oh well come to the alec salmon. sure. well we look at the feature of the planet, a bike to be determined at cop $26.00 in glad school. is this as american special climate? and by joint katie says, the last best hope for humanity, or is it just another summit? low and rhetoric and short on delivery. but we ask doctor to hunt of cambridge university whether engineering and science can offer a solution to planetary warming. and on eve of the summit, the prime minister delta huge blue to scotlands hopes of leaving the dash to the hydrogen economy. by prioritizing 2 english projects over the scottish cluster, alex asked you, he's holding professor of carbon capture and storage at the university of edinburgh . what's to make of best a patent body blue for the scottish economy?

breakfast. so you're trying to e mails and mess just in a sponsor interview last week with professor parameters on the prospects, but a new understanding between the west and the a slam it quite to market. peter who says, excellent interview, great, sure. what's his men and alex lovett? well, thank you, margaret and phil kennedy says and listen to christopher lee been carson film jenna . he was indeed a great cast. william nichol says, another sensible program. thank you, professor and all at the alec salmon. sure, i do believe that the children will meet the future better world wide, probably better if they would in charge know, can to any worse than the so called leaders are doing at the moment. steph, if it's not over yet, why is the words from william and the professor at both initiatives on the understanding between east and west. this load says i knew nothing of this. thank you so much. excellent. arthur milner says this is seriously fascinating stuff. and finally,

an ssl i'm it says thank you for an informative interview with professor i'm it. and they over to alex, i'm dr. hugh hunt faster here. welcome to the alex out and show. i'm glad to be here. we're on the eve of cop 26. we exactly, i mean, do we have the capacity scientifically or politically to arrest the global warming? well, we're not going to arrest global warming just like that. it's going to take a lot of work. it's going to take a lot of ambition, lot of commitment, but scientifically and politically. but what if i just this week given the prime minister of especially one as a scape couldn't leave macro, seemed to commit themselves to the, to the seattle carbon targets committed to the, to the knit 0 carbon target. and it's important to realize that there isn't a commitment to stop bending coal. there isn't a commitment to stop exporting coal. and to be net 0. you've got to find

a way of getting the c o 2 out of the atmosphere and underground or somewhere else . so what you're saying is we take sequestration, carbon capture, what are they talking points. so the last, the last couple of weeks, a half of the carbon to the capture, you have to have the carbon to capture very convenient if you've got a call thought power station to make electricity. you've got a lot of carbon coming out of the flu. this the, the chimney of the power station get that carbon dioxide on the ground. if you've got a convenient place to store it, that's kind of fine. but once we stop burning fossil fuels, where is that neat? concentrated carbon dioxide. so it's going to be because in the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide is very dial it. so you're looking at staves, be on carbon capture. i mean, when the world isn't even successfully deploying carbon capture, but you're already thinking, what's the state beyond that? the reason i'm thinking like that is that we don't have viable carbon capture and

storage at scale yet. that's no doubt going to be perhaps, viable in 101520 years time. but by that state, we really ought not to be burning fossil fuels to generate electricity. because we have options, we have solar, we have wind, we have nuclear for willing, or we have title if we want, we have hydro, we've had lots of options. we ought not to be burning fossil fuels to make electricity, and off the elephant of ideas that you're coming up with her. so the an obstacle will you are thinking about how you can re please the optic is a, is a realistic proposal in amy's sense? well, so rephrase, the arctic is okay, it's a bit of a bit of a catchy catch phrase, but it is important to recognize that the arctic region is warming may be 3 times faster than the average for the planet. and if we lose or when we lose the summer,

i seen the arctic. it's a bit like losing the ice in your glass of whatever it is. if his eyes and he didn't whisky incidentally, it just water was ok. just whatever. let's say it's a gin and tonic, then if there is ice, even the tiniest amount of ice, you can be pretty sure that that drink is cold. soon as you know, ice. then the temperature in the arctic of the arctic summer water temperature will rise to what we don't know underneath the arctic his permafrost, which is then going to stop melting. there's a lot of methane locked in them, methane as a greenhouse gas than the greenland. i show which is already melting, the melting of that will accelerate. so it's not that we know how to replace the arctic, but we know that it's really important that we figure out at least how to slow. it's right of melting down your ability stamps,

you me motto. so substantial time. it's after years that the image of asked, well, what mood do detect among your students must change an attitude towards these matters. well, the students 10 years ago perhaps, but not even talking about this as a subject student activism is not about climate change, but right now, great and sitting back is as accelerated, that student activism and climate. the passion of students talking about climate is palpable. it's great, we've set up the center for climate repair at cambridge and the interest, the student interest in this whole area so amazing we, we just don't have a shortage a toll of students wanting to help doing projects on climate repair. so professor, let's just say you want to glass go next we would you rather be, would you want to be outside the conference, whole giving these well leaders

a piece of mind or alternative? would you like to be emphasized giving them a few solutions? well, i'm going to be there and i'm going to be outside because that i think is where things are going to happen inside. it's very important that we have this political process, this, this legislative process getting things right. but then what follows on from that is we've got to act on the commitments. what many? well leaders would say no. so what, what almost half weight was the target which would embrace the pilot? this was the answer, but that was the easy half for those who are half way off that remaining difficult half to meet one of the most promising technology to provide the best answer as well. yes, the u. k is almost halfway the u. k. is done pretty well, getting halfway by like getting rid of coal. we've got

a lot of gas we've seen recently. that gas is kind of problem. how are we going to get off guess we need more solar? well, solar is not really how thing. in scotland there's, there's hydro, which is fantastic. wind against scotland has got plenty of skype for when i think we're going to find this 2nd half rather difficult and else that difficulty. what's the best hope? but i've been, john kennedy says that glasgow is the last best for humanity, was concentrating the best. what is it, professor on? i'm no fan of large scale nuclear, but i wonder where the, the small module a nuclear reactors will end up coming favorable in certain places. it won't be another dream where the file may act like, well, usually like the rest of it. i don't think that's quite like that because we do

have small reactors in nuclear submarines. the technology at that small scale exists and its functioning and has been, has become reliable and established. if it can become something that you and i would be happy, at least not too unhappy to have somebody near us that it's safe. maybe that is the way to deal with this. some last half you spoke about repealing the planet? less entrusting concept? little the pilot, we've broken it, those type of fix it. what do you mean by that? well, we've got to stop bending fossil fuels and we've got to get come outside and methane out of the atmosphere, which is very important. but we're probably not going to get those things done in time to rescue say, the act that the ac is melting fast, antarctic. following so. so what technologies can we find to slow down or reverse

the melting of the octave, the melting of the himalayas place? you there that, that sort of the big things and that's what i mean by repairing the planet. a lap means mussel repealing, the ocean. this self, the oceans of warm coming, find ways of cooling the ocean. one thing we can do is to make clouds over the ocean water. there's a, there's an idea called marine cloud brightening. i may have students in cambridge working on this. lots of people around the world of working on this can be spray salt water, which is basically what wind does waves make spray of salt water. it helps to create water clouds. so can we assist that process? can we assist the oceans in increasing the amount of biomass biomass take sincere 2 from the eventually it's taken up by organisms while

fish, who and stuff 6 to the bottom can be increased carbon up take of the oceans. so the oceans, which because of the consequences of human impact, the greater select improve the oceans rising, could also provide some to come up to some of this planet. the greater solution, the surface area of the oceans is enormous. so if you can imagine just to percent of the ocean surface is if you like, fertilize to improve its carbon dioxide uptake. that would have a huge impact. but let me tell you back to the lecture halls of k machine of asked us to be an idea concept for coming from your student says maybe eureka, you know, something that these, these youngsters will come up with which, which might shape the future of the planet. the thing i love about these wacky ideas you get some students reminds me a bit of

a poll. i 13 when there was set explosion there on the way to the moon. and look, there's no way we can get these 3 else astronauts back. not on my watch, we're getting them back. and the wacky ideas, but which has been dismissed at the beginning. they're the ones that worked. my bet is that the students go and work somewhere. and that's where they, rocky ideas find fertile soil. let's hope it's less lucky for the planet professor, hugh hunt cambridge university. thank you so much for joining me, alex solomon show. it's been a pleasure. joining us after the break when alex examines why the scottish proposals for carbon capture have been relegated by the u. k. government, we'll see you then. ah, ah russia this class of car was discontinued more than 20 years ago.

even lost a more than a sort of can you sell it to proposal, but sure. dealing with just important purchase. it took 5 years to close the gap on the world car industry from the drawing board to the 1st finished model scripture. so we'll move over, show the excellent tools. can you deal with my food notions from a small school lunch with for shift or commercial, then you america was correct. the 1st month with no sort of what explains show biden's sudden dropped in the polls as a candidate who promised to return to some form of normality. however, his current standing with the public is anything but is his agenda the problem?

maybe he's not as likable as he once seen. he is in trouble, and so is this party with ah, well, come back in a preview of the prospects of the vital corp, 26 summits in glasgow. alec speaks to professors to hazelton about the contribution which carbon capture can play in securing emission reductions. though delighted to be joined by the fester hazel dean. that was fust ever professor of carbon captions storage stewart. welcome to the alex ivan shoe. ha, glad to be here. alex, thank you for letting me know when you got that appointment a few years ago and i was fast. our professional cabin captain stood when was that, how did it come about? like came about because in scotland,

around 2005 british petroleum b, p made the 1st bid to develop carbon capture and storage using that depleted oil field and using a power station. the u. k. government wasn't ready for that. so they pushed back on b p and created a competition. and into that competition came scottish power, which is our regional, if you like, electricity generation distributor, trying to fit carbon capture on to the long, gannett power station in the central part of scotland. and as part of that research and development in industrial package, they thought it wise to sponsor professor ah, place it to university of edinburgh. and so on the 1st professor of calvin capture and storage still work unit hope not to be the last. so therefore, obvious and what exactly is carbon captions to limit as it's bonding about in terms of a number of technologies. but what an essence is the, the principles behind cabin catch charting that's important because are using

carbon. i, in its various forms, is a really important her industrial process in our whole industrial society. so we use carbon out of the ground, coal, oil and methane gas to make electricity, and to burn as heat. but we also use carbon out of the ground as feedstock into chemicals to make plastics and paints. we also use carbon out of the ground to make fertilizer until may to help making in cement and iron steel. and in all those processes, whether it's burning or as a feedstock than the carbon often gets oxidized chemically to carbon dioxide. and at the moment the carbon dioxide is just dumped in the atmosphere, not drives, climate change, whereas carbon capture and storage enables you to capture that carbon using a chemical absorption sponge if you like. or instead of going up the chimney, the carbon dioxide gets captured. we can purify that, put that into a pipe,

just like an oil and gas pipe and send that away to be injected several kilometers down deep beneath the north sea for storage permanent storage further. and that keeps the climate clean, but still lets us use the benefits of the fossil fuel. and so how certain is that a storage? let me know when thanks and the past of people say all nuclear waste b, o k is stored in deep underground. mit isn't a danger, the carbon dioxide would find its way out. elisa dunden, oil wells. well, it's a great question. of course not one which a lot of people ask for. we can be really very confident indeed that we have both a good understanding of how to make artificial carbon dioxide stores and a good rate understanding of how to manage those once we've made them. there is carbon dioxide deep beneath the north sea, which has been there for 60000000 years as carbon dioxide in germany are from the volcanoes and central germany has carbon dioxide in italy leaking out from the

volcanoes, present volcanoes in italy, and especially in the united states in colorado and arizona, and we can go to these places and understand that we need to find a porous rock which has got small holes in it, overlaid by an impermeable seal like a slate on the roof of your house. and that enables us to put the carbon dioxide into the holes in the microscopic holes in the rock, but stopped that from leaking out with the roof on the top. and we know that can be secure and safe, not just for 10000 years, which we need just now for 10000000 or even a 100000000 years. so it got really good confidence in this that what on the eve of caught 26 in the city of glasgow. how essential. and your estimation is carbon capture to fulfill the you case climate tat targets and indeed the world's climate tongues. so the u. k. are under the countries, but mainly the u. k. of got a long way in reducing carbon emissions and reducing those harmful climate,

changing emissions, we've got about half way towards the target of net 0. and the 1st part is the easy part. but to do the 2nd part, you need to change people's behavior. you need to use different fuels, you need to change the way we are. we work slightly. and as an essential part of that, we need to capture the rest of the carbon, which we can't just reduce by changing how we operate. we need to capture about a 5th or even a quarter of the carbon, which we're presently emitting by carbon capture and storage. and that's common to all industrial countries. and to get to net 0, the u. k. committee on climate change is very clearly supported carbon capture and storage for the past 10 years and has become more and more of the citrus in its support for carbon catherine storage. and about a year and a half ago they for famously said that carbon capture storage is not an option. it's absolutely essential if any country is going to get to know 0. and that's

a message to the politicians in charge who have really been dancing round the edges, the dance floor here, instead of going in and making clear and bold decisions to develop this carbon capture and storage. but of course, certain green organizations under the green politicians are of st of academics like yourself or, or the politicians like me who've been champions of carbon capture that we're greenwashing the, you know, we're trying to, to find an easy route or something like that. what was your answer to the accusation? well, i can understand why, ah, people make that type of accusation. because some of the large companies to, to undertake this operation of capturing transporting and storing in need a large industrial actor, a company that's well accustomed to doing quite big industrial projects because we need industrial solutions for this industrial problem that we've created. and a lot of those companies are oil and gas companies and that leads to suspicion that

they won't behave well. but that's really up to partly up to government to make the rules tight, make sure the rules are enforced. and so one rule we've got already is that u. k should decrease and decrease and decrease its carbon emissions with 5 yearly carbon budgets to end up with 0 emissions in 2050. but another way of doing that is to make sure that her companies are honoring that what their shareholders want. and it's clear that the shareholders in companies like b, p, and shell, and total. and mo, bill of all said that we want, they saw a company to be $90.00 and setting off and storing the carbon dioxide, which is a consequence of the fuels. it's produce it. so there's a, a double pence movement on these companies. so they've got the skills, the politicians need to make rules and the shareholders will put them to account. i have mentioned that release projects have been and the offering for

a long time back to 2005 or when warehouse or was an advocate as the local m. p of the the miller project. peter a pallet station later. his 1st minister, the lanet project, the both of these ideas, what were sunk by the, by the u. k. government. no, it wouldn't be reasonable. a safe for either of these have gone ahead than the delegates to call 20 sex glasgow this weekend would be getting on a bus and, and tuning to see these wondrous carbon capture projects. what, what is i once extent of the, the missed opportunity over these last 15 years? i think the, you case had 4 cycles, 4 sets of opportunity, at least in this. so once it's v p projects you mentioned in 2005 again with the long janet project, 2007 cycling back. trying again in 2015 with a project around peter head, which is a pass station in northeast scotland. and again, most recently are with

a project based around industry is the so called acorn projects in scotland. and each time that has been done, they design brief has been very fully achieved house with the acre project. we know that we've got full marks in most of the, in all of the categories i think are we've got the most deliverable project we've got the shalise cost project. we've got the best skills, we can explain what we're doing. but each time mysteriously somehow, when stutter package of application goes in to the westminster complex somewhere, the rules get adapted in scotland seems to be a loser all the time. and that's crazy because the world needs this, the u. k needs this in scotland is still for better or worse part of the u. k. and if we develop these from 2005 onwards, we would, we would indeed be touring, global delegates round our 3rd or even 4th generation of carbon capture and storage

power plants covering capture and storage and industry in saying don't just believe what we say here. is the metal here is the pipe work, here is the operation you guys can do this too. and the world would be in a much better place instead of progressively increasing carbon emissions in the atmosphere each year. we'd have turn that curve over and we'd be decreasing towards net 0. so this is a global failure, and it starts here in the u. k. let's relegation of the economy project that the scottish cluster. i mean, this is more than just the, the loss of potentially tens of thousands jobs at with this is a always a dagger aimed at the heart of that the scottish industrial struck me what future can the b for offshore oil and gas and scotland? if there isn't a, a means of disposing the carbon darcy, what future for grains my for finally, if there isn't a method of stopping damaging emissions. so i think those are all exactly

a point points exactly on target. because the whole explanation of why the westminster governments gone through this current cycle of competition is to try and take carbon emissions away from all these industrial areas around the u. k. so they're industrial areas in te side in the north east of england. those industrial areas and in holland homicide industrial areas around manchester because the u. k. thanks to the industrial revolution and burning lots of coal and then lots boil. it's a very industrial country. so those industries are to have a future. they need to be de carbonized. we need to find a way of taking the carbon, capturing the carbon, as i explained earlier, taking that away and putting that deep on the ground in a safe storage site. and ne, scotland is absolutely ideal for that. and what we can do here is start quickly. we can develop very low cost by reusing a lot of that oil and gas equipment. we have a lot of skills for the offshore industry which are well familiar with building

pipelines and operating all attic equipment offshore. very safely and securely. and we have a set of european oil companies who have been asked by their shareholders to get down to network 0 and store carbon. and those companies are really wanting to cluster around projects, but that needs the government to give permission and needs the government of the u . k. are to give some encouragement and permission and initial financial awards to permit that to proceed. and that's persistently been missed all the time. so we're on the 4 cycle. and once again, this has been missed this perfect combination of conditions. awfully professor hazel, the unless opportunity will come again. i want one last question and that's when your electric and teaching a student said to edinburgh university. how seized are these young people with the, the idea of carbon capture lately, by the studies and hopefully by the careers me be making her

a substantial contribution to saving our planet as a real zeal behind the, the carbon caption through this. there absolutely is yes. and that's part, and that's embedded as part of a whole might a package at the university of edinburgh. but calvin couch and storage is certainly one of the stand out activities. and every time i lecture to multiple different classes of undergraduates or to students coming in from brown the world to take master's courses at advanced level, those classes are always very keen, very enthused. asked lots of questions, go away, talk to their friends about it. so there's no doubt that we have the skills and ability. we've got the training to offer actually all we need is some real projects now where we can effectively go and knock on the door, kick the tires, and go and see it happening. professor, still hazel did good luck. we are all you're doing and, and thank you so much for joining me now. examine. show

a pleasure. thank you for inviting me the well this warming and a crisis is upon us, but i the leaders under on to i have 25. they isn't up to the task in hand. in glasgow. the all get is, are not good. neither peasant g, a, china, nor present piece of russia will even be in attendance with the horse conscious. first minister is not invited. as part of the u. k. delegation. if leaders in the u . k are incapable of pitting as a personal rivalries in the run up to the summit. then what hope is there for substantial decisions, the quieting, we'll sacrifice or johnson has been fainting, uncharacteristically pessimistic, and run up to cope. stressing the difficulties in agreeing joint action. this may be a deliberate tactic looking to under problem isn't over deliver. for example, rumor has it that the investment fund of an annual 100000000000 paints of climate finance for the promise to the developing world in 2009 will be a nightstand,

glasgow as finally being made. however, in the real world, gas and cool price, it's stored to record ties and the refusal of the you kick up to prioritize carbon captain scotland leaves the bitter taste for the pain minister political power to trumps climate logic. it remains to be seen whether glasgow 2021 will be seen itself at the turning point or another missed opportunity for now, i'm alex herself and all at the show. it's good bye, stacy. and we hope to see you all again next week. ah ah. oh,

my manager, what my guy to financial survival. this is a hedge fund. it's a device used by professional value eggs to earn money. that's right. these headphones are completely not accountable and we're just adding more more to them. totally. the stabilize the global economy. you need to protect yourself and get in for watch guys with a ah supporters of julianna songs playing washington's promise to allow him to sac his sentence in his homeland australia should not be trusted as b u. k.