i went to a uni event where brian was intrude for an audience in edinburgh, and he gave a really interesting account of his life in scotland, his career, and his experience of hollywood. i got his autograph lead as he stayed behind, to share wine and nipples with faded people, including our students very down to earth. very intelligent guy who can see through all the hollywood superficiality. and there's a genuinely kidding person. here in a brain says billions on another level, the decency of brian cox is a great meadow for the entire alex salmon shaw, including every member of the team. thanks fiona. i need to get his book and i'm reminded that there are others on my list too. thanks for brian cox and all that alex, i'm unsure you keep me seen and hopeful for positive news to scottish independence . madden mason says this was so interesting. we went to brian's talk this week in the tank church in san antonio. the church was packed full of locals and the talk was amazing. there was not a mention of independence would even be if i, i can confirm it was an excellent turn it into supporters and he audience. and finally, carla mclean, smith,

but another lovely story. my son was an extra in one of brian cox, his films are when it started to dean rich attack to stand eaten it to with no cover. brian invited a mentors taylor and made him a cup of tea that serve you human, and it matters brain cooks. now the vaccines are deployed, but the virus is still ripping through society. professor who montgomery is bought at a standing academic and practicing in intensive care wards of lending. hideous in discussion with alex it professor human company. welcome back to the alex allen. sure. let me see again, note what a sub wave of a of cobra didn't. the across the country is united kingdom, how much pressure a on the intensive care was under in this thought wave as we approached the a christmas. well, it's interesting it's, it's geographically quite bearable. so some of my colleagues are here in the north of england, in the midlands, under a great deal,

more pressure than some of us are in london. and we do have plenty of caving patients in intensive care, but nothing like the level of the waves we had previous state. and, but of course, what we've got to hope is that people continue to take the vaccine, get that boosters, keep the social distance where they're masks, because this could still catch up. am. and indeed, there are always, as you know, huge when to pressure on the n h. s. even if there were no cove, it at all. we want to go, remember we're trying our very best in hospitals in the united kingdom, to catch up with the treatment of patients whose treatment being delayed by cave. it's that might be hip replacements or might be cancer care. and we do have to make sure that prioritized deal things. remember, of course, is that if you are trying to run a health service peak without cave it, even a few caving patients rather messed is not up. because you can't put a code in patient that might be infectious next to a person who might be vulnerable such as an elderly person or someone coming in for

cancer care. so you end up having to run sort of 2 parallel systems. so the numbers perhaps belie the strict best is put upon the system and it's a good reason why we should still advocate, very strongly bred wants to do their level bass not to contract or spread this disease. so human company does that mean, although the vaccination program clearly hasn't been successful as yet stopping the spread of the virus, it has interrupted and mitigated the effect of catching the virus and ending up in hospital and was still an intensive care. very much say. so it, it greatly reduces your chance of contracting the virus. if you do contract the virus whilst you produce a number of viruses at peek when you're breathing out, that falls off much more quickly, so you're much less likely to transmitted to someone else. and furthermore, if you do get the disease, you're very much less likely over 90 percent. less likely in fact, to end up on an intensive care unit we're dying. so that seems a highly effective and generally very safe indeed. so again,

a very good reason was all to get our vaccination and get our boost. this is i have that that the booster likes there's, we're both in the fortunate position of having had the, the booster vaccination. how confident can we be that having got the booster then protection gets up to well, nearly a 100 percent? well, it is certainly highly protective. the issue, of course, we not quite sure is how long after boost as the protection still last fall. so whether we're going to be into an, a cycle of continuous, recurrent vaccination or too little unclear. that does seem some evidence that the people who get vaccinated and then get mild case disease, their immune response is very, very much better and perhaps even more prolonged. so oddly enough, as this virus circulates at low level producing asymptomatic amount disease in vaccinated people, that may be even better protection to come, which would be good. why is that the better when you're getting vaccinated,

as it were, mix your drinks and i was, if you start with astrazeneca, you'll then get pfizer for your booster. what is that about the, the vaccinations that make it better to have different ones as you go through the the program? well, i wish i knew the onset because i probably get some medical prize for it. it's not widely understood. this is a phenomenon known as immuno mentation. the vaccine of course, pokes your body to recognise one specific barrow protein. and you thought that if you got kobe to whatever you would only respond to that in a protein within science, that the getting the virus and the vaccine interact to augment a much broader range of immune responses. so that to phenomena, say nodes, immune or mentation. and how it works isn't fully understood, operate to say, but it does work. so a mixing and matching does seem to be valuable. less come to your work, profess montgomery, as a, an intensive care, a physician on the walls. you're on monday of treatments as no being greatly of

meant it it, we 1st had the standard treatments last year and then of the antibody treatment seth was the beginning of this year. and now we hear that those going to be that what looks like successful anti vidal treatments, that would, so that kind of free ranges of, of treatments in your army, if somebody's unfortunate enough to end up an intensive care. yes. so, and we do have a raft of different ways of treating people. so we've perhaps you and i discussed these some of these things before we done very early on that patient for much greater risk of clotting. and that was killing people. so we were able to deal with that. we were using this non invasive fence later supports and he's tight fitting masks to see if we could actually get away without putting some people on ventilators. we now know that that works. and i guess it said that one in 5 people would otherwise need to go into a breathing machine. so we know that works. we know that steroids, if you get to keep you on while uncommitted to hospital evening auction or reduce

your risk, they don't in the community. this isn't something for a you and i, if we're at home with this is the hospitals that also works. there are some anti inflammatory agents such as uncle rem desert here, and others that damp down this rather exuberant inflammatory response that you can get. and we now know that those sorts of drugs, the anti inflammatory types of drugs, can also help. and now you will send you to 2 other very new and sorts of treatment. one that was announced by merc is still waiting full assessment by nice on national sort of organization which evaluate medications fit for value. it said to have the risk of death for patients that come to the hospital or indeed risk of hospitalization. and it does this rather cleverly by an messing up the code that the virus use it to replicate itself. so it introduces a lot of errors into the code, lots of mutations essentially into the code which stops the virus replicating. but,

and this is only one study and the data are perhaps not representative of what we'd see now over 50 percent of the patients. i think were from guatemala and a loss, nothing had to be in the very early stages of the pend, fennic. hospitalization was defined as only 24 hours or more admission which isn't very much. and the hospitalization, the mortality rate was over 17 percent. and we've never seen any such figures in this country. so just as, as locked him isn't there. i think a lot of us are waiting for further data. and then you also mentioned antibodies. now this is quite interesting. so when you are contract the virus, your immune system makes these proteins called anti bodies and they stick to proteins on the virus. and that marx, those virus cells, is ones to be killed off for instance. so it helps you attack them, and you can also neutralize or block the spikes on the surface of the,

of the virus. and by touching and blocking them, can stop those points being able to attach to cells to get into your cells. now of course, that's great if you get the vaccine, that's one of the things that does produces antibodies, the spike. it works if you've had cov, it, you make antibodies at the same sort. but if you haven't had k that or the maxine and you get ill, then the question is, could you give some on the antibody? you mentioned that donald trump has this sort of treatment. and we now know that some of these treatments do seem to work, and these are cunningly engineered antibodies that manmade based on human proteins. and some of them are modified to make the last a really long time. so the half life, the time it takes for the quantity to drop by half of an antibodies, normally about $26.00 days. and some of these being pushed out for very, very much longer. so we have some evidence. for instance, metronome called a tackle in them astrazeneca that if you are,

haven't had the infection before you get these antibodies early that are your risk of death or hospitalization is greatly reduced. but he also value these antibodies act like a vaccine. they, they give you the anti bodies directly and that protection might last for up to a year. now you might say, well, why do we need that? we call that seems when the problem is, if you've got cancer, if you haven't chemotherapy, if you got on other immune suppressing drugs, if you thought they had an organ transplant, you perhaps can't rely on being able to make those antibodies for yourself. and whilst vaccinations great in lifting lockdown for you and me to some other people that becomes a prison sentence because they can't get asked about anymore, because there are lots of people and they haven't managed a good enough noun response. so this is, these new treatments are very, very good news. i think the people such as that because it releases them from their

own or self imposed lockdown and offers them yet another prevention. something putting it in the round. if we all, babe sent to play, keep distance is where most of the sensible things wash our hands, the alcohol gel, et cetera. get our vaccines, get our and boosters, if we can't have those get the antibodies when they become available. then with that and the armory of treatments, if you are, i'm lucky enough. stilton sickle, make it ospital when a very, very much better place than when you and i 1st spoke over a year ago. so does that mean the professor a governor that with the armory of treatments with the vaccination program you're getting to, to work with a law was still losing hundreds of people a week in the united kingdom. but you know, to put people in your position treating in the intensive care was the good to work for best spring in your stack. knowing that you've got more ammunition in your locker. it certainly much if you're going to fight to war, you certainly want to be armed and we much, much happy with that. but i would reiterate that and we aren't out of the woods yet

. we got to remember that perhaps 12 percent and adults in this country still haven't been banks nascent at all. and they're probably not getting to these are probably people who decided not to get vaccinated. so we still got a lot of people who could become ill. so that the last people who could spread it, and whilst the risks reduced greatly by vaccination that say by 90 percent, it still means that every 10 cases you would have got you're still going to get one that ends up on intensive care or dice. and as we mentioned before, just at the moment, those small numbers can be great in the machine. they could really mess up alpha assessment just i'd like get one. just remember how stress the health services normally is in an average winter. you go back a couple of years, we were hearing ambulance clues out, sarcuse outside of mercy's the bombs and so forth. so less or just trying to be sensible and keep the heat off the health services still that provide the care not just the caving patients, but for the people he's treatment for instance,

have been so badly to late in the last 20 months. so say professor human governor, thank you so much for joining me. once again on the alex, i haven't shown no pleasure to speak. i'd coming up as to the break. alex turns to dr. bought it and con you of extra university for an explanation as to why the fi, this is not yet under control. we'll see then. ah ah, how is the economy working for you? we're told this is the time of the great reset and build back better. what does this mean to you? how does the green new deal play into this? it seems the richer only getting richer. but what about the rest of us?

when else? sure thing wrong. well, please just don't move. i mean, you world, just to feed out disdain becomes the advocate and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves worlds apart, we choose to look for common ground. ah, we're empowering ourselves to be more efficient, quicker with our transactions. but with that comes a trade off every device p as a potential entry point for security into any machine sounding. it's an extension of traditional time. the defenders have always been one step behind the attackers. one of them was one comes option in the water. it's not

a matter of, if it happens, it's a matter of went to welcome back. dr. pin came yesterday. the crisis has provided an informed critique of the policy measures which have thus far failed to control the vidas across the u . k. he speaks to alex, that's one canyon. what though, 18 months or more added to the end to the turn of virus, the cobra infection, but still a huge number of cases in the united kingdom every day been 50000 new infections regularly. are you surprised by the apartment and ability of the vaccination program to get to grips with these sort of numbers of infections? i'm not surprised, i'm disappointed. and my disappointment is that we have mismanaged it in the united kingdom. without a doubt. if we look at comparable countries in our neighbor,

neighboring europe, germany, france, spain, italy, they are case numbers their best, their management is better. and the reason we need to learn from them is simple precautions. simple, easy measures actually help. and the helps of brass case numbers. could you put your finger on where these weaknesses stand, have been what it is, a boat, the management across the 4 countries of the united kingdom, which, which is certainly the infection still spreading at such a, such a high rate. so the premise that we have to always remember is this is a person disposing spread of infection. we try to find all sorts of complicated roofs is to keep the case numbers down. the key point is this is person to bust and scratch. that means wearing masks in public places where there are other human

beings in close proximity. where would that be buses, trains tubes, crowded, shopping centers, et cetera. second point is that while our immunization program has been good, unfortunately, some of that immunity is now starting to drop off. but that's not the bigger concern. the bigger concern is we have not, not fully immunized the younger age groups. and we have failed to grasp it and address it and upset that children do get infected children do. in fact, others and children are sources of propagating infections into older age groups. so when we last spoke in the show, doctor, kind of, you walden, that the dangers of taking children back to school before the vaccination program for teenagers. have these are wanting to come to pass. unfortunately, so,

and it is extremely disappointing. because at that point, i was saying the united states, canada, israel, european union, all very good countries with very good scientists, with whom we often work together. and for the united kingdom, to be a stand alone stand alone from all the other scientists in all these countries where they have really good scientists, made me wonder for them all. it was even more disappointing, really hurtful that we finally saw the joint committee for vaccines and immunization minutes, 5 months later, 5 months later, it is extremely painful to see that. and the reasons given for making the decision not to immunize the teenagers in those minutes was extremely disappointing. it was based on very flimsy premises, that it was marginally beneficial and therefore,

we're not going to go down to students. they got it wrong. not only did they get it wrong, they published the minutes 5 months later. well, i can say is a decision taker and previous examples of threatening violence is not a serious issa, as coven, but the swine flu, that what you wanted? what you needed as a decision taker was, was clear, but above all timely advice from your experts so that he made a decision. it would have an effect. are you saying that both in terms of the sage committee, with a lack of expertise and people who would be on the ground infectious disease control? i know in the vaccination committee with the endless delay before they make decisions, that these key institutions approved not fit for purpose and this most severe fall pandemic. yes, and it is very disappointing because i like infectious disease management is not super rocket science. it is pretty straightforward, if only we would do the basics,

the fundamentals and the fundamentals are. we need to suppress infections universally from all age groups. and he can suppress those infections. you create fuel cases. it's as straightforward as that for them all. another example, finally, a year later today i hear the u. k. government is finally finally addressing the issues of ventilation. people like myself and i am a lightweight, have been talking about went elation for at least a year. and it finally today being addressed that ventilation is a big issue, and we got to do something about it. the case numbers in scotland, not a serious as the case numbers in england in the last month for it on the, to the infection rating. a very high level, i'm the fontas anonymous international vital conference. they talk 26 in glasgow doesn't make you a bit uneasy. having 50000 delegates on that, on to large use,

with maybe 100000 demonstrators into a country of scotland and a city where infections are running a high level. how uneasy does that make you as a public health ex ma'am? yes, and whilst i'm 101 percent, if that is such a thing, subscribe to global warming and sustainability as an imminent danger. the idea in the middle of a pandemic into a small country of having, as you say, a $100000.00 plus delegates. of course, there is an introduction of risk, of course there is. and it will be interesting to watch the case numbers in scotland further to comp $26.00 taking place. of course it is a risk and we know the signs and it's only a matter of time when we see case numbers rising. the good thing is not to cost dark shadows on this event because very important is at least most people are

immunized with 2 axes. and therefore, even if they were to get infected, hopefully most of them will not be seriously ill and very few will end up being admitted to hospital and being put on a ventilator, etc. so, so the pluses are that, of course, case numbers will go up. but i hope that there is a disconnect between case numbers and being admitted to hospital due to them being fully immunized. that was to situational. have some hundreds of people of dying every week in the united kingdom, across the, the for stations. but i like the publicity about that seems very low. i mean, i'll be, become not the mutant to the violence for almost immune to the impact of hundreds of people dying every week when, what, what is it that gets people in new, up, too dangerous via circulating at such a level and killing. so many people yes. so there is that clear fatigue

and people just say, you know, 40 people died today and it's almost water over a ducks, back. it is unacceptable. we have what we need is a comparison because people have become fatigue. but we need a comparison, a clear indicator in germany in france, in spain. the daily death is x in the united kingdom, the daily death numbers are x plus plus. and we need to constantly constantly feed this back to the public that the u. k is not doing as well as the european union. why and what can we do about it to become as good as we can because we are not as good as we can be. and don't open kind of if you are a i d e of government, which many of us wish who had what would be the one measure you would say to the,

the leaders across the scotland, wales, non island and england. what was b one measure use for goodness sake, do that know at this stage in the spawn them, it, you're always hungry early, early, early reactions, early control measures result in better control, more fixing to control more in charge of the outbreak. so early extensive actions is the best course of action. delayed actions, delayed minimal interventions, equals you never get into control with the outbreak and in the u. k. unfortunately, we have been delayed limited actions, and as a result, we've never caught up. if we had early extensive interventions, we would be in a better place today. so it talks about kind of conflict. can we be that if you're lucky enough to i've had the booster vaccination that you know, 100 percent protected, but you're not far off our conference. we can,

can we be that once you get the booster, you're safe from this virus? no, we cannot say that. i mean mustn't stay back and forth, sexual stage for house and social kind of side. you johnny meal to lay a lot of singular singular emphasis on boosters, boost is boosters, is a smokescreen. the important way of managing case numbers will be as follows. it is multi layer. it has to be multi layer. so you have to immunize people who have not been immunized. you have to give the boost as to the wonderful people. and furthermore, you have to also address other issues. the other issues are equally important. the other issues being where your mom very properly, where you can crowded places where it, on buses, tubes trains and crowded supermarket. furthermore, the big elephant in the room that were not addressing. and this is extremely serious is the seasonal influenza vaccines because it is already circulating in

europe. and we need, we need the schools, seasonal influenza program to gather pace and momentum because they will in fact other age groups. and we know that the strain that is in circulation makes poor immunity amongst elder people. so we need to suppress influenza very much so this year. so it's a multi pronged approach multiple layers as well as please attend to seasonal influenza immunization urgently. so that of i saw kind of our carrier last horizontal, alaska, and thank you so much for joining me. once again on the alex arnold, jewel. thank you. in recent weeks, many northern hemisphere countess have been registering epidemic levels of kroner, virus infection, even in new zealand. the exemplar of liberal democracies, and by this control cases are on the rise in the summer, all be still at tiny levels compared to other countries. the vaccines have,

we can the link between infection and hospitalizations and death. but worldwide, 50000 deaths have been recorded each and every week, and even have access to countries have failed to crack the epidemic. meanwhile, the logistics of the roll out of the vaccine to the developing world looks painfully and irresponsibly slow in the ford administration that the u. k. it is clear that the decision to resume the school timetable before the start of the teenage vaccination program has been a key driver in the continuing high levels of infections. better news comes in the success of new therapies which adds to the armory of hard pressed intensive care medical staff at the combination of intense pressure from corvette and normal winter illness. make hospital a difficult and dangerous place to be. this all points to a health crisis at christmas. no doubt, it will still be merry,

but will it be safe? but for no, from alex myself and all the sure is good bye. stay safe. i'm hope to see you all again. next, hulu. ah ah, with if we can now look into people's minds, read the thoughts. the question then is, what kind of consequence we, we could take from this. i think you take the example flying,

it would prevent us from lying. we wouldn't be able to lie anymore. if everything becomes transparent, but what we're thinking, as a korea professional sport is much tougher on some than others with the euro, she might by everybody to. so why would somebody believe me, i was just a little girl, the price of a to, to, to achieve really was, was proud to read on the paper this morning. usa swimming coach, arrested, allegedly had sex with a 12 year old girl. this happens almost every way we get calls at the office. i get informed about one of my greatest fears is someone is gonna start linking all this together. and it's going to be a 60 minute documentary about youth coaches in sports like gymnastics swimming here is that documentary. i see it on our

t ah, food and medical aid in short supply as thousands of migrants at camp at the border between bell roost and poland for a 3rd night. our correspondence, is there anything this girl a with a branch now she's bleeding and she needs help. but the problem is that there are no medics around. there are no doctors around and i really nobody knows what what, how to deal with cash. route madera is locked in a bitter battle with the u. s. government over the lucrative rights to it's vaccine and with the probate into the discredited trump, russia d'orsay, under way, we look at how the mainstream media and the democrats are refusing to face the facts.