to do the work for me, one above above me and the begging to go to one because what i've seen and when i was so destructive to this day, i have to, i want to sleep the 1st of our in depth reports into the victims of america's brutal terror war on terror falling in the u. s. withdraw from afghanistan. from one cannibal, he was on beg shares, the horrors he suffered. they had found a woman in the next room that led me to believe with my wife being tortured with the picture of my children in front of the office. where do you think they are now?

what happened to them? like you took your way, we get access to couple airport just days after it was abandoned by western troops, the terminal and equipment shattered and destroyed during the us retreat. all the helicopters and there are a lot of them that were abandoned and was have been caught various various electrical blocks removed. and if you look to buy its way out of another potential migrant crisis with the plan you pay of ghana stands neighbors. hundreds of millions of euros to house and such refugees because you're headlines to get more of those stories online at r t dot com. i will be back in the just under and out of time with another look, with the international

ah, well welcome to so think of visionary michelle chevry not to run through the human body with technology has long seems to be sy fi, but now it's merging computers with the most sophisticated machine of our own, the human brain is a crazy fantasy of some of the things that are not so distant future. well, i asked the world 1st sidebars, professor of cybernetics, that common tree and reading universities, kevin warwick, kevin war, race, professor of cybernetics, and comment tree, or reading universities and the world 1st. cyber kevin, so great to have you with us. so many things have been coming up in the news lately, so the technology of implanting alex roads into the brain cortex is at least 20 years old. and electrodes in the brain have already been used to control electric. and people, yet much nearer link project is presented as a giant leap forward. why?

well, it must be so that's why it's been presented that way, but it is good in some ways. but the moment is just been experimented on with pigs as i understand. so there's no human trials yet. amazing. but on the type of electrodes they're using, not rigid. the electrodes that i had implanted in my nervous system were hard, like, like a hair brush, spikes. and the potential there is that i can break off and cause firing them into the system and be quite dangerous to the 100 spikes in my nervous system. so i think if we're looking at the very, if you can move them around the type of electrodes the they must is talking about,

then that's much better because they can move with the brian or the nervous system . but the issue i have is how do you imply them. ready in a human because with the implant i have just hammer, it's in very quick, very swift, with the type of electrodes must refer to. i can't say how that's possible. so i have big questions yet how it will work as far as humans are concerned, as opposed to just the pigs. so there's been trying, let speculate a bit because if i get it right, the idea of narrowing is to trans transmit. our thoughts directly to the computer without the need of any middleman technology and at a much higher speed, right? how is it supposed to work exactly like will i have to say what i want inside my work computer to deliver on that? what do you make of it? well, to leave, we don't know how well it's going to work. what's been done so far,

more motor signals. so make any movement. and those new oral signals can be sent to a robot on because it to move. so you can move technology remotely, but also in terms of sensory information, you can feed that back into the brain. so it's motor and sensory. that's what's been done so far. but the big advantages, of course, is when you, what you're referring to, the possibility of sending all sorts of brian signal was from the brian to the, not just to a computer, but potentially into another brain or into a machine, an artificial intelligence. right? so the, the whole possibility of communicating by thought back and for the, for me, is tremendously exciting. but we don't rudiments like telegraphic communication from nervous system to nervous system. but i think a long mask is,

for example, is way away from doing an experiment, sending signals from brian to brian, which i think would be one of the big advantages. there's lots of other advantages . here. our brains are flexible and they're constantly changing according to what we do with them. does that imply that a chip implant would have to be upgraded and updated all the time just as well? like i don't mobile applications? i don't think so. i think what we're looking at raw chip implant, it's a bit like a port. i don't know if people are aware of the film, the matrix yet. arrange either a load of sockets in the back of his head into brian. it's a bit by opening up the force into the so that your then able to send brian signals by the connection down to wherever and signal is back into the brain. so the chip itself is not really doing anything in the brain. so i don't think you

need to upgrade the technology, but the beautiful thing is that the human brain cells. what, what i do, what brian. so these really communicate either from brian cell to brian cell or from the outside world, into the brian and so on. and brain, so i was like to communicate and i, i really feel here that once you get the port in the brain, the brain cells will adapt, that they are flexible. they can make new connections even when you're older they, they still make new connections. and hence, i think they will accept an implant quite readily, no problems about the materials. that's not an issue, but they will accept what it can do. and when the brain cells can communicate in a whole new way, they will go for it. the brain cells will yeah, we want to do this effectively. and so we will have quite a switch is not just the case of putting the implant in and it will do what it can do. i think over a period of time the,

your brian will adapt to the new possibilities. well, i know you get excited about the prospect of communicating with each other without words in the future with the help of alex roads in planet and our neural system. but i'm thinking like the beauty of a star is sometimes in fact that it's private when they want to choose not to broadcast it, i just shut up a. so if we all communicate by start some day, right, what happens if we don't one similar assaults to be transmitted? well i, i have to disagree with you there because i think with technology, what we've seen, what we've actually seen with facebook and also it's a different may twitter and so on. is that when humans can communicate in a whole new way, they really go for it. that's what's whether you're a child, whether you're an adult, you can communicate in a new way that is exciting for you because that's what your brain. so want to do is

not that you're going against what your body is, what your brain, so want to do. and so the privilege is not an issue. we don't worry about credit odds and having information on us all the time. and by could companies and shops because the advantages we get by being able to do that to use the technology and with communication, we don't worry too much, it's all about the privacy issues. if we go on social media because of the advantages we get in the new ability to communicate. and so i think that is going to be the critical factor. we will want to do it. we will want to communicate directly brian, to brian, even though it opens up possibilities of people literally hacking into our brains binding what some of our inner most thoughts are in the interest essentially between the, the human brain and technology. that's the problem. and once we integrate the too

much more, i believe, maybe we won't worry about our inner most thoughts because we are gaining so much all we build up a new way of operating that we have, you know, most thoughts because your brain is not just one organ it's a lot of different organs, effectively that do different things. and so maybe within part of your brain you can have this or yes, this person is silly or i don't like them, whatever. but you don't want them to know that and to be in communicating even brian to brian. you are able to filter that, but at the moment we don't know because we simply can't. so i think that's not so i don't do it because of the loss of privacy. we need to do the experiments now to find out. and if there are issues that you're saying, then maybe we pull back from it a bit. but i, i suspect that won't be those issues, but okay, it's one thing to implant. alex tried to reach signals saying one or 2 brain

regions. but our thoughts are the product of billions of neural connections. how can electronic device connect itself to every single neuron? i mean, tasks symbols improbable. i don't, i don't think we're connecting to everything on your own. that's not the idea at all. even with a lot must a lot must be talking or perhaps thousands of connections all i had so fi and the experiments i've done is a 100 inaction and, but when you are communicating now, you don't use all of your brain cells to communicate. use a small, relatively small number of them. so i think it is this, this port. you're still looking maybe 1000. maybe it might be millions or connections in the n. a relative to the 100000000000 neurons that you've got. it's still a relatively small number. so don't think you're looking at each, brian's cell to an electro. that's not what we're looking to do by any means. but

a small number my number is fairly large because it opens up lots of possibilities . but there are questions as to which neurons in the brain. do you just connect the mode to neural is that you connect the, the sensory neurons and so on. all the, you spread it around much more. so where the electro position is something we will need to learn over time with, which is the best positions and so on. karen, we're going to take a short break right now when we're back. we'll continue talking about what's going to happen when, when merged technology with our brain, talking to kevin warwick, professor of cybernetics of commentary and reading universities and the 1st cyberg ever stay with us.

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we're back with kevin wor, rick, professor of cybernetics. common korean reading university also the world's 1st cyberg. we're talking about what's going to happen to us when technology and brain merge. kevin, you said one of your entries that we humans are pretty limited in what we can do particularly mentally. and we just have a bunch of brain cell isn't surprising because it seems to me that especially mentally, we still don't know our limits. i mean, we keep on studying our brains and keep on being amazing how complex and powerful they are. why do you feel that humans are limited? we have a finite number of brain cells and certainly i agree with you that we could do more with the brian cells we've got. and maybe this link will allow us to learn what the possibilities are. but at the same time, we can see when you look at computer technology, particularly artificial intelligence, some of the things that it can do just the speed and complexity of the way. can my

calculations, communication community better computer computer communication is much better than human communication. so it does a lot of things better than we do. so the possibility, not just being restricted with the brains, we've got with the finite number of brain. so many has a lot of advantages, not just because of the communication, but because of the, the addition. and it's thinking in terms of not communicating, not sending just signals as we do now. but in terms of the emotions failing ideas, concepts, the whole thing, the whole gamut was going clean our brains, we have the possibility of communicating in a much better way. so linking just to brian's together, we can try and sort of transfer ideas from person to person. i would believe in a much better way. in math claims marilyn has

a huge therapeutic potential being able one day to help paralysis, alzheimer parkinson's disease can ural, influence, bring back the actual ability to here to see what i think the reputed side of things is with one of the things that will drive it forward yes, already. parkinson, the plots and depression and so on, but a lot of other neurological problems gets the frame. yeah, i think is one of those things at the moment, not been tackled electrically. as we have to remember, the brain is electro chemical, electrical, probably chemical. whereas most medicine is chemical and all sorts of side effects. if you have a headache, you take springs and it has side effects and it probably still doesn't. so the headaches that you've got, whereas we could potentially tackle things like that electrically. so there's all

sorts of sarah puking possibilities to it. i think when we look to the future in maybe some of the things that we do at the moment, particularly in terms of communication, we won't do in the future, we will move on. we will evolve with the technology. and so this way of communicating well don't out because we don't need to communicate that way when we think to each other ways to communicate in a much richer form, a much, much better way. and we will find it quite, hopefully the, those that evolve from us will look back in psycho, how did they communicate in such a limited wife all those years. back in 2020 you know there's an example of a colorblind man having an antenna that lets him sense the colors. so i read you talk about things that lead one feel ultrasound or are getting for read vision.

what else is the real possibility for you in terms of upgrade for humans? what can you see is an actual doable thing in the near future versus theoretical possibilities? one of the things i say is how we understand the world around us. we tend to, to human brian operates in 3 dimensions. we look at space and architecture and saw as a 3 engine thing, which is go space is not 3 dimensional space in space. and you can put as many dimensions as on to the understanding of it, which of course, with machine technology was artificial intelligence and machines can understand the world around us in hundreds, thousands of dimensions which is much more complex. and i really fail realistic talk. it is in the years ahead, we will understand the universe in many more dimensions that we do at the moment,

and that i hope will change space. travel, for example, is the moment because we think in 3 dimensions. so it takes us a long time just to get to the moon, which is almost nowhere in the universe. we want to go to mars. we though, it's just going to take several years to get that because we're thinking in 3 dimensions. when we start to sing, there's joint human machining of thinking in terms of dimensions or 30 dimensions. now we can, we can, we can just dip that through other dimension. so i, i sincerely hope that is going to be a possibility. i don't like to think of us just being stuck in this one part of the universe or can technology actually improve my brain function? mentally. theoretically, i mean, can i implanted cheap and was finally able to learn language, solve complex math problems, or be able to play by flawlessly,

without 20 years of practice and experience. that good question is what we're going to find out about things. i would love to do and i'm not very good learning musical instruments. i absolutely terrible on languages. my wife is jack and i still, i'm not very good on running the checked language. so if there was some help on that, how it's going to job. but i mean with things will change with languages. i don't know that we will need languages where we're going. i sincerely hope that when we can communicate just by thinking to each other because a lot of things we, we think about us sitting in a chair, i'm sitting in a chair. we can think of those things and the ideas of those things. but then we use languages to describe it to someone else. if we're not using speech,

potentially we don't need language. those things will change dramatically. i know philosophers, are we thinking language i, i honestly don't believe we do think specifically in some language construct. i think we both languages on it, but it's something that will change dramatically and i may be abilities. motor ability is the ability to play golf and song which again, i'm not particularly good. but if, if i can down load and i think that's got to be some short term possibility. download a number of movements into my body, which will cause me to play golf a little bit better. i probably still won't be as good as the professional gulf is are, but i can see why those particular type of movements in a, in a sort of robotic way, be done loaded into my brain. so i perform some set of actions, but my body is not a professional. gulf is body, so still probably wouldn't be as good,

but it would be a lot better than i was before. so if the brain in the more distant future will be connected to a network, the a chief of some kind, and that network will be run by artificial intelligence. therefore, artificial intelligence will be able to map all processes that go on inside a brain if it will, if it will know and be able to sort of luck, okay, the process inside a brain will it lead to theoretically having consciousness? what i want to say is could the desire to enhance humans lead to a very enhanced artificial intelligence instead? yes, a good bad my, my worry is if we don't do this, then that could be dangerous. in our we could have artificial intelligence in a, with a form of consciousness. the potentially very different, the human consciousness. this is what alan turing said. many machines,

why can't they be conscious? well, they can be, but it's probably different human punches. but when we look at something that is an amalgamation, then i, i would be quite happy. i would love to have a mix form of consciousness, not just the human type that we've got, but also a machine element to that consciousness because it would give me all sorts of abilities and abilities to think in a much deeper way. so i think there are lots of advantages to it, but there are also potential dangers that you're alluding to and not something we're going to have to be very careful, very wary off. anyway, i think where the artificial intelligence is separate to humans, particularly in the military to my and how much are we going to allow it to do the financial sector and so on. and without humans being in control of what's going on, as opposed to this mixed on. and we linked human brains with machine brains. and the possibility of having this hans mixed consciousness part i part human.

so you point out the close connection between technology and the human brain will affect the issue of autonomy of human beings. and our last point, great was our brains are connected to computers. will these be the end of us as will the autonomy as beings? because i mean machines will be able to make us think certain things and modify our behaviors accordingly. i think you're quite right. i mean, even now we really autonomous beings the possibility of living just yourself, one person in the world that we live in now. is it sick straight? maybe some people i don't think i could. i'm not sure that my body would take the different foods that i have to wait. whether i would be able to survive in a world where i was the only person effectively. so i think we need our network,

we need other people. we need technology now to live in the world wherein, and this is just taking it that bit further in terms of understanding what is going on in the human brain. i think with repute tick methods. now one of the projects i'm working on for parkinson disease with electrodes in the brain to teach the brian how to behave in a way that overcomes the problems of parkinson disease with those electrodes. and using what we did, we learn how the different brian parts of the brain are behaving, particularly those that are affected parkinson disease. so it's modeling the brian in an artificial intelligence system and you can get, for example, $11.00 pop before the, the typical tremors are associated with parkinson disease before they start the artificial intelligence system to know several seconds ahead that they are to stop

. so the person themselves doesn't know they're going to have the trauma starting with the computer does. so i think we can get advantage of understanding the human brain much more through computer technology, which we can use for therapy, which helped people that's got to be a good thing. but also we can enhance the way we're thinking, you know, the computer to knows what we got to think before. we think if you all know a hierarchy voice, and opinion that augmenting yourself with tac will be a thing of rich people mostly. and i mean, of course, like in the beginning, like it was with the automobiles or cell phones, it certainly will be, but this time we're not talking cell phones, we're talking evolutionary level change will a whole layer of people be excluded from having new abilities? will the to, to like, could split humanity into 2 tires and wealthy enough to be cyborgs and the rest but like the common folks. well, i mean, i would love to be, oh yeah,

now everything's going to be all right. but if we look realistically with technology, as you've said, with cell phones with automobiles, some people have them, some people have more of them and some people don't have any of them at all. i think what that does is it stretches society in terms of societies abilities, so those with the technology can communicating all sorts of ways and then interact and can benefit from it. and those without any of the society really have very limited capabilities in comparison sort of stretching society a bit like an elastic bands. i think this will do is further stretch it. so yes, those are the money, those, the one to experimental bit get in that 1st will have abilities and those that don't have implants in there. brian will not have anything like those abilities, but the key thing is i think it was stretch it a bit like an elastic band,

but most likely that bond is going to break. so that we end up with those that having plants that will connect can communicate just by thinking to each other and so on. we'll have the ability to why be on those done so? i think he could easily create it, stretch the bound. so we just split, evolve into those with implants and those without. all right, kevin, it's been such a pleasure talking to you. good luck with everything. we're talking to kevin war, rick, professor of cybernetics. that commentary and reading universities on the world's for a sideboard. ah ah oh the the

the families that mark mark your function you go was like well that's good to know. now how do you all done on the how did i got that limit and i wanted them to be skilled back to.