countries that have managed to significantly reduce the risks here we took must go at it in for, in russia. people say myocardial infarction nor occurs in younger people because it's the opposite. you're close to the average age has even risen a little more. let me give you some figures that make me happy in new york, even though it's not about our country, was nearly, i'm part of the dartmouth dialog, willa. you know, the format that started back in eisenhower as time with you when relations between our leaders was strained as you then you guinea prim a cough and henry kissinger revived at your war. so there was this figure, oh no ship a good 137000 people in the us that are over 100 years old. certainly. could i 2040 she. that number is expected to reach almost 400000. you said, wow. if the good, what does that tell us? sure, that there are very many people who are now 9095 or 85 years old man. the

state of the hills indicates a good chance that many of them will live to be a 100 or more. it is changing the social structure to day. we perform a lot of open heart surgeries in russia with us. the renewable issues on patients aged between 75 and 80 bar new. got to put that in perspective just 20 years ago. we wouldn't operate on a 50 year old patient, isn't it the glass with regard to your question about technological advances? you know, it's matters and was we hadn't seen each other for 10 years and an alarm has change in medicine and technology. i have one compiled list of things i want to go through with you me. item by item. you've mentioned some of the things sound like raisins fiction, some not and it will be great to hear your professional opinion. and my son plays, for instance, in 2016 the united states. so the 1st surgery performed entirely using a surgical robot. and the me to the advantages are clear. roberts, on have shaky hands can do precision work and use finer tools,

making the smallest incision. so yes, but the surgeon is still directing the entire procedure. moving i've been thinking since will leave in a time of rapid change and technological breakthroughs. is it possible that one day all surgeries will the robot assisted? that is, when was the issue lose you originally were? the idea was to use robots warmers as assistance to medical professionals who will soil after work doing under challenging conditions from schools in a variety of emergency situations. like though it was net sheet on submarines aircraft in the mountains delivers the wood. that's what robots were created for. with this, as though alice that when robots started trending wassner, they started to develop them further. okay. giving them 3 arms or 4 arms and so on . to her, but like the da vinci jekyll system would, ah, no, some of dooley chill out. people have always strived for and hands, surgical precision deal using magnifying lenses and microscopes. we cheated an

image. it's important because there are surgeries, especially in pediatrics, where you can make a patient and permanently disabled if you miss a cut by a millimeter. or you can give a patient a heart attack by puncturing a tiny vessel with a stitch seal. so soon i can speak about that because i have experience all of it as a surgeon or the but the also robot assisted surgery is extremely costly in all respects . will it? the robots are expensive, which in barrel and operating them is also expensive in yeah, in the united states which has the highest number of robot assisted surgeries or more people are refusing robotic surgeries for many reasons, which i won't go into years with him in the patients are refusing yet because i mean both patients and surgeons there's a lot of talk about the so called g 5 revelation and they say that it will galas high performers connections never seen before. so that can you sailing genius surgeon,

dr. mccary i would be able to operate on patients virtually anywhere in the world without even leaving the office slowly. but to me, putting up with the media. yes, that's exactly what i said is nature live. that was the original idea behind robotic surgery. the work to have said the da vinci surgical system in every city and town up so that one surgeon would be able to help an operating surgeon on site one. the surgeon would 1st open the patients chest and put the patient on a bypass in the hour to get those. and when that's done, we could all the surgeon working from another city, say moscow one could take over and perform the procedures using robotic hands forums. but let's say you are performing a coronary artery bypass surgery. done, premier procedure performed most often. it give you the surgical thread we use in such proceed is, is either 8 to 0 or 9 to 0. you groom it, though, it's almost invisible, impossible, and a surgeon's tactile perception borrower,

you could, as well as his or her eyesight helps a lot. ugh, because you need to make sure you don't break the thread while placing the switches you when you, when robotic hands can't do that. not now sweet and i believe not ever programs. you can write software for the machine, but you cannot give a human tactile perception humor as it allows you to tie 7 to 8 knots to secure your suture. more years are pretty low. so when we talk about robotic surgery, yes, it is justified. in some cases that say, but i can guarantee you 100 percent, that robotic technologies will never take over surgery from cardiac surgery. in particular, me has wherever black tactile percept? no, that's just one of the reasons you see cardiac surgery requires the participation of a whole team of professionals renew. yes, every surgery with cardiac bypass is performed by a surgical tame and way perform say, $150000.00 such surgeries every year. you still to do that, you need to have all these people properly trained or used

a robot did the and even out of them only the most experienced can be put in charge of robot assisted or minimally invasive techniques. you otherwise, you risk fatalities and other misfortunes unless they so you don't believe that full robotic surgery without human involvement will ever be possible motion. i'm no, absolutely not. almost a robot can break a leg or a hand so blurred, but you can't imagine a robot and was putting some, either in on the wound or scrubbing hands before surgery. can you be a rule at crete o putting all these sterilized robes on the, examining the scope of work? question what the she said nothing. i think i understand another innovation. i want to ask you. that is something i'm fine, almost unbelievable. she n, these are the so called nana roberts. yeah. how real is that? i mean, if i understand correctly, we're talking about what would molecule size rather that can enter blood vessels, that even the smallest ones are where they can repair tissues or destroy pathogens

on command and so on back how real is that monkey run is it is what happens to this tiny bod, when it's done with whatever it's doing, how does it get out to life? is it clean? i'll explain you as soon as any foreign object or agent and as a human body, it gets literally covered with all types of tissues. humidifier because that's how our system protects itself from intruders. so if we consider this idea, the way you just told me, i find it very unlikely that any robot could just move about freely inside a human body. it sounds very much like all those people recommending you use herbal medicine. only normal. she's garlic herbs, the cam hill and so on. would the so would you let me tell you how it works? would you look at them? would be in every pill. there are active agents that are carried by the bloodstream, the horde you pull down to the area where they are needed, gunk on them, but it gets there with the blood war. it's the only way she by now,

thanks to the mechanism of the blood pressure gradient around the whole they can reach the infected or otherwise affected area damage and do their job with time. with old. however, almost when people decide they want a herbal remedy or but it says up quench and cut that chilli cook contain next to 0 quantities of such useful agents as, while also increasing the load on the stomach causing the liver and so on. so by analogy, if we talk about these nano robots use the war, even if the blood stream takes them to the affected area, the while that's just half of the problem will none? the other half is that these robots need to be designed in such a way, right? joseph, that they wouldn't form a clot seos. it's very serious. i can give you lots of examples on this topic. guy . okay, let's talk about the artificial heart. it's also something that's brought up a lot them would you say something like a pacemaker? no, it's not. i can tell you what it is. well, it's a, you know,

the 1st thing at styles what happens if it breaks it smoother. he artificial heart is something very different. it's not, it's basically a pump that performs the functions of a human heart fully or partially don't about child personally installed a large number and variety of these pumps. would i believe this technology has a promising future? no, the corporate to give you an example, you half a 1000000 people in the united states are in a heart failure risk groups that made sure we won't find that many transplants for one. let's consider this at the period. secondly, nor gives you, not all of them can have a transplant because of their age. no. and thirdly, that it's very expensive and not covered by regular insurance aid, my losing kinessa for asthma, so the left ventricle, he gets only half of the $3.00 or 4 layers of blood that it has to pump out per

minute mission worse, believe in the lead to recruit. meanwhile, e on operation you with this lesson strain what it starts functioning better and can even regenerate. to some extent began napoleon, what sicily, it's the left ventricle, that's responsible for our arterial pressure at this point. unfortunately, it turns out that heat exchangers still an issue, she's grab some of your bill. now what does this mean? the temperature of blood is $36.00 degrees celsius. it's warm low, and the device is placed right next to the lung, which is hot. so it gets closet, so the yeah, i think that together. so all of us, your developers and doctors, which you are assume we will figure it out it and then people will certainly be able to live very long lives. well, it should, which is a very small surgery. we put one cannula in the left atrium, virus mall incision and attach another cannula, to say, an artery, and that's it. so i'm definitely all for us. okay, why don't we yeah. of salut,

zach i was stump. you described, does it recharge on its own? does it need that is charging vinegar, but near on all moves in moon? yes, it needs charging lead for now. unfortunately, the device is powered by a battery of much demean centers to shoe, but the chargers external, it is very light and so on. we're so cut off in the hood, so veneer on renewed his role is to what i want is impossible, in theory that these artificial heart would recharge simply 3 movement which you know, like in good mechanical, a swiss watch. it doesn't need a battery, does it? something like that. so if i can answer that they should do this. a professor called olga bacteria who created an epic cardio electronic pacemaker. good to me. now, how does that work? them? we stay when we implant pacemakers that get these we now have tens of thousands of people going about their lives with pacemakers was a little, there's always a small chance of electrode thrombosis or infection unique coastal. in addition,

the electrodes go through the tri cost valve and can to an extent with their depending on its exact position. it can prevent the tri, cosper dow, from closing all the way will lay because script. so she got a grant from the ministry of education and science and created an epa cordial electrode that can be put directly on the heart through thor acost copy which, unless, which involves a very small incision. the device is 18 millimeters in diameter and it works just as well is now now they're finishing with their 2nd grad research. and initially the pacemaker has a battery, of course, a tiny one. but now they're finishing up with their research aimed at using the energy of the hot contractions to recharge it. if they put that there, take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to a world renowned heart surgeon leukemia stay with us.

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these people learn from their own experience. how vulnerable of business is to the bank. so he pushed my business over, the age, pushes me right to the edge, bankruptcy. now i realize we were good. this isn't just the back that may be involved in this is the concept. see, firms is the lawyers. these people have got you want other stories at a walk. can a whistle blower tell people's marriages have broken up? they've lost their family homes. it is spectacularly devastating for people's lives . we have committed suicide, but left behind, nor the explicitly state that it was the constant intimidation and billing by buying coffers. sauce that late them to i took the spear it's obscene, these people up, nor saw when i see

black merger. i see part of my so i was growing, your black america spoke to me with white australia did not go through. so black lives matter is a movement we are importing from america. no, nothing of who we. i lived in a world where white lives mattered and i was not was like mission. and i wasn't new from black america. i learned how to speak back to what aboriginal people of iraq more every die were uploaded system. now with the police were out with 2 states, i'm scared that more children are gonna grow up in the country that think says no racism, but they're more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. then they're all the fellow friends in daycare.

and we're back with world renowned heart surgeon, dr. leo, bulgaria, talking about what's real in terms of heart replacement and heart surgery these days. and what's a fantasy? da, could look at him though. i think you said the urn and i'm heart donors for everyone . but then apart from artificial human heart, there's a lot of talk about transplanting when peaks, hearts into use years as an alternative. i mean, i shoot that as far as i know in china they already grow their genetically modified picks it up. she, i don't know, though, is a picks hardest. suitable replacement. let you, hardy, in 1960, for the 3 years before doctor christian barnard performed the 1st human to human

heart transplant. you or american surgeon, doctor hardy young. transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into a dying patient, a bottle at 1st, everything was going fine. oh, it's in about 24 hours. the heart gave out what it is. oh, you see, of course there are inter species differences meets but her heart is essentially a pump issue with it. and i need to understand that if a person weighs 80 killers and has this little heart with the poor, and it will start wearing out unless the weight is dropped to 60 kilos. well, in the day before yesterday we had a surgery and we were looking for a hot don't a patient number to serious when we learned there was a donor cousin, we choose a patient about the same size. so all that talk about transplantation remains on paper, at least for now water of e. that's why i focused mainly on artificial hearts for you and then the fringe, the shirt crash up. i sure yes is throwing up at people also talking about 3

printers which allegedly can work miracles just a few weeks ago as to when i read about a neighborhood in mexico that was entirely 3 d printing. and in israel, they print a heart with human tissue. oh, a tiny hard for sure, but still it's a hard thing. is it possible that a patient one have to wait for a donor heart or an animal transplant? me will just have a 3 d printer at your hospital and print hearts was clean, keep looked at them being, what am i supposed to make a living hard from? they say it can be made from living tissue, but i don't really know what that means in from past. is it fixture? i don't know, they are radically possible. hewlett. however, having spent all my life working in the field of cardiovascular surgery, i can say that this would be the end for my field. if they manage to do that, there'll be nothing else left to learn. what is to your shows known, we're still treating them, not as it for now. like i said, jen, and wishing take it serious them a cracked let's be real with every day. when we say real people who are ill,

june wittenberg in her g. lots of them, so you've just everything that there is to try. we've tried all of it for one and things that have been proven to work have become standard procedure. unfortunately, there's nothing better than a donor hard. in 2016 ad team of researchers in united states successfully grew heart tissue from stan, south it. is that possible? where was morgan woods? when did he look right now? made sure that your inside the building that has seen more stem cell research than any other place in the world who in swallowing clip i met should some 20 years ago . moses with the put americans came here with their stem cells, which could be implanted in any one, a human or a dog, which was that's how pure they were. she said, yes, it was. so i got all the necessary permissions, cooking and implanted those stem cells. and several patients with coronary artery disease, what that bullet jewish 31 of them died

a couple of years after that where it got done, we examined the body and saw that those cells took very well. you know, i knew though, over i didn't fully assimilate. i'd formed a strip of sauce you, cookie mormonism the cell simply didn't connect to the cardiac muscle, but soon then, you go there later, i discussed this case with my colleagues and everyone agreed with my conclusion, including those who brought those cells zip magically at these cells have no nerves and no blood supply. you could always sna, virginia. why? that's why we now use a mixture of cells to ensure innovation is just not clear. do a pretty good news is that though some children are born with one artery, i mean they have to you, you got to river one of them stems from the pulmonary artery, d kaltura. so and yours, this is the america, not an american, not, not hold you to this artery carries venus blood on the one that's blue,

senior white as a result of that child may develop extensive myocardial infarction at the age of only 4 months from richland was hand we have to do the same kind of surgery as we do with people of any other age. are you, my zillow, isn't that? the problem is that there is very little cardiac tissue to work with. well that's why i wanted to try stem cells and the results that we got were very impressive excursion since then. the way surgeries are done on such children have changed drastically. it has improved to wouldn't. today we don't use stem cells for that, but we did experiment with them in the past. started shoot addie when it comes to children. you're fine. yeah. i know how it happens. especially bodies are growing when you lay a very responsive to all kinds of interventions and adapt easily. what does the perilous look on amazon condemned as for adults wellness stem cells work differently and you have to be extremely cautious. you know, that recurring your quote to get that said like to ask you about gadgets. all these

devices, slow watches, phones, et cetera with you who they can now count your steps in monitor your heart rate. and before it was saying, also as again a parent, you could just recently an elderly lady in new york on a smart watch as a present from her grandchildren in the app. and it actually helped her avoid a heart attack by analyzing her condition that you can find i thought to myself, bestows can't be real. i mean, you no longer need to go for a checkup. you can self diagnose at home and then go to a doctor for treatment if needed or was is that so that's the alicia. so dr. nguyen, this really is a breakthrough because it can have a massive impact. um, unless we can buy a blood pressure monitor and check your blood pressure twice a day for it to see whether there are any spikes already in there with them as well as the genius. maria, it is the, was used for dealing with over in those to were for and that may help you with adjusting the dosage of

a particular drug or less focus coconut. so that you would take as much as you really need was not as much as he prescribed up. we're doing it so on devices like the one you mentioned have revolutionized our lives. oh no, i'm all for them. it. but almost here's what i can tell you just to my close friends, son designed a device that can measure and record your hearts activity, not for one day little cooker, but for a week graduate. you know, so you are need, you know, like a, it's like a whole to monitor now. so, you know, did you can wear it for one day for 3 days or for a week. we're in this case, it's on a watch or chill out of your pocket or gadgets like these allow people who are worried about their health to take action smarter, utah. so that's how i say this idea. i don't think that everyone should be wearing these devices mission i at near and you see your heart rate go up. you can alarmed that raises your heart rate even further and so on, you know, but holding. so it's a huge step forward with these devices. and now lots of companies are working on

smart watches or similar devices to monitor use his health. it's a good thing or st. louis, talk during the kitten early it which has laurie basil. again, the engine in their genetic engineering, i mean, i don't know how you'd react to that in more than a week. there now saying that ye can identify a heart disease related gene that was passed to a child and replace it until the child won't suffer from any heart problems. and a teacher belizean bretzkey that there's no practical implementation yet, you know, which one will go to that? of course, there is a lot of research and we will committed. so, but because you won't find a solution if you don't look for what nor, or in, but i don't think it's that easy. what bureau to be able to diagnose it so that the lab has to have the necessary time tested equipment rejected and qualified specialists that use to share. but ordering and reporting re, doctors have to know about it. so they could refer their patients,

their so called torrie to horace. charisma will be patiently waiting for it. rach snyder with trouble. now prior to the would, would use that kid failure yet. i just know that in friends to reduce the number of children born with down syndrome to almost 0 because they can determinate i advance was that. and so i thought maybe it was possible for the heart disease as well, which is good to return. here's what i have to say on the subject. lead about 15 or maybe 20 years ago. c u. k. wanted to forbid births of children with hyper plastic left heart syndrome be doing. regardless of the gestational age. you and french doctors actively supported them. marijuana so okay, but um, well we didn't have any effective methods of treating it back then. it was here. so you said you handled the chic or are what is hyper plastic? let heart syndrome it. i know it means the heart only has the right ventricle,

while the left one is virtually non existent. and there is no material valves, no iota is just lonely, 2 millimeters long. so ideally the child would have to undergo 3 operations in its 1st year of life, gone that course with 3 operations adverse outcomes, a quite common hedge, east them together with the americans. we convinced them not to proceed with this ban or women giving birth to children like that. when they, for me, the best argument was the mothers whose children with a chill, a chest grew up for us. there was a book, i've read it twice. i think it was just incredible, right? these children are very attached to their parents because the parents don't on them really warped. so they probably main these children now and the french probably managed to push this lord and make it mandatory for a woman pregnant with a child who has h l. a chest to get an induced abortion you. it's. and what would this would weigh it the more my remember it very well because i was strongly against what are you?

k colleagues were doing at this time ballpark of those to deal with marcia. they later congratulated me on winning this battle for too many me up, was that a royalist him? some over b? pursue all grandma. thank you so much for this educational and really insightful talk and i've learned so many new things for grace fuels. now, please take care of yourself and with you. we have nothing to fear. dad, thanks a lot. again, everyone. happy to hear it. thank you very much. my ah ah ah, when europe is mentioned to what do you think a place an idea,

a commonplace with diverging ideas? maybe you think of the european union, think what you wish, but europe is in crisis. it must choose between being in ideological construct or a place with real people. and real me ah, that also for eric from identify 2 types of freedom, freedom, roman freedom too. while we all idealize the lesser achieving the former, the freedom from use and abuse is no small feat in this day and age. this is especially true for africa, which, for centuries has been exploited under all sorts of pretext. what needs to happen for the continent to truly take its deserve place in the world? ah,

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a face of sobbing of a british conservative and pleased to class terrorist incident by the police. i turned to find you old man, reportedly upson, molly origin has been arrested on suspicion of mad a u. s. marine officer plead guilty of criticising dimension leadership full. they pay off withdrawal from a gun, a son. he remains defiant, however, that senior leaders need to be held to account with us as disturbing images. all the latest towers has brought. i've got to stand a blast at most on friday, leaving dozens dead is the latest in its cradle release out incidents. this is the u. s. a. because the headlines were you, they saw the big picture is a flex financing to nation on this week show ever get the feeling you're being watched.