with this as regards developing countries you i know you're working on malaria now you worked on a ball or vaccine. 'd is the reason why the rollout was nowhere near as spectacular with you or a bone or that scene approved by the european union in over the summer because they disproportionately were black people who quarter boll. who it was very different many ways it was localized essentially just 3 countries in west africa the scale of supply that was needed was millions of billions of dollars and while i think one of the big lessons of this pandemic is or is even if you've got a great track seems like knowledge reason money good even if you can move very quickly like we've never done before and make a vaccine and here again licensed you still need

a huge upgrade in manufacturing capacity if your need is going to be global and it's very likely look next time as well the lower income countries will lose out because the richer countries will come in as they did just i'm an korea owner and provide billions of dollars of money up front so manufacturers and so you preserve these like scenes for our country it's very hard to stop the free market economy but of course why not circumvent the free market arguably sign a farm has kind of been doing that by sending out free vaccine all round from the. countenances of of a chinese communist party and give out the information of your famous come to the protest all around britain in the past few days against the astra zeneca vaccine because it refuses to leave your partner has a history that you refuse to give it out apparently bill gates persuaded you that you know this is this is how it should be done. why would you even support the joe

biden administration waiver. we support the supply of what's needed now to save lives this year if you had no passenger decided a year and a half ago 2000 no patents allowed you would have had a very different start and you might get it's a burn effect from the pollution of the sea or if you change the law or no i can't see how you solve the problems i've just described of not having the manufacturing facilities not having the roi imprudence from taxing the city manufacturing that you're running. and not having trained personnel to manufacture the vaccine so if you don't have the manufacturing facilities it doesn't matter where you go patents or not you don't have people to make the vaccine you know how to us and are able to make it to a standard that any regulation would approve so look it's idealistic it's wonderful

to think of having no parsons or pathogen vaccines if you're going to do that you need to do us start not 15 months into the largest and an eclipse of the century it's not going to make a quick difference even if that were agreed and i don't personally believe that it can be agreed very quickly because people not vaccine manufacturing are pushing back strongly i mean i'm sure i'm sure they are a dark put wyler of this institution in here is going under severe questions in the united states and boris johnson. angela merkel obviously against the waiver according to have the way with the joe biden appears to be advocating but then given all of that your malaria research would you do it again and if you get a vaccine to save $400000.00 here would you partner with a company like astra zeneca again known for some of the biggest $1000000000.00 settlements admitting no wrong doing for wrongly promoting drugs that weren't.

went the way they were supposed to be know what you're referring to the important point is the learning like soon as not you. it's a partnership between the university of oxford under-served institute of india the world's largest nazi supplier as we just discussed and there are an ideal our earth for $83.00 x. seemed because they are the biggest supplier of vaccines to local continent of africa and they're known for large scale manufacturers but also the low price of those vaccines of course that's why they're so popular in low income countries because they come to a halt so who for a disease like malaria a predominantly kills children predominantly kills children in africa or hundreds of thousands every year and has been a problem for millennia we urgently need a solution we need a malaria vaccine or actually the technology to make one we just need the investment and the commitment companies to do that and frankly very few

companies are involved at all in malaria in development over the last 30 years and it's fantastic that certainly 3 years ago and are now with us to manufacture what looks like a very promising taxing reservation l. thank you after the break up british army m i 5 conspiracy to kill civilians with me to the lawyer for the families devastated by the bally buffy massacre. a new gold rush is underway in ghana thousands of ill equipped workers are flocking to the gold fields hoping to strike it rich here's a book out of his battles at work children are torn between gold and education my family was very poor i thought i was doing my best to get back to school which side

will have the strongest appeal. seemed wrong. but old rules just don't. let me. get to shake out just because that's ok and engagement equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground.

welcome back today marks 47 years since the allegedly british state back dublin in one bombings the deadliest attack of the troubles in the past week another flashpoint in the history of the troubles as one headlines as 10 people killed in the belly movie massacre 9 definitively by british soldiers found to be innocent joining me now from belfast to discuss the result is a lawyer in the valley muffy inquest quadric o'meara thank you so much more drinks for coming on i have to say that general mike jackson who's been on this show said and there was no war crimes by the british army he was the parachute regiment captain on the day of what happened on bali murphy there was no cover up he

maintained even as a witness at this inquest tell me about the significance of the valley movie massacre and this result in the past few days before see just in general jackson 8 was a press officer for this tragedy at one part of the room vault in the desert john la very cool to the. people that imagine to worship jack to the inquest and see if not in question or of the misinformation that was there stated to look at media he was preaching media and a report appeared in the belfast telegraph the shipper on the 11th of august $971.00. what's key in that lottery in court were to go mint of course has been formed on its head by these feints and the last of this has been very very significant that we now a family after 50 years have been added in speed report the original in question 72972 were shown the are you see your very best to get this probably in families literally have to take it all themselves up to worst pay for witnesses gather

evidence we brought that the attorney general can years ago openly and question family we're here it's spend quite a week for the families and there's a lot of i suppose it's especially you know their own mother and their loved ones it's been a long journey but there's also some relief that family under the eyes of the law there's a given the keys and that they're going to see even a living will not consent for 50 years i mean for our international viewers their implications you have a british army conduct right around the world and well before the massacre in yemen yes regarding the eyewitnesses the b.b.c. famously apologized for even talking about an eyewitness that regarding the $171.00 allegations of. victims being in the hi ira what have you thought of the coverage of the inquest i know it's a given seem more coverage now but i mean what what did the people you represent think of the fact that one of the soldiers used part of the skull of one of the

parachute regiment victims as an ash tray that was one of the bits of evidence of it was denied by one of the you know with weapons well we heard now 8 many examples of reality to partially president through various witnesses during the course of this inquest in your great great there was a there was a very media coverage of it now and some local press the greater the international press in fact so if a journalist and you appeared on one occasion of the day that gerry adams was given evidence and he was more concerned with gerry adams being grilled than the 10 people who have lost their days so has been. much more international coverage last few days a husband disappointing that he did it the media haven't given us well it deserves plenty of coverage throughout the world it hasn't happened but hopefully these failings and the very critical come to buy the car now will change that as i said mike jackson and the inquest of the british army don't do conspiracies what was the feeling in the court when witness m 597 said something i'll just psychopaths in

belfast revelling in killing of civilians i mean do you think the british army in ireland were the k.k.k. as he seemed to suggest in that immunity from prosecution now being extolled by penny mordant was johnson's government arguably is part of this part of this brotherhood keeping things quiet yes and 5 a 7 was it was a very impressive looking seat that indeed referred to the x.x. as a brother igniting a candle because fox was using those words. it was a de facto amnesty interests and the more that are under the name there's always been taught in recent days about the move towards a little on the state by boris johnson this tory government but the reality is and the families of the less there has been the fact the one was the case for 50 years and 3 to conflict there's been very very few instances incidents of were soldiers or of the police officers have been investigated properly for the act for their

actions are usually full force and it's been very much the exception that they have interface with the criminal justice system. it was unclear from the queen's speech in the past few days whether bara strong has going to pursue this immunity is it your understanding that the soldiers that killed your clients will be immune to prosecution well that is that you quite rightly say it was somewhat ambiguous but it's very very clear that this tory government on tory m.p.'s up the pub in pursuing this matter now and for that not only recent weeks recent months but over the last number of years will say that's the direction of traffic we have yet to see the proposed legislation that may not solve the problem we will be all moderation and we can reflect the matter and it may be that these families take a legal action against the proposal and it may also have impact have an impact on those current prosecutions you know we have soldier affably somebody. you know we have to be corrected out of those families will be interested to see whether

they're actually not only to bring in on the state but also to stay present prosecutions i mean in fairness to boris johnson i know the families were unhappy with his just a phone call to the 1st ministers in the installment and the letter but i mean of his it was john for a new can on this show who said that when when david cameron now involved i know in a in a corruption scandal or his evidence about it he's said there was that david cameron around the cabinet table to draw off a nuke and said you realise there are people out there who don't want me even to give an inquiry into the killing of the iris and if there are bad for new can can you understand the pressures on on morris terms. well i know that's for sure boris to say she is price or i personally don't feel boris gives about the people of west belfast. you know the area we're talking about paula morphy here not only the subject of the physical violence of the british army german conflict but also the

structural council of the unionist successive british governments since then we've had mass discrimination in areas in unemployment so our experience of the british government that i grew up in this community or experience that really stuck with was not a good one and i nestle sure of course johnson has an 8 pain for these families or they don't have to be honest working class families and britain either he does a straight me as i can of a minister but he denies that he said he replace karren brady of northern ireland secretary. he said killing by british soldiers is no crime well let's let's see the proof is in the pauline if you push forward with this legislation we will we will soon know what his intent is and i must respect the house for these families the families priority wasn't an apology what they would prefer is justice and the rate to pursue these matters and have due process it and i view even be attempting to close that door just as it certainly seems to be and handle this pretty scope with it but hopefully mars will be clear in the next few weeks if that is the case then

these families will look at that legislation closely and if if there's merit in it the families will need to challenge that any action by the british government approves that there were a look i mean why do you think the media arguably with i think that's will win in promoting the idea that your clients were ira militants i mean back to back to you said parts of the cabin i mean it's clear that operation demetrius was drawn up by m i 5 just near where i'm talking to you why would the media do this why are you unhappy with how the move here have worked as regards the thing quest and is it pressure or incompetence. well going back to making sandy one of the media were breached by the army and what doesn't appear to have happened is that the media have to look for the other artists from that community if they can what they've been told by the army on their credit and that's certainly what happened on their lap and the article i referred to your earlier and through the conflict you know i

grew up in this community. we have always had concerns about the media reporting and fairness of that report and the accuracy of i've met many people through my professional work from england or other nicely who never knew of of those events they didn't look at bomber feet it didn't go up but variant of the key and then they had the inquiry in the accounting group listed in the families to bring the say she's too forward what he's saying to us and this is representing. clients and i don't know yemen kenya maybe iraq having thought you got this victory bank with all these they know soldiers that mean sent to jail yet well i think it's important that lawyers lawyers have a rule to play and you know the institutions will prevail justice it's actually the humans who use the instruments use which legal instruments so lawyers have a very very important rule and what i would say to them is to gather the evidence to get witness statements as if this was a major obstacle to me 203040 years later trying to gather the evidence because it

was a proper investigation to facial gather that evidence as you know and that the mac innocence may or may not be there present at the fair game but they have to face that also they have the caribbean get that message out internationally as well and use all of the legal mechanisms that they conduct hadith we started off this county and with virtually little or no one for admission we had a folder of material and after many many years of campion and many years of going and a note of court facing these bottles alone on a plane no front on a legal front if i sleep got some reward for that or at the inquest on will choose day so that you know there were more dark days than do deciples but we never. of all the irrepressible start of these families were key to that so keep faith in and keep a late mcphearson of actually willfully it able have the c.m.o. call that we found a positive outcome for the families you know the narrative you must be very conversant with the narrative by the so-called mainstream media that. they keep

comparing it to apartheid south africa the british occupation and island and then they say there was a true the reconciliation committee you shouldn't be dragging all of this up what's the feeling of you in the families when this narrative is continually promoted that what you're doing in danger is peace and no i actually think it's the opposite i think it encourages reconciliation you can't you can't you can't have reconciliation and 2 people have a truce if you deny them that it's a sewer and that's sure look at porsche or should i think it's the opposite i think what we are involved in at the minute has a he in fact and i think legal decisions and good legal it comes in help society should be built after conflict i so i think it's the opposite if you try to draw a lane and not be with that that will say that will get worse and worse and it's going for example if you have grandchildren canopy and you want to live in their grandparents were killed so it's transformative to go through the generations because you'll hear their stories their family and justice of their parents their

grandparents there's actually their grip conferenced on unless you dress at a table meet some some clues or people need to have a fair process and i think that can help rebuild a society emerge at a concert as well just finally and briefly on this anniversary of government and bombings. any success we know from the nuremberg trials of the soldiers on duty in bali murphy and all protected internationally by just following orders in denver international law any closer to finding out who the real ringleader is in m i 5 of operation demetrius the people who got the soldiers in the positions they were in when they fired. when your clients who these people were well we did have some seniors solution recall to go they had a 2 part general jeffrey how did get out of institute the inquest we had you know general jackson if you tickle a very senior melody figure. well we were limited in terms of treason soldiers we

were limited in terms of the information that was provided to the coroner by the ministry of defense so wish we had an imperfect process we had to make the best that to achieve we did. you know we were darkness that were withheld from was war and been destroyed in the meantime were never confident we had all the information and i'm also involved in a civil action really sniper operation beatrice and term of as well so that is face it was a corvette from that one hasn't finished yet so he say the british army all the soldiers they all deny wrongdoing quarter go mary thank you that's it for the show will be back on wednesday as hearings continue into the corruption trial of israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu currently the subject of international attention for the bombing of our 3 civilians in the past week.

new york is really what america is about. when our mayor took office she was elected because of his campaign on our city being a tale of 2 cities that have not and those who have not are usually the ones who are going to being very hard on this city has always wanted to forget about iowa city has wanted to forget about the people who are buried there wanted to forget about the fact that there is a potter's field but there is a place where difficult stories are here the fact there were using inmates to maintain this act as burial site where 1000000 souls are buried where so much of new york city history is buried is the cement of the inequality that has existed in this city for centuries.

shocking images of children killed in the crossfire as violence between israel and palestinian militants enters a 2nd week with no end in sight. and fish eldredge their 23 and 4 years old what do they do that made it necessary to do whether they were germans of peace since. it comes as host of peace between israel and gaza militants continue with missiles being fired from both sides and israel blaming hamas for the escalation and civilian deaths i want to say is a full minute commanded in the i.d.f. to the citizens of gaza we love you we want you to leave and all my life you need.