number of people and if you have high and you got the charges as you should the vaccination most people you'll be protected against nearly all variance to a substantial it steps not what i mean but if you're very unlikely to end up hospital or severely arm well you might have some symptoms but it should be a mild infection and i know you've helped countless millions of people with with this vaccine and you're working maybe you moved on working on malaria which kills 400000 people a year but just a quick practical question if you experience more painful thing a defect does that mean your immunity immune system is stronger in some ways the good thing if you experience more pain after the vaccine you know i'm afraid not hurt you like to feel you were being rewarded for your pain by having stronger immediacy but that doesn't seem to be located with dyslexia or with a large variety of other vaccines the osa immune response is once one of them causes your arm to urgently get you out of fetal bitch lewisham the other increases

your auntie why does it not work so well against a south african variant do we know why because these initial trials and phase one would earn or sign a farm the chinese one was good your one novak's johnson and johnson don't seem to be effective against a south african variant is well as much. i'm afraid that's not going true so all it's been done with our exene against us is we've got a very small trial 2000 people out of the 60000 who have been in trials with axing which are still in south africa and all we were able to do is to get a small number of cases miles disease now as i said earlier it's much more important that we can protect against severe disease and it's very likely looking at the results with accidents but all of the existing that seems get significant protection against severe disease with the south african very much unless security has dropped a lot over europe so what was measured in that small south african trial was

protection against mild disease which was not statistically significantly present but the numbers which was small to say very much but we know that our black scene is very similar in that seat at the johnson and johnson taxi or similar technology cers and lee johnson and johnson that seem clearly what works against more severe south african variant interactions more what is the interaction with steroids because their advice here in the national health service is going to wait 2 weeks they're taking steroids or oral or injecting steroids before the vaccine until weeks afterwards well as an interaction between steroids which is the last resort for many diseases and illnesses you're so very good steroid called eczema certain is one of the main treatments for severe if you go into hospital with ox you know you'll probably get lots of us are discovered here and you can. as one of the 1st effective treatments that is anti inflammatory it dampens down immune responses and

once you get to the stage where your lungs are inflamed and your eye oxygen struggling for breast there you have too much inflammation in the steroids and done the spots on the other hand what we're doing with it actually is giving you a new immune response against the current virus and there is. possible students might impede the generation of a strong response i guess but we don't know the so we don't really know the many times you've met some where you do things on the precautionary principle and you have to take a decision on it's like see you should or should not be doing so sometimes it's important to do what seems sensible before you've got to finish. on whether you should you not or not now i know you've had a busy year maybe you didn't watch our interview with robert gallo the hiv virus pioneer he was suggesting back then in the outbreak of the pandemic a possible possibly the polio vaccine may have an impact on covert and there were

tests in russia suggests this may be the case. anything that in your research that might suggest that the polio vaccine is useful some are. very different viruses have been several similar suggestions the original one i think was not the tuberculosis vaccine b.c. cheap might protect chickens try to get based on really rather limited evidence on the geographic distribution of where there wasn't a lot of good and there was a lot of the tb vaccine being. used so who really the evidence for all of these suggestions is still very very sparse to the minds of students i don't want to dwell on the blood clot element of your vaccine i don't know what you felt about the media coverage of that element but in the very rare cases could it be the additives in the vaccine that cause the blood quarter we just don't know with astra

zeneca i'm not sure what you mean by additives it's mainly of virus that is is the vaccine itself look we don't know what's happening yes there's a huge amount of research going on my own view is that you need both of our own fracture and the spine to. contribute to the us it's a very interesting it appears to be emerging just in the last few weeks of the 2nd dose of vaccine and most people have to as you know doesn't seem to do there's. a clue as to what's going on i do think that we will be able to address this hopefully in the coming months either way is reducing the dose of that scene or giving it a different route or some other maneuver that sir hopefully immediately or away from the pure science of research here on here on the logistics because of logistics because the biggest problem with that solution on the planet at the

moment is not seen supply are not science it's manufacturing it's availability it's getting vaccines or places where there isn't enough i mean israel is supposed to be the groundbreaking country on this and of course as well we think the. pictures of atrocities in gaza we know the palestinian numbers a vaccinator half hour or less what have you felt when you hear that in the united states 200000 of your vaccines may have been destroyed again because of logistics problems i think all people of difficulty work is the same problem with blood clots or are so incredibly rare that get so much publicity that's that's too much focus on the same numerical issue comes up with that accidents we're talking about maybe $8000000.00 doses of to be distributed last year if if we as a global community can do that we have never distributed half a 1000000 doses of any particular vaccine year around the world so we're trying to

do something that is massively more difficult in scale 16 times more difficult as ever been done before worse than that we're doing it with new looks in technology use and a lot of the scale of manufacture of current is just extraordinarily high and the manufacturing facilities that we need. world frankly do not exist so not only do you not have enough manufacturing capacity you don't have people trained to manufacture these and you accidents because the technology and you actually use new ones but you also need very simple things like buy reactor bags may not plastic that are very specialized in availability and there is a there. and we've run out of those. as well and these are problems that you could argue that retrospection that being seen we were aware this was going to be more difficult than making the vaccine providing $10000000.00 doses and in

a year and so it's turned out to be so i just wish people would focus much more on manufacturing not on issues like patterns which are not the current problem these earth manufacturing deficiencies. untried get as much not seem to countries where it's just really needed secretly low income countries who have been well under supply aren't rich countries i mean despite all those problems there has been a phenomenal success with this as regards developing countries you i know you work on malaria now you worked on a ball or vaccine. is the reason why the rollout was nowhere near as spectacular with you or a bone or that scene approved by the european union in over the summer because they disproportionately were black people who were quarter boll. who it was very different many ways it was localized essentially just 3 countries in west africa

the scale of supply that was needed was millions of doses not billions of tests and while i think one of the big lessons of this pandemic is or is even if you got greater it seems like knowledge reason money good even if you can move very quickly like we've never done before and make a vaccine and you're going to license you still need a huge upgrade in manufacturing capacity if your need is going to be global and it's very likely look next time as well the lower income countries will lose out because the richer countries will come in as late. and preorder and provide billions of dollars of money up front so the manufacturers and state reserve these maxine's for our country that's very hard to stop the free market economy but of course why not circumvent the free market arguably sign a farm has kind of been doing that by sending out free vaccine all round from the. countenances of of a chinese communist party and give out the information of your famous to the

protester all around britain in the past few days against the astra zeneca vaccine because it refuses the your partner has has or that you refuse to give it out apparently bill gates persuaded you that you know this is this is how it should be done. why won't you even support the joe biden administration waiver. we support the supply of what's needed now to save lives this year if you had no possums or decided here and a half ago 2000 no patents allowed you would have a very different starting point and you might give us a bonus for it from the blues or the seer if you change the law or no i can't see how you solve the problems i've just described of not having the manufacturing facilities not having the roi and credence for axing the same manufacturing that you're running. and not having trained personnel to manufacture the vaccine so if

you don't have the manufacturing facilities it doesn't matter where you go patents are not you don't have people to make the vaccine you know not us and are able to make it to a standard that any regulation would approve so look it's idealistic it's wonderful to think of having no parsons for outbreak pathogen vaccines if you're going to do that you need to do us start not 15 months into the largest i'm going equipped city this century it's not going to make a quick difference even if that were agreed and i don't personally believe that it can be agreed very quickly because people not by blacks in manufacturing are pushing back strongly i'm not sure i'm sure they are a dark wood wyler of this incident in years going under severe questions in the united states and boris johnson. angela merkel obviously against the waiver according to the way with joe biden appears to be advocating but then given all of

that your malaria research would you do it again and if you get a vaccine to save 4 $100000.00 here would you partner with a company like astra zeneca again known for some of the biggest $1000000000.00 settlements admitting no wrongdoing for for a wrongly promoting drugs that weren't. went the way they were supposed to be no no what you're referring to the important point is the learning like soon as not . it's a partnership between the university of oxford on the sermon stooge of india the world's largest vaccine supplier as we just discussed and they're an ideal partner for a relaxing because they are the biggest supplier of that seems to little continent of africa and they're known for their large scale of manufacture but also the low price of those vaccines of course that's why they are so popular in low income countries because they can be afforded so for a disease like malaria a predominantly kills children predominantly kills children in africa and hundreds

of thousands every year and has been a problem for millennia we urgently need a solution we need a malaria vaccine and have actually the technology to make one we just need the investment and the commitment by companies to do that and frankly very few companies are involved at all in malaria in development over the last 30 years and it's fantastic that servants you see of india 3 years ago came into our dinner with us and to manufacture what looks like a very promising baxi. thank you after the break a british army m i 5 conspiracy to kill civilians will speak to the lawyer for the families devastated by the. l. look forward to talking to you all that technology should work for people. must obey the orders given by human beings except where such conflict with the 1st

law show your identification or should be very careful about artificial intelligence and the point obviously is to create. conflict areas chokri with artificial intelligence where some of. the obama must protect its own existence was mixed. with. a new gold rush is underway and. workers are flocking to the gold fields hoping to strike it rich. as. children are torn between gold. from me was very poor i thought i was doing my best to get back to school which side will have the strongest appeal.

welcome back today marks 47 years since the allegedly british take back dublin one and bombings the deadliest attack of the troubles in the past week another flashpoint in the history of the troubles don't have lines as 10 people killed in the belly movie massacre 9 definitively by british soldiers found to be innocent joining me now from belfast to discuss the result as a lawyer in the bottom of the inquest portrait mary thank you so much wondering for coming on i have to say that general mike jackson has been on this show said there was no war crimes by the british army he was the parachute regiment captain on the day of what happened on bali muffy there was no cover up he maintained even as a witness at this inquest tell me about the significance of the body movie massacre and this result in the past few days but of course he just in general jackson 8 was a press officer for this tragedy at one party who were involved in the desert john

law very interesting court to the. 10 people it imagine to were shut up to the inquest and it was clear from that inquest that he was part of the misinformation that was theirs aided the local media he was briefing media and a report appeared in the belfast telegraph newspaper on the allow them to vote was 971 which he had that lottery in court were to go and then of course has been turned on its head by the faint in the last this was been very very significant now we know a family after 50 years have been added in speed report the original inquest in 72972 were shown the r.u.c. never investigated this probably in families literally have to take it on themselves to worst pay for witnesses gather evidence we brought out the attorney general can years ago open the inquest a family we're here it's been quite a week for the families and there's a lot of schools and so it's better street you know they're not going there although it has been

a long journey but there's also some relief the family. in the eyes of the law there's a vindication that their innocence even lived not themselves for 50 years i mean for our international viewers their implications you have a british army conduct right around the world and well before the belly murphy a massacre in yemen arguably yes regarding the eyewitnesses the b.b.c. famously apologized for even talking about an eyewitness regarding the $171.00 allegations of. victims being in the ira what have you thought of the coverage of the inquest i know it's good to see more coverage now but i mean what what did the people you represent think of the fact that one of the soldiers used part of the skull of one of the parachute regiment victims as an ash tray that was one of the bits of evidence of it was denied by one of the anonymous witness well we heard mary many examples of brutality to partially president through various witnesses during the course of this inquest in your great great there was a there was

a very media coverage of that now and some local press the greater the international press in fact so if you are a journalist in your peer communities of the day that gerry adams has given evidence and he's more concerned with gerry adams been drilled in the 10 people who have lost their days so as been much more international coverage last few days it has been disappointing to hear that the media haven't given this well deserved plenty of coverage throughout the world it hasn't happened but hopefully these failings and the very critical complicated coroner will change that as i said mike jackson and the inquest of the british army don't do conspiracies what was the feeling in the court when witness m 597 said some soldiers were psychopaths in belfast revelling in killing of civilians i mean do you think the british army in ireland were the k.k.k. as he seemed to suggest in that immunity from prosecution now being extolled by

penny mordant johnny mercer was johnson's government arguably is part of this part of this brotherhood keeping things quiet. yes and 5 a saturn was it was a very impressive look was he didn't date referred to the x. fatsis as a brother igniting a candle because it was using his words. there was a de facto on the state and the north of out in the mean there's obviously been taught in recent days about the move towards a little on the state by boris johnson as tory government but the reality is and the families of the less there has been the fact along with the case for 15 years and through the conflict there's been very very few instances incidents of war soldiers or the police officers have been investigated properly for the act for their actions and are usually through force and it's been very much the exception that event or fees for the criminal justice system. it was unclear from the queen's speech in the past few days whether bars johnson is going to pursue this immunity is it your understanding that the soldiers that killed your clients will be immune

to prosecution. she clearly say it was somewhat ambiguous but it's very very clear that this tory government on tory m.p.'s about to pop in pursuing this matter now and for that not only recent weeks recent most of the last number of years so i think that's the direction of traffic and we've yet to see the proposed legislation that may not solve the problem we will be all narration and we can reflect the matter that maybe these families take a legal action against the goes the proposal and it may also have impact have an impact on those current prosecutions you know we have soldier affability so they. you know we have to correct it out of those families will be interested to see whether they're actually not only to bring in another state but also to stay present prosecutions i mean in fairness to boris johnson i know the families were unhappy with his just a phone call to the 1st ministers in the installment and the letter but i mean it was it was johnson who can on this show who said that when when david cameron now

involved i know in a in a corruption scandal or his evidence about it he said that there was that david cameron around the cabinet table to draw off a nuke and said you realise there are people out there who don't want me even to give an inquiry into the killing of the iris and if there are bad for new can can you understand the pressures on on morris terms. well i don't that's for sure morris is a she is pressure i personally don't feel boris gives a shit about the people of west belfast. you know that the area we're talking about paula morphy here not only the subject of the physical violence of the british army general conflict but also the structural council of the unionists to it and successive british governments since then we've had mass discrimination in areas in unemployment so our experience of the british government and i grew up in this community our experience of british government is not a good one and i know some share boris johnson has an 8 came for these families or

they'd have to be honest work class families and britain either it was a straight me as that kind of a minister but he denies that he said he replaced karren brady of northern ireland secretary of the roma question he said killing by british soldiers is no crime well let's see the proof is in the party and if he was forward with this legislation we will we will soon know what his intent is and i must respect the house for these families the families priority wasn't an apology what they would prefer is justice and the right to pursue these matters and how to process it and may view he will be attempting to close that door just as certainly seems to be intent of this british government but hopefully mars will be clear in the next few weeks if that is the cutest and these families will look at that legacy isn't closely and if if there's merit in it the families will need to challenge that any action by the british government the crews out there a look i mean why do you think the media arguably with i think seth will.

in promoting the idea that your clients were ira militants i mean back to back to you said parts of the cabin i mean it's clear that operation demetrius was drawn up by m i 5 just near where i'm talking to you why would the media do this why are you unhappy with how the media have worked as regards the thing quest and is it pressure or incompetence. well going back to 971 the media were breached by the army and what doesn't appear to have happened is that the media have to look for the other not of from that community if they can what they've been told by the army on their credit and that's certainly what happened on the list and the article i referred to your earlier untruth the conflict you know i grew up in this community . we have always had concerns about the media reporting and fairness of that report and the accuracy of it i met many people through my professional work from you know and or other nicely who never knew over those events they didn't look at all were

fitted in what variant of the key and then they had the inquiry and they can't be angry so listed in the families to bring the say she's too forward what would you say to us and this is representing. clients and i don't know yemen kenya maybe iraq i think that you got this victory i think with obviously no soldiers i mean sent to jail yet well i think it's important that lawyers lawyers have a rule to play and you know the institutions will prevail justice it's actually the humans who use the instruments use a legal instrument so lawyers have a very very important rule and what i would say to them is to get out of the avon's to get witness statements as if this was a major upset with me 203040 years later trying to gather the evidence because it was a proper investigation the facial got out against it you know and that american isms may or may not be there present that today but they have the faith that also they have the caribbean get that message out internationally as well and usual all of the legal mechanisms that they conned a hate if we started off this county and with virtually little or no one for

admission we had a folder of material and after many many years of campion and many years of going and going out of court facing these bottles alone on up the legal front on the legal front we eventually got some reward for that all not at the inquest on one will choose day so it you know there were more dark there is than do deciples but we never. of all the irrepressible start of these families were key to that so keep faith and keep a late mcphearson of actually it will have the seam of coal that we find a positive they're called for the families you know the narrative you must be very conversant with the narrative by the so-called mainstream media that. they keep comparing it to apartheid south africa the british occupation in ireland and then they say there was a true the reconciliation committee. he shouldn't be dragging all of this up what's the feeling of you in the families when this narrative is continually promoted that

what you're doing in danger is peace and no i actually think it's the opposite i think it encourages reconciliation you can't you can't you can't have reconciliation until people have the truce if you deny them that it's a sewer and that's sure look at porsche or should i think it's the opposite i think what we are involved in at the minute has a he in fact and i think good legal decisions and good legal const can help society build after conflict i think it's the opposite if you try to roll in and not be with a double stuff that will get worse and worse and it's been for example palmer if you have grandchildren can at the end of the world believe in their grandparents were killed so it's transformative to go through the generations because they'll hear the stories they'll fillion justice of their parents their grandparents there's actually their grip conferenced on unless you address it people need some some closure people need to have a fair process and i think that can help rebuild a society emerge at a concert as well just finally and briefly on this anniversary of government and

bombings. any success we know from the nuremberg trials of the soldiers on duty in bali muffy and all protected internationally by just following orders endeavor international law any closer to finding out who the real ringleader is and only 5 of operation demetrius the people who got the soldiers in the positions they were in when they fire. upon your clients who these people were well we did have some seniors solution recall to go be headed up to par out general geoffrey hurley to give evidence to the inquest we've got you know general jackson to be a typical a very senior going to be figure and well we were limited in terms of treason soldiers we were limited in terms of the information that was provided to the corner by the ministry of defense so wish we had an imperfect process we had to make the best that to achieve we did but no doubt. you know we were darkness that were withheld from was or have been destroyed and to be tamed we're never confident

we have all the information and i'm also in florida still actually released after it after is of interest and in terms of this well will similar to status it was corvet from that wasn't finished so he'd say the british army all the soldiers they all deny wrongdoing porter go mary thank you that's it for the show will be back on wednesday as hearings continue into the corruption trial of israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu currently the subject of international attention for the bowling of fellow students and in the past we see that. new york is really what america is about. when our mayor took office he was elected because of his campaign on our city being a tale of 2 cities that haves and have not and those who have not are usually the

ones who wind up being very hard out of the city has always wanted to forget about iowa city has wanted to forget about the people who are buried there wanted to forget about the fact that there is a potter's field but there is a place where difficult stories are hidden the fact that we're using inmates to maintain this act is very. site where 1000000 souls are buried where so much of new york city history is very is the cement of the inequality that has existed in this city for centuries. the crisis and so the crisis began if that's the way used to be now there is just one crisis on top of another you don't know world one starts and one stops and it's just a multiple crises stacked up you know right there funny and you're thinking you're soft my goodness gracious what happened.

shocking images of children killed in the crossfire as violence between israel and palestinian militants enters a 2nd week with no end in sight. little children feel 234 years old what did they do that made it necessary to kill them they were told them to pieces it comes as those synergies between israel and gaza militants continue with missiles fired from both sides and israel blaming how much for the escalation and civilian deaths i want to say there's a full moon commanded to the citizens of gaza we love you we want you to leave all my life you need to know. how my.