call at 19 con diabetes, now joined by homes and served diabetes as menache university in a trolley and founder of the international diabetes institute. trip isn't it is good to see you. good to talk to you. thank you very much for your time. lovely to talk to. now i know that you have devoted many years of your life. warning about the dangerous and b snowballing nature of diabetes is ravaging effects on the body is higher, rocketing race around the globe. but i wonder before this current or on the wire, it's been demick. struct. didn't ever occur to you that diabetes could find such a powerful and cunning ally as it didn't start for me to i think it's a very good question to study. and i certainly didn't expect the pandemic obviously, but people with diabetes, for a number raises, whether it's not adequately managed or that they have some immune problem. then

their risk of infections and something like the coven 19 pandemic, was very bad news. the people diabetes. and we considered as one of the very high risk situations in terms of people being in now correct me from wrong. but my understanding is that what these 2 viruses or 2 conditions actually produces some sort of a hybrid monster who was viral nature, get amplified by the pre existing chronic conditions. you just sat in your wrote about it before the most nations prove unprepared for but the condemning but wasn't really so hard to predict. because as you just mentioned, we have known all along that form of the bulk how predisposition to all sorts of ours is go hand in hand. well,

it was bound to happen. we just didn't expect that. and, and this has been a shock for socio economic reasons. and many other reasons and certainly in terms of diabetes and it's twin brother are based on t. these are 2 of the very high risk situations. now it's been clear from the beginning of it's been dining that diabetes substantially increases the profitability of both making mortality complications. but starting from late last year, the medical community has been buzzing about the reverse possibility. that is the experience i'll call at $900.00 triggering diabetes. i know that your institute is keeping your register all 5 cases from around the world. how widespread it is. well, we are collecting data fully funded mind just as the room as

it goes of the research in collaboration with kings college in london. and we've now since the band to make staff is all the we've been experiencing it. we've rolled something like people from about 4550 countries now who are reporting cases into the register for us to look at and the well, i think we have something like now that we're heading for 400 cases and the cause, this is a way of an under estimate because many people in the developing countries don't have the facilities only the way of collecting data that we would name for the register, but it is a significant problem. now i know that there are several hypothesis as to what may produce such an office. what is it, what it is in the composition experience that may lead to diabetes?

which of these hypothesis looks more likely to you at this point? well, that's a good question. and there are still people in our profession could and convinced actually that code is causing all this trouble. because many of the people who may have just develop but may have had pre existing diabetes. and we know time to be adult forms can be very modeling symptomatic, can not be picked up from the many years. in terms of the theories, one of the one is that there is a direct attack by the virus on the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. which will result in type one diabetes, right? time will time one, but also it can type 2 in the sense that it doesn't go completely caused complete

destruction. there's of course, the fact that when the virus gets in the cell and into an organ gone, inflammation and inflammation is a trigger for diabetes. and people who may have a family history of diabetes, or even if they don't have it. and the real sneaky thing about this is that in every cell we have what we call a receptor in the wall of the reset of the cell. and if a hormone comes along, it gets into the seal going through like a gateway. this key virus has worked out how to get into the still using this gateway, which is a normal in someone who hasn't got diabetes, who is a normal pathway for any woman to given the cells in different organs. so it's called the ice receptor, and that is a theory. a lot of people are hanging the car. now,

if i understood you correctly, let me know if i'm wrong here. obviously this is still much on there if there's subject, but from what it says you're saying is that covered, i think cause some sort of hybrid diabetes. so it's not strictly type one, no strictly type to, but that makes the both of them with compromise capacity for insulin production and also compromise back before the insulin resistance or rather a triggering wind resistance. well, i think you put a very good case there. i think we are seeing type one diabetes to the direct destruction of the pan cuz but if you're looking at the whole picture, you're not seeing just one or the other. and we know there are issues that the virus when with the diabetes, creates a situation in people with diabetes that they may need more insulin, for example,

to treat it. so i think there is this background of an in flemish tree effect. there is now one more similarity been called the 1900 diabetes is the so called metabolic syndrome. i mean it's well known. the diabetes is associated with metabolic syndrome. but there seems to be quite a lot of cases when the recovery from callback 19, even if it doesn't produce a diabetes, it produces some sort of like long term chronic consequences on some of its sufferers. and i, personally, you are a few people who, after again seemingly having recovered from 1900, died of a heart attack a few months later how much you would know about the long term effect of, of 19 we know just about 0. and this is our concern. i wouldn't call that the metabolic syndrome. this is what we're calling long, kind of,

we don't understand yet. the long term impact on someone who may have had the infection and sort of recovered. they could've affected the heart, the kidneys, lungs, and of course the pancreas. and we do know from the south lip, a demick in china and hong kong, back in 20 to 2030 or something. and the that in fact there were, there were cases of diabetes caused by the corona virus. and in some of the people who got it, they actually the diabetes did disappear afterwards. so at the moment we're very concerned about the long term, a face and need to monitor people been infected already. now when i said metabolic syndrome, i didn't mean a medical name for it, but i think in terms of the mechanics, it's pretty similar because it's a long lasting systemic effect. it affects many systems of the body. and i know

that you before thought that the metabolic syndrome diabetes was one of the greatest threat to human health, but in order for it to be manifested and to become it is news. i'm sorry for saying that people usually don't like to hear that, but it's usually a consequence of people's lifestyles. i mean, it's nice when it comes to type 2 diabetes in order to be for that to be manifest. it usually takes years if, if not decade. the one thing you care about 19 is that similar, degenerative or fax on the body seem to happen in a matter of just moms or even ways. is the correct understanding of how it works. we don't, we have enough information yet on only this aspect we do, we do now and,

and fax these various critical organs, particularly ones. i've got this receptor that i mentioned earlier, wrong. it's quite common in the hot it certainly in the lungs. one of the reasons why so many people get this pneumonia is that the virus gets in probably through this receptor into lung tissue. and i think we're really going to have to follow our coverage. been around just overlook one and a half. he is also an elmer's, and the way we really haven't had the opportunity, we've been concentrating on the situation and the symptoms of intended k units and whatnot. and take quite a long time now over into, in years to work out what is the long term damage now for now, the preferred prevention strategy around the world is vaccination. do you think that's enough? is there anything the people around the world could be doing

a far from lining up for their shots if they decide to take it that's, that's a difficult question. and, and really we're concerned here in australia or even that the vaccination isn't going as well as we would hope to. and i think we have to rely, i'm not an expert on the, on the concept, the more people that are vaccinated, the sooner we'll get on top of this. and i can see, you know, obviously one has to be careful about getting infect and all the things we've been doing for over a year now. but the vaccination is important, and that really worries me, for example, in most even mind patients, when i said you should get back soon as i saw. don't worry, the vaccines got the virus is gone. because, you know, we've had much lower rights. but here today actually we've got cluster,

just assembling here in victoria. was the government getting very concerned? well, even if this particular virus is gone, diabetes is here to stay and they could be maybe more viruses that bill find you know, in the future. absolutely. now, speaking about myself, i'm a big fan of information 5 thing i'll do jogging, especially during the long russian winters. and i find it 1st of all, very affordable. it doesn't actually take any money. it doesn't even much commitment because it's a very gratifying and various active experience in terms of both rate management, maintenance and overall immunity. i haven't had any cold like many, many years. but i gave up on trying to convert people to a house, the lifestyle because everybody or a lot of people, they seem to outdoors, the responsibility for that. how to somebody else, the doctor is, you know,

an attrition as society at large. the parents who didn't seem properly upset, or i wonder how do you persuade people to be more that are 3 to that. with that, how to proceed that help as you know, that treasure that they should keep onto as much as possible rather than being so wasteful with it. again, i didn't pull the point. i've been working more recently in the air of satiety and rhythm. the body clock and the body clock. there isn't enough information to the public or understanding of it. i've been pushing here in australia for actually public health programs about looking after your body and that best sleeping well, eating well, exercising well. avoiding stress plenty of sunlight. liza key elements, you know, it's a healthy lifestyle and not just a matter of what you want to eat or, or don't leave. well,

how much in drink and it's a package. and once we, we have a clock in, in our brian. and then every cell in our body there isn't clock linked to that. and when things like stress or poor nutrition or whatever, come along the whole body gets disturbed. and there is not enough understanding of it by the population and not enough education to make children and young adults and older adults understand why it's important to have a healthy life. well, we have to take a very short break now, but we will touch upon this issue in a few minutes station. ah

i what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy fantasia and let it be an arms race is often very dramatic. developments only personally, i'm going to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful, very critical time time to sit down and talk i don't know it uncle. nice enough to know, but when we get home and i don't gonna don't go down the concern that i've all using 40 almost no, i get the media that i

find the article, but most of it's sort of it. and then we can just took a look at the middle who was nice with those who knew all along on the person in the source for the 2nd to use the me or i welcome back to all the phones in the professor, diabetes menache university in founder and national diabetes institute because even

before cobra, 1900, you talk about diabetes and decency being the biggest academic in human history. and what's interesting about it is hold it in pretty much one, maybe one and a half generation. i know there are many factors contributing to it, but what would you say is the most important, the most influential, why you wouldn't ask that because there are multiple factors and certainly the genetic background is very important. we should talk about these are the you know, nutrition and then course exercise. so you then the key elements. one is important to understand though everyone thinks i did as one stage that it was all genetic and the same with the base to the but we now talk about

a phone called epi genetics. where because people thing you inherit the risk and to live. but even if you didn't have the genetic element, we now see this, what we call epi genetic phenomena. when during the allies, the j, the kemi changes in the gene, not is not actually in the structure of the genes, but in the change, the made up of little motto asked is little you protein units and they link with the chains and whatnot. and it says chains rust a little bit and they can rush because people drink too much or they, they will or in, in a famine, incense people are in plays alive for diabetes. know basically, and had trouble. so there is this concept now that you actually and it's very

important during pregnancy that women don't smoke or don't drink and then came home and then you trish and because they can make changes in the baby's chain. every genetic changes which an adult life leads to type 2 diabetes. now are always good at many factors beyond our control that are influencing our dest addition to this condition, or that condition. and i over my personal experience, the people who are obese, they, they tend to blame the genes, are that parents or having gene being express option degree, no pun intended, here. and he also said that at least 50 percent of all cases ultimately come down to your genetics. aren't you concerned that people may take it as a license of not asking more of themselves?

because sure, you know, you may have a proper load down to your neighbor on this particular issue, but we'll have our talent or abilities just because it's been a little bit more difficult for you personally. doesn't mean i can close that you cannot deal with it as active manner. i probably won't give you the answer. one been very complicated and this whole blaine game people, a blind for being a base and the gold fat. and as a whole, it's a hosting, and i really think there is a, an element here that people need understand. and that, you know, the socio economic is just so many things in certain populations. for example, in the pacific to be big, you know, base is very prestigious. so there are a lot of community concept for example, which actually people stay in the white because in the community,

except i know that i want to be very contrary and here. but when we, when, you know, in the countries that believe you are in a trailer in russia, we can also include the united states, western europe, your conditions are pretty good for the majority of the people. sure. you know, somebody for somebody is richer, but overall there's no famine. for the most part, there's no war stress. yes it does, but it's also manageable. it's not comparable to was people experience, let's say 2 centuries ago when they had to bury pretty much every child that they gave birth to have to work around the flow. so i'm not trying to downplay the influence of the socio economic factors, but i, my concern is that with, with all the possibilities that people, me may actually be asking

a little bit less of their so they can actually produce because at the end of the day, regardless of whom we're blame, if the person who start printing from obesity or from suffering from the diabetes, which is quite literally bearing the consequences to could come back to the aiden story again here. and there are people actually putting on weight during this pandemic. and then they're under stress because a losing their job, a lot of elements and background to a basically. and it's very hard to put it in one package to look at it. of course, you know, the strains are great in the olympic games and get plenty of metals that go to or other sports, etc. but i thought it all very complicated. there is a very important element of self discipline here that you have to be in the situation. you know, the, the economic, the social and other situations where you're able to not have

to katie and system disrupted. i mean, there's a huge amount of money going into mental health now, in this country, i've seen it in the u. k. and i suspect it's happening in russia to deal with all the problems during this pandemic. and magnifies what happens usually. so i think there's a lot more to come out in that in terms of how we behave and how the external forces agnoni body and drive this obesity epidemic. now if i'm asking about this, what aspect of it? because a carbohydrate addiction is it is a major factor in becoming healthy and actually getting enough willpower to do what you want to do with your body with your life. a lot of countries and now considering imposing taxes on sugar,

it's written beverages. do you think that would be enough given the sort of the, the role that carbohydrate sugars play in the industrial chain? again, i think it's a good question. i'm actually, i should get tax isn't going to be the big winner. you have to have the other elements will we know that can cross the border and get things which are being held back through the government listening to industry. and i think you always have to look at the other, the social side, the psychological side, the exercise and center. and then there's so many, you know, some people, we've got a good lifestyle, but there are a lot of people around the world who don't have the same lifestyle. and obesity tends to be much more common in those communities in just possess communities. so

i wish i had the answer and i've been a lot of time in the field and i've been concentrating more on diabetes in a base in terms of my own professional work. because it's such a hard job. now thinking about hard job, one of the things that has puzzled me for quite some time is why there are so many overweight people among doctors and nurses. and then i came across your lecture on how shift work influences a person. so pretty position to both ability and other conditions as well. wouldn't be fair to say that people who are committing themselves to helping others, especially in the around the law setting, as has been the case over the last year or so. they're actually paying with how i this again is another good point. and the front line who health workers actually the ones who are getting very high right infection. thank goodness,

the vaccines and now coming along. but for nearly a year or over a year, they've been working at the forefront and sacrificing potentially their own lives. and i've actually got in a experienced mind family, fortunately by good care of by themselves. they haven't been infected. well, i suppose it's not just that for you to the viruses, but also the way the word day is structure that influences that house outcome. speaking about this or change and arrest from the body clock. do we understand the point, which is the chicken, which is they act? is it the disturbance in lead that makes people on that or is it the disruption? in fact, metabolism does make people lose their sleep. the main point isn't the people who are doing shift work, for example, there that yes,

sleep is very important for your health and accounting to size that now. and then comes back. sure to come back to katie and, but that's part of the deal. but also people in schiffwood often don't have the opportunity to get the right foods as fast food because they have a quick meal. they, unless they get the exercise they should get. so it is dangerous and there is a women study in the united states range of nurses, very high rates of heart disease and stroke as a long term effect. as having been shipped with the fact professor, we have to live there, but i'm very grateful to you for spending some time with us and sharing some of you with them. and i've learned a lot from you to us. thank you very much and thank you for watching hope to hear

again next week on walter part of the in the me the next financial survival guide. stacey, let's learn about be allowed. let's say i'm a try get your great grief on banks of the site. walk 3 prod. thank you for helping ah enjoy. 6 that right away now as

part of this international mega science research project, neither is being built into its goal is to allow the scientists to study matter, as they believe it existed just to the big bang get formed. ah, more flu shane and the order for the delivery or the other one is not $13.00, deal it clear to teach as a country as a montage bomb with some a glove chuck. a place that niga evolution zillow here from gala, that i don't want to even move this. we just put his credit that he has the

the, the, ah, has the telephone. it makes sweeping games in afghanistan. joe biden admits the group is up ball at its strongest in decades. but the us president is still taking american boots off the ground by the end of next month. no mission that the company that we get us got a summer been log in. terrorism is not emanating from that part of serving themes of self harm in belgium, as migrants go to extremes in their fight for asylum, although authorities and 5th that they won't be blackmail and britain grant. the u . s. the right to try again to expedite julian assange. however, one of the whistleblowers, the oldest friends believed washington for.