[000:00:00;00] a he's in no way say the po and around page that code 5 in cause god appears to be a terrorist at time finding that the suspect had converted to islam and was previously flanked over signs of radicalization with speed reported killed and dozens wounded in buried of the gunman open fire at approach has to over the investigation into last. he has deadly port explosion. also down do they do down there. they've done. and australian police bear the bronze of public anger at government tactics to watch over anti locked down. apps

of the type of functions have driven a wedge as a society that i think u. s. vice president's attempt to interact with children to breathe. her image backfires in a nice, severe as it revealed it all the time is staged as to headlines for you and i'll say international up next states our documentary. hello and welcome to so if you go visionaries, me sophia shevardnadze. technology is promising to stave off old age, and scientists are working very hard to increase the sustainability of our organs, including the most vital one our heart. what has change? what is real and what's not?

well, i talk to day to world renowned heart surgeon dr. leo buccheri a yan thanks. yup doctor no more katie, i'm so happy to see you and we haven't seen each other for such a long time. and so much has happened since i think i just like to discuss all the changes that have happened in the past. 10 years, including in your field of expertise, the sedition of historian mother to so yeah, i just can't seem to solve this puzzle question. good medical science and technology have advanced and methods of diagnoses are getting better of beauty. medication is more effective and targeted to day bullet. that gets you and still you say that hurt diseases. are the prego to 21st century. while american say that i 2030 the mortality rate will reach 23000000 people. what did you mean? i don't really understand how that's possible. yeah, huge for the market was, wasn't that this point to medical science and pharmacology just can't keep up is,

is we're talking about the entire world is c v s. and there are developed countries that have managed to significantly reduce the risks here. we took muscle, gerda, in for, in russia, people say myocardial infarction nor occurs in younger people because it's the opposite. you close to the average age has even risen a little more. let me give you some figures that make me happy in your new york, even though it's not about our country, but was learning. i'm part of the dartmouth dialog, willa. you know, the format that started back in eisenhower time who had, when relations between our leaders was strained as you then you guinea, prima cough. and henry kissinger revived her teacher was so there was this figure that she had the great 137000 people in the us that are over 100 years old sergeant. could i 2040 she. that number is expected to reach almost 400000 who just took the wow. it the good that. what does that tell us through that?

there are very many people who are now 9095 or 85 years old man. the state of the hills indicates a good chance that many of them will live to be a 100 or more. it is changing the social structure. to day we perform a lot of open heart surgeries in russia with us the renewable issues on patients aged between 75 and 80 bar new. got to put that in perspective. just 20 years ago. we wouldn't operate on a 50 year old patient, isn't it? the glass with regard to your question about technological advances, you know, it's magazine was we hadn't seen each other for 10 years and an alarm has change in medicine and technology. i have one compiled list of things i want to go through with you maybe item by item. you've mentioned some of the things that sound like raisins fiction, some not and it will be great to hear your professional opinion. and my son plays, for instance, in 2016 the united states. so the 1st surgery performed entirely using

a surgical robot. and the me to the advantages are clear. roberts, on have shaky hands can do precision work and use finer tools, making the smallest incision. so yes, but the surgeon is still directing the entire procedure. moving. i've been thinking since will leave and a time of rapid change and technological breakthroughs is it possible that one day all surgeries will the robot assistant and that is when was the issue lose originally? were the idea was to use robots warmer as assistance to medical professionals. it's a little slow after work doing under challenging conditions from schools in a variety of emergency situations. like though it was net sheet on submarines to aircraft in the mountains delivers the wood. that's what robots were created for. with this as though alice that when robots started trending wassner, they started to develop them further. okay. giving them 3 arms or 4 arms and so on to her. but like the da vinci jekyll system would, ah, no,

some of dooley chill out people have always strived for, and hans surgical precision deal using magnifying lenses and microscopes. we cheated an image. it's important because there are surgeries, especially in pediatrics, where you can make a patient and permanently disabled if you miss a cut by a millimeter. or you can give a patient a heart attack by puncturing a tiny vessel with a stitch seal so, so i can speak about that because i have experience all of it as a surgeon or the but the also robot assisted surgery is extremely costly in all respects. will it the robots are expensive, which in burg and operating them is also expensive. in, in the united states which has the highest number of robot assisted surgeries or more people are refusing robotic surgeries for many reasons, which i won't go into yours. lithium in the patients are refusing yet because i mean both patients and surgeons there's a lot of talk about the so called g 5 revelation and they say that it will galas

high performers connections never seen before. so that can be sailing genius, surgeon, dr. mccary i would be able to operate on patients virtually anywhere in the world without even leaving the office slowly. but you meet with them with the media? yes, that's exactly what i said is nature live. that was the original idea behind robotic surgery. the work to have said the da vinci surgical system in every city and town up so that one surgeon would be able to help an operating surgeon on site one. the surgeon would 1st open the patients chest and put the patient on a bypass in the order to get those. and when that's done, we could all the surgeon working from another city, say moscow one could take over and perform the procedures using robotic hands forums. but let's say you are performing a coronary artery bypass surgery. done, premier procedure performed most often. it gave you the surgical thread we use in

such proceed. this is either 8 to 0 or 9 to 0. you groom it though, it's almost invisible. impossible and a surgeon's tactile perception borrower. euclid as well as his or her eyesight helps a lot. ugh, because you need to make sure you don't break the thread while placing the switches when you've been robotic hands. can't do that. not now sweet and i believe not ever programs. you can write software for the machine, but you cannot give a human tactile perception humor as it allows you to tie 7 to 8 knots to secure your suture warriors are pretty low. so when we talk about robotic surgery, yes, it is justified in some cases that say, but i can guarantee you 100 percent. that robotic technologies will never take over surgery from cardiac surgery, in particular, me has wherever black tactile percept? no, that's just one of the reasons you see cardiac surgery requires the participation of a whole team of professionals when you use every surgery with cardiac bypass is performed by a surgical tame and way perform say,

150000 such surgeries every year. you still to do that, you need to have all these people properly trained or east of a robot did d. and even out of them only the most experienced can be put in charge of robot assisted or minimally invasive techniques. you otherwise the risk fatalities and other misfortunes unless they so you don't believe that full robotic surgery without human involvement will ever be possible motion. i'm no, absolutely not. almost a robot can break a leg or a hand so blurred, but you can't imagine a robot and was putting some, either in on the wound or scrubbing hands before surgery. can you be a rule at creek or putting all these sterilized robes on the, examining the scope of work as to what the shares had enough? and i think i understand another innovation. i want to ask you. that is something i'm fine, almost unbelievable. she n, these are the so called nana roberts. yeah. how real is that? i mean, if i understand correctly,

we're talking about what will molecule size rather that can enter blood vessels. and even the smallest ones are where they can repair tissues or destroy pathogens on command and so on back how real is that monkey run is it is what happens to this tiny bad when it's done with whatever it's doing. how does it get out to whites? is it clean? i'll explain you as soon as any foreign object or agent and as a human body, it gets literally covered with all types of tissues. him it's because that's how our system protects itself from intruders. so if we consider this idea, the way you just told me, i find it very unlikely that any robot could just move about freely inside a human body. it sounds very much like all those people recommending you use herbal medicine only. not old. she's garlic herbs, about cameron hill, and so on. would the so would you let me tell you how it works. would you look at them? would be in every pill. there are active agents that are carried by the bloodstream

. the horn, you put that to the area where they are needed back on the pre, when it gets there with the blood war. it's the only way she by now, thanks to the mechanism of the blood pressure gradient around the hole. they can reach the infected or otherwise affected area damage and do their job with time with old. however, unless when people decide they want a herbal remedy or buses of quench and cut that chile could contain next a 0 quantities of such useful agents as, while also increasing the load on the stomach causing the liver and so on. so by analogy, if we talk about these nano robots use the war even if the bloodstream takes them to the affected area. well, that's just half of the problem on the other half is that these robots need to be designed in such a way radius of that. they wouldn't form a clot studios. it's very serious. i can give you lots of examples on this topic. guy. okay, let's talk about the artificial heart. it's also something that's brought up

a lot them would you say something like a pacemaker? no, it's not. i can tell you what it is. well, it's a, you know, the 1st thing at styles what happens if it breaks it smoother. he artificial heart is something very different. it's not, it's basically a pump that performs the functions of a human heart fully or partially don't about child personally installed a large number and variety of these pumps. would i believe this technology has a promising future? no. the corporate to give you an example. you half a 1000000 people in the united states are in a heart failure risk groups that mentioned we won't find that many transplants for one last series at the period. secondly, that of, nor gives you, not all of them can have a transplant because of their age noise. and thirdly, that it's very expensive and not covered by regular insurance at the my lucent analysis. whereas him, so the left ventricle,

he gets only half of the $3.00 or 4 liters of blood that it has to pump out per minute machine dress bolivian, you need to recruit. meanwhile, e on operation you with this lesson strain what it starts functioning better and can even regenerate, to some extent began at the old in what sicily it's the left ventricle that's responsible for our arterial pressure at this point. unfortunately, it turns out that hate exchange is still an issue. she's grab some of your bill now . what does this mean? the temperature of blood is 36.6 degrees celsius. it's warm low and the device is placed right next to the lung, which is hot. so it gets closet. so the yeah, i think that together. so all of us, your developers and doctors, which you are assume we will figure it out, eat that, and then people will certainly be able to live very long lives. well, shit, which is a very small surgery. we put one cannula in the left atrium,

virus mall incision and attach another cannula, to say, an artery, and that's it. so i'm definitely all for us. okay, why don't we yeah. of salut, zach i was stump you described. does it recharge on its own? does it mean that is charging when you look up at near all moves in moon? yes, it needs charging lead for now. unfortunately, the device is powered by a battery of mich demille centers to shoe. but the chargers external, it is very light and so on. we're still catherine the who is so veneer on renewed his role is to what i what is impossible. in theory that is artificial heart would recharge simply through movement which you know like a good mechanical swish watch. it doesn't need a battery. does it something like that i can answer them, and as you do, there's a professor called olga book area who created an epa cardio electronic camera pacemaker credit trim. now how does that work to them? we stay when we implant pacemakers that get the we now have tens of thousands of

people going about their lives with pacemakers was a little, there's always a small chance of electrode thrombosis or infection. you did coastal, in addition, the electrodes go through the tri cost, but valve and can to an extent with, depending on its exact position. it can prevent the tri, cosper dow, from closing all the way lay because kept. so she got a grant from the ministry of education and science and created an epa cardio electrode that can be put directly on the heart through thorough accost, copy richness, which involves a very small incision. the device is 18 millimeters in diameter and it works just as well is now now they're finishing with their 2nd grad research. and initially the pacemaker has a battery, of course, a tiny one. but now they're finishing up with their research aimed at using the energy of the hot contractions to recharge it. if they put that there, take a short break right now. when we're back, we'll continue talking to a world renowned heart surgeon,

located stay with us. when europe is mentioned to what do you think a place an idea, a common place with diverging ideas? maybe you think of the european union think what you wish, but europe is in crisis. it must choose between being in ideological construct or a place with real people. and real me with these people learn from their own experience, how vulnerable a business is to the bank. so he pushed my business over, the age, pushes me right to the edge, bankruptcy. now i realize we were good. this isn't just the back that may be

involved in this is the concept. see firms. it is the lawyers. these people have got you want other stories at a walk kind of whistle blower. tell people's marriages have broken up. it lost their family homes. it is spectacularly devastating for people's lives. they have committed suicide, but left behind norwich. they explicitly state that it was the constant intimidation and billing by buying coffee sauce that led them to i took the spear, it's obscene, these people up nor saw. and

we're backwards world renowned heart surgeon, dr. low bulgaria, talking about what's real in terms of heart replacement and heart surgery these days. and what's a fantasy doctrine located in the white people you said the earth and heart donors for everyone. apart from artificial human hearts, there's a lot of talk about transplanting when pigs hearts into used to as an alternative. i mean, i should, as far as i know in china they already grow the genetically modified picks that she, i don't know those peaks hard as suitable replacement. let you heart, gee, in 1964. the 3 years before doctor christian barnard performed the 1st human to human heart transplant you or american surgeon, doctor hardy young. transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into a dying patient, a bottle at 1st, everything was going fine. oh, it's in about 24 hours. the heart gave out what it is. so you see of course,

there are inter species differences meets but a heart is essentially a pump. but each year, what did i need to understand that if a person weighs 80 killers and has this little heart with the poor and it will start wearing out unless the weight is dropped to 60 kilos? well, in the day before yesterday we had a surgery and we were looking for a heart donor patient number to see when we learned there was a donor cover, we choose a patient about the same size. so all that talk about transplantation remains on paper, at least for now water of e. that's why i focused mainly on artificial hearts ported human fringe. this should crash up i sure yes is throwing up at people also talking about treated printers, which allegedly can work miracles just a few weeks ago as to when i read about a neighborhood in mexico. that was entirely 3 d printing. and in israel, they print a heart with human tissue. oh, a tiny hard for sure, but still it's a hard thing. is it possible that a patient one have to wait for a donor heart or an animal transplant me?

we'll just have a 3 d printer at your hospital and print hearts was community, both of them being what am i supposed to make a living hard from? they say it can be made from living tissue, but i don't really know what that means in front us. is it fixture? i don't know, they are radically possible. hewlett. however, having spent all my life working in the field of cardiovascular surgery, i can say that this would be the end for my field. if they manage to do that, there'll be nothing else left to learn. what is to your shows known, we're still treating them, not as it for now. like i said, jen, and we shouldn't take it serious them. i cracked. let's be real with every day. when we say real people who are ill, june wittenberg in her g. lots of them, so you've just everything that there is to try. we've tried all of it for over one and things that have been proven to work have become standard procedure. unfortunately, there's nothing better than a donor hard. in 2016 ad team of researchers in united states successfully grew

heart tissue from stan south. here. is that possible? where was one? which one did he look right now? made sure that your inside the building that has seen more stem cell research than any other place in the world who in swallowing clip a mess should some 20 years ago. moses with the americans came here with their stem cells, which could be implanted in any one, a human or a dog which, but that's how pure they were. she said, yes, it was. so i got all the necessary permissions, cooking and implanted those stem cells and several patients with coronary artery disease. what that bullet jewish 31 of them died a couple of years after that where it got done, we examined the body and saw that those cells took very well. you know, i knew though, over i didn't fully assimilate. i'd formed a strip of sauce you, cookie mormonism the cell simply didn't connect to the cardiac muscle, but soon then, you go there later,

i discussed this case with my colleagues and everyone agreed with my conclusion, including those who brought those cells. zip. magically. these cells have no nerves and no blood supply. you could always sna virginia. why? that's why we now use a mixture of cells to ensure innovation, just the police. do a pretty good news is that though some children are born with one artery, i mean they have to you, you got to read, but one of them stems from the pulmonary artery, d a taurus lanyard. this is the america, not an american not, not hold. you to this artery carries venus blood. i'm the one that's blue, senior white as a result of that child may develop extensive myocardial infarction at the age of only 4 months. from richland was hand. we have to do the same kind of surgery as we do with people of any other age. are you my zillow? i knew that the problem is that there is very little cardiac tissue to work with.

well that's why i wanted to try stem cells and the results that we got were very impressive excursions since then. the way surgeries are done on such children have changed drastically. it has improved to wouldn't to day. we don't use themselves for that. but we did experiment with them in the past started shoot addie when it comes to children. you're fine. yeah. i know how it happens as to which their bodies are growing when you will. they are very responsive to all kinds of interventions and adapt easily. what does the perilous look on amazon condemned as for adults wellness stem cells work differently and you have to be extremely cautious. you know, the recurring eckworth new to get that said like to ask you about gadgets. all these devices, small watches, phones, et cetera, with the food they can now count your steps in more inter your heart rate. and before it was saying, also as again, if you could just recently an elderly lady in new york on a smart watch as a present from her grandchildren in the, at that it actually helped her avoid

a heart attack by analyzing her condition that you can find i thought to myself, bestows can't be real. i mean, you no longer need to go for a checkup. you can self diagnose at home and then go to a doctor for treatment. if need it was, is that so that's a alicia. so dr. nguyen, this really is a breakthrough because it can have a massive impact. um, unless we can buy a blood pressure monitor and check your blood pressure twice a day for it to see whether there are any spikes already in there with them to as a genius, maria is the was used for doing with over in those to were but i and that may help you with adjusting the dosage of a particular drug or last book school can, will, so that you would take as much as you really need was not as much as he prescribed . we're doing it so on devices like the one you mentioned have revolutionized our lives. oh no, i'm all for them. it. but almost here's what i can tell you just to my close friends, son designed

a device that can measure and record your hearts activity. not for one day, little cocora, but for a week graduate in a suit. you are need you. oh lord doug. it's like a whole to monitor now, so you know, did you can wear it for one day for 3 days or for a week? we're in this case, it's on a watch or chill out of your pocket or gadgets like these allow people who are worried about their health to take action smarter, utah. so that's how i say this idea. i don't think that everyone should be wearing these devices niche in the, at near and you see your heart rate go up. you can alarmed that raises your heart rate even further and so on, you know, but holding. so it's a huge step forward with these devices. and now lots of companies are working on smart watches or similar devices to monitor use his health. it's a good thing or st. louis, talk during the kitten early it which hers louis basil. again the engine in their genetic engineering. i mean, i don't know how you'd react to that in more than a week. there now saying that ye can identify

a heart disease related gene that was passed to a child and replace it so that a child won't suffer from any heart problems. and a teacher belizean bretzkey that there's no practical implementation yet, you know which and we'll go to that. of course, there is a lot of research and we will committed. so, but because you won't find a solution if you don't look for what nor, or in, but i don't think it's that easy. what bureau to be able to diagnose it so that the lab has to have the necessary time tested equipment rejected, and qualified specialists are to see about ordering and reporting. re, doctors have to know about it. so they could refer their patients, their so called torrie to horace, was in there will be patiently waiting for it. rach snyder with trouble. now prior to the would, would use that kid really were yet, i just had an in friends to reduce the number of children born with down syndrome, te alma 0 because they can determinate advance was that and so i thought maybe it was possible for the heart disease as well,

which is good to return. here's what i have to say on the subject. lead about 15 or maybe 20 years ago. c, u. k. wanted to forbid births of children with hyper plastic left heart syndrome be due on regardless of the gestational age. you and french doctors actively supported them. marijuana so okay. but um, well, we didn't have any effective methods of treating it back then. it was here said the you said you handled the chic or are what is hyper plastic. let heart syndrome, yet there are no, it means the heart only has the right ventricle while the left one is virtually non existent. and there is no material valve, no iota is just lonely, 2 millimeters long. so ideally the child would have to undergo 3 operations in its 1st year of life, gone. that course with 3 operations. adverse outcomes are quite common. shades east

them together with the americans. we convinced them not to proceed with this ban or women giving birth to children like that. when they for me, the best argument was the mothers whose children with a chill, a chest grew up ross. there was a book, i've read it twice. i think it was just incredible you as these children are very attached to their parents because the parents don't normally would. so they probably main these children now and the french probably managed to push this lord and make it mandatory for a woman pregnant with a child who has h. l. a chest to get an induced abortion you? it's. and what would this that would wait? the more my remember it very well because i was strongly against what are you k colleagues were doing at this time. all right, you're those to deal with, marcia. they later congratulated me on winning this battle. he for too many me up was that are released him some over b, pursue all grandma, thank you so much for his educational and really insightful talk and i've learned

so many new things based heroes. now, please take care of yourself and with you, we have nothing to fear. dad, thanks a lot. again, everyone's happy to hear it. thank you very much. my. ah ah, join me every thursday on the alex simon. sure. and i'll be speaking to guess in the world of politics, sport, business, i'm sure business. i'll see you then i can talk about master a few years, all the money printing and now investment leads to countries and economies just

completely shutting down. that's what we're saying. you'll come to the internet retail p o c was k, p and g. they were brought in within 24 hours of me raising issues about occurrence with the bank and i b s. forced to keep empties or forensic accounting team upon the business. then the point that keep pm g as corporate finance advisors, then their point to key pmg is time to run specialist. and then 4 months later, when the business had gone up for sale, the appointed key pmg on the other side of this as the court appointed

administrators. so our key pm g orchestrated this, executed it for our