plenty of migrants and refugees have been trying to cross into v. you. the most serious accusation that we heard from the defector was that he saw 2 cases when the polish military shot and killed volunteers who were trying to help the migrants. the soldier also describe how his fellow service men behaved, and he called that a pure display of domination. people among the most senior ranks of the polish military have admitted that one of their soldiers have defects it and they are absolutely furious. the man's commanders have already been fired. the defense minister says that he was an offender, and that he wasn't even simple to serve at the border. the minister once punishment for those who sent him there. a soldier who went missing yesterday had serious problems with the law and resign from the army. he should never have been assigned to the bodhisattvas. i've asked for an explanation as to who was responsible for this. i can remind you that the,

the european union officials have been blaming the crisis on alexander lucas jenko and his government. they are saying that mister lucas ankle was waging a hybrid war against the. however, men's has denied purposefully sending the migrants to the border. now this latest situation would bad soldier could become a new twist in this conflict. so let's wait for more reaction. they want to move now to a developing situation in russia's northern capital. a large fire has broken out on a military vessel under construction in st. petersburg, a major operation is ongoing and to fire fighters have been injured according to the emergency services. they blaze broke out on the upper deck of a large corvette warship and sprayed quickly, covering an area of 800 square meters. the calls of the fire is not known at this stage. run 90 firefighters are working at the c now,

with so much information out there in this time of technological advancement. and just how can we sort i to fact from fiction? is it possible to do so on what are the implications if we count or short doc manufacturing, ignorance get stuck into that and it's next with blue. ah ah ah.

every day more needs more technology available. more comfort? more products on the shelves. ah, and every day, new questions. what is there in our fields on our plates? in our medicines as the industrial era made our world toxic mm. concern is growing. citizens accuse industries of hiding the truth from us and industry denies it. how can we judge? so we turn to science, we ask researchers to be the judges of these new battles. for us. we demand that

they step into the arena. we're living in a world where there are many people who have a vested interest in fighting information, finding scientific evidence, and discrediting even the notion that science could provide the truth about the natural world. they are tentatively seeking to derail science. so we need to identify these attacks to expose the maneuvering of those trying to stand in the way of knowledge. and in that context, it's essential for us to understand who these people are, what they do, why they do it, and how they do it. ah, and we have to understand how it is that the public sometimes participates in the spreading of this deliberate ignorance. so we need to visit the landscape of manufactured ignorance ah.

in northern greece, like in most of the developed world bees are the victims of an ongoing carnage. well known since the 1990s. this has now become a textbook case, a point from where we can begin our exploration of the manufacturer of ignorance. things always start with an enigma, in greece like elsewhere, experts on bees didn't understand what was happening and why. ne, it can, i missed it. popular hooks, ethnic i element doesn't polezza. boy, is it because delevie news programs everywhere showed beekeepers in total disarray i year. secondly, the suspect shows up this time it was a new generation of insecticides in our fields, the mo, the latest baby of the agro chemical industry at the time to pull active ingredients. every syngenta formulation is the result of years of careful

investigation and thorough research by our scientists. you moment these new products were spread on our crops down to the draw be started dying and they're millions of active ingredients. if the get a message, i'm at the same point is debbie, unequal thirdly, science is asked to investigate. to do so funny how gina has been constantly going back and forth between her hives and her lab emerson, a business. i think this place of almost every benevolent policy but looking for the truth has proven to be a game of cat and mouse. the usual task for scientists is to retreat into the calm of their labs, then explain what's being observed on the ground. we ask them to shed light on the mystery of the dying bees just as they have explained so many other phenomena. the role of science is to highlight natural mechanisms and reach an explanation for the

slightest observable fact. this is how science normally progresses. my solving more and more mysteries, and in principle, our knowledge of the world we live and increases. however, this fine principle sometimes has a few hiccups. for scientific observers, the case of the vanishing bees is emblematic of this. with something like ease and pesticides, you should have been able to investigate it by collecting data by following the evidence where it's taking you. the crux of the idea is that when we find the evidence that tells us what's happening, we tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth and we let the chips fall where they may, we commit in a way. or if you know committing to accepting the truth of those findings, but in the case of the bees, that's not exactly how things went in the early 2,

thousands go from a to expert report showed the toxic effect of even very low doses of new nicotine always on bees, and yet for more than 20 years, there has been no unanimity. no consensus on the link between these pesticides and the disappearance of bees. wire things lagging so much. you need to be a very shrewd observer to see the whole picture. mon, over at horrid is ebay. yeah. yeah, yeah. but that's got a sunk for proof dos. yes, psionic wasn't on that. it is in the bathroom that you had with a juan with a mighty film, you'll use me with history on the most pathetic i. p card one cannot eat that you dial like the ash knocked you loop one. why yet? good with this base of as evening, but you could up down to dollars to, to invite you to look was a tentative date. the cruise until the mornings ploy and where the acura can,

if this is a quick search in a scientific study database proves it. as soon as pesticides were suspected, the number of public or private studies focusing on other possibilities skyrocketed . 2010. the veterinary authorities were confused over your ill, a hole in donald buck. sympathy if both could definitely look into the more studies there were, the less beekeepers to make sense of at all. it seems like a paradox until you look back to an older case when you see a flourishing of new studies emerge in any particular area. a little bit ironically, it creates the appearance of being dedicated to pursuing the truth. but it takes me directly back to the case of big tobacco. why it's what's up front that can end up brand to head up the filter to

understand we need to go back to the 1950s a time when tobacco was treated with total recklessness. so you blend mean on the back? oh boy, the back gate. yeah, that's why, but this recklessness wouldn't last. what does this plan? okay, well, i just was back in december 1953. the bad news broke researchers had just provoked cancer in mice by painting them with tar from cigarette. after this discovery war broke out, the tobacco companies had a real crisis because they can't contest the evidence and say it's wrong. they should just say we don't know. and so the leaders of all the major cigarette companies got together in new york city. we now know that a meeting took place at the plaza hotel in new york in december,

between the bosses of the 7 major manufacturers, collectively known as big tobacco. imagine the scene with musket run to the heart of the matter. the meeting would go down in the annals of ignorance is a challenge to every one of us. and we are all in this together unify. confronted with scientific progress, the cigarette manufacturers came up with a plan. they launched this campaign in which they said, you know, we're aware of the science. we think there are problems with it and is your matter of deep concern to us? now we are beginning a campaign to spell out that basic point so that no one will fail to get it. i think if they decided to make a public statement, we are pledging aid and assistance to the research effort into all phases of tobacco use of health. for this purpose, we are establishing a joint tobacco industry group. the tobacco industry research committee.

good. yes. the press published the declaration tobacco industry to start scientific research. ah, believe me, friends, just feel as for your smoking pleasure and protection. every advantage known to modern science, just review. if you scientific back, then these are blast. the other sounds delicious, which split the bow and these pony map logistics. and why me so to apple, as you said, was key book. i lank old did, don't, lafitte, it every, don't want me to leave that mittens, he'll speak, combs less young, 8, debbie that's really using science against itself. the explicit use of

science again, science i think, does represent a kind of watershed to systematically find the scientific research in order to undermine science, effectively fighting fire with fire, that's a watershed moment. so after they do side of this, how did they operationalize in one of the things the tobacco companies funded a lot of what i call distracting research. the labs backed by the cigarette manufacturers defined research projects known as special projects or s p a whole arsenal. for diverting science, they researched for example, lung cancer and non smokers. they searched for links to habitat working conditions, personal habits. they experimented on rabbits to see if lung cancer could be caused by toxins or viruses. big tobacco thus generously financed hundreds of research projects. some of these projects turned out to be very useful,

such as research into the precursors of cardiovascular disease. but others were totally wacky. can egg yolk or tomato juice on the skin li to tumors. what's the link between lung cancer and baldness, or between the same cancer and the month of birth? if you born in march, claim to one study, you were more at risk. before it gently played, goes at the open plate, delila contributions equal to point that deal. i called, she does so me didn't you? i don't know why young western down in nurse because she wanted to need a convincing strategy because a lung cancer can probably be explained by a combination of factors. identifying the different risk factors as normal in size . multiplying avenues of research seems totally legitimate, but it can also be extremely handy for so in confusion

it becomes almost impossible to prove the suspects guilt. and that's the aim that's extremely well understood. and that designed play book for pretty much every other science denial that has followed this the story about tobacco. this is the story about acid rain. this is a story about the ozone hole. this is a story about pesticides. this is the story about climate change. nick it to an ice, this penal 8th conscious of 2 pills. i mean, we have now seen the strategy used over and over and over again. about buying time. a similar who's in strategy. got you in the case of tobacco, it's 70 years already and it's still going to join me every thursday on the alex simon, sure. i'll be speaking to guess of the world politics sport business. i'm show

business. i'll see you then talk about a space res. i'm hypersonic weapons, we talk about the fact that will be arranged on fossil energy. we talked about a democrat democracy prizes in the us. so if you don't think that's a rage is enough, you know, it's only because today the everyday life seems to me as that some who's been doing this for 30 years. it's very difficult actually to make a rated protection. compete with the reality of the rages day by day, like that receipt. oh for ah, in the case of the dying bees, the advancement of knowledge has also been deliberately slow down. this devil in

may or left that they'll be atlantis. u. v. i went back my mini eco smith on the clean up is so we're talking about decades of this information and decades of delay . in the meantime, the companies are still making gobs of money. mm hm. mm mm. mm. when a scientific life has been constructed over several decades, where do the 1st cracks begin to appear? for 40 years after the 1st alerts on tobacco, somewhere in the u. s. a humble employee performed an act that would change everything. ah,

the box he sent finally arrived in california at the university of san francisco. on that day, professor glance was in for a surprise on may 12th 1994, a box of documents landed in my office for an anonymous stores. these were internal documents from at the very highest levels of the tobacco industry, their senior scientist, their senior lawyers, their senior management, their senior public relations. people talking very, very frankly about what they knew about the dangers of smoking in this was an an hope for treasure for the professor. it was like a new world stumbling into a new world. the leaked documents increased in numbers. the truth broke, the tobacco industry bosses were cornered gentlemen. the reason disclosure of

documents have shaken my confidence that your company's care about the truth. these documents suggest possible manipulation of scientific research by industrial attorneys. if these things are true, then you should know that this kind of behavior is unacceptable and will not be allowed. faced with the proof out of the tobacco bosses were forced to make decades of secret archives. public series, like the other collection were started out. a few 1000 pages is now up around 93000000 pages. these documents are now kept in the university of san francisco archives. they contain all the details of a massive manipulation of science. the tactics deployed, the researchers recruited and the sums of money involved. among these documents, one internal memo from 1969 sums up on his own what the tobacco industry had

decided to produce doubters our product, since it is the best means of competing with the body of fact that exists in the mind of the general public. it is also the means of establishing a controversy. the key strategy is the creation of doubt about science. doubt is a perfect weapon. it's effective but also pernicious because tao is legitimately part of science. in fact, it to the central driver of science. we investigate things because we have questions about them because we're curious or because we doubt the existing explanation is adequate. so we need doubt in science, the will do it. it will co dash him once to hope that heels. duke battles, you, you don't see this yet. you're less guilty, debbie or no, and the bulk old old me collect 80 hold on appointed book kelly pon don't, but i'll go enough night way. we are still going golf. jenny, linda visually poodle had the city. we saw denila mentioned you funded whitlow, the dot c. as else a mash sell going company to g back to mon only made these the but dies. don't get

strategy. the duty seed of rocket barsoom, seattle's stub exit the 8 their b committed uncles to mutual duke. so what the tobacco industry did was to take a virtue and turning to vice the use of scientific method against science itself. that's what these documents revealed. these windfalls enthuse historians and whistleblowers they have even inspired a new field of study. how many of you before this week? you something about the history of tobacco? yeah, most people. okay. this is naomi roskus teaches her students to identify historical obstructions of science and science. did we know the discovery of this long history of deception has led to a new field of intellectual study and new academic field, and it's called agnes apology. and that means the study of ignorance.

ag no. tal logy was born. now, academics attempt to unravel the main springs of our ignorance to look into what we don't know. a curious field of study. we were laughed at at 1st because people thought it was not academic to study the absence of knowledge to study ignorance. but i think people are, are laughing a bit less now and starting to be a bit worried because we sense and they realize how pervasive the problem might be . mm hm. what prevents us from knowing more people are asking this question, encouraging experts and ignorance to leave their universities and speak out publicly over the course of this talk all introduce different ways of thinking about ignorance and particularly this phrase strategic. we're going to ask you to think a bad example in your own life, a strategic ignorance, illinois for liberals due to woocommerce. yep. diaz. just gather yonce is implement

. she'll conic nipple eco booked. echo little it all. got the rush. that knows the best will get no or pods e x eve murdered. yahoo, okay, why? so we're now invited to look for obstacles to our knowledge. things that holds the progress of science deliberately or not. and sometimes even what we prefer not to know, unraveling. all that is no small issue. that's why the study of ignorance or ag, natalia g needs to progress methodically. and it's a fascinating field of inquiry with contributions from psychology, sociology, history, political science, cognitive science, computer science networks, science. there are lots of disciplines involved that can help us understand how ignorance is being manufactured and how we can protect ourselves against it. with this new awareness is still in its early days. but the

races on because of the strategic production of ignorance continues to be perfected . to debunk it, we must often plunge into the detail of scientific practices in innovations regularly arrived on the market and with them a fair share of suspicion. are they a threat to our health and more importantly, at what dosage. that's the big question, the one that gives rise to the most terrible of battles. one of these battles began in this laboratory one day in 1989. carla sunshine and anna soto are both biologists for years they have been trying to solve the mystery of cellular proliferation and cancer. suddenly,

before they're very eyes, some control cells cultivated in a test tube began to proliferate for no apparent reason. it was a real sherrill caults investigation, trying to find out where it came from because that is the 1st thing you had to do. i then defy what is the source. they review each piece of lab equipment for months of suspense. and finally, they had their culprit, the centrifuge tubes they were made of a material that should have been inert, but wasn't the plastic used contained and dispersed a substance that acted like the hormone estrogen? girls and i were very disturbed by this finding. we thought that this was a big deal if you can find such a substance here,

can it be elsewhere in toys? bottles, food containers in all the plastics that end up in the environment. and how does it affect our organism? look like history said that. um yeah, a doors. okay, let me permit you press hook explore. they saw hiscock boy, boy, hasn't he is a digital ass. if i'm only, mallard, that the effect of product x on health is what is studied by toxicologist. the accepted rule a centuries old. it's simple and seemingly makes good sense. the effect is proportionate to the quantity absorbed. it's true for sugar. it's true for fat. it's true for pretty much any product. according to the rules of toxicology, the dose makes the poison, which by extension means that anything below the dose isn't a poison. according to this rule of plastic with the characteristics of

a hormone that ends up in a baby's mouth should impose any problem. because the quantity of synthetic estrogen ingested is tiny, true or false? this is the crux of the battle unique styles, givequote via shashana county rested in between it becomes al event. upon your experience with 40 shown is anymore le montoya, boise. d, very lex unity. the blessed if you cannot accept louise finra. this has the structure of estrogenic drug. they are using a sex or mon to make plastic. this is insane. for years professor, vom sal and his team observed mice exposed to different doses of bis fina les. to

measure the traces of the product they explored what happens at the limits of detection using ultra sensitive machines. and what they discovered, shook the world of science. in fact, the damage to the reproductive system was occurring at $25000.00 times below what had been considered a dose that would cause no effect. we were absolutely shocked. secretly, i believe it's a considerable pressure. hazel, represent boston, don't tell it, don't go in patty de systems dance. but i've, wow, this, if a breeze on boston, i did those i from disney mal canada's pre fault, it focused on bottle some pre mon passcode laptops and corners. yeah, global there. dest lucidity to similarly true, i ought those, in a test, shamae extend, mahatma lena cdc the same when he coon, or those o'kelly's human. so, i mean journal expos, achy sony doors,

i think this matter i mean, you must, you know, so delegated and as you want to start to stand together, we'll continue to stand together against russia, media in germany. repeat some of the areas that we doubt this made. they noticed video as chunky dawson about their ability to influence other nations, france b, u. k. and even latin america and other countries in future than maybe knew where to high wrong cycle pollution with members of your household. please, please, please, please. we're going to continue to fight. don't you just need to. russia must not be allowed in germany. i don't want y'all to common,

leave it so short. so dean l t d enough ation 5. and the yet actor a indian 80 the not missiles guns until sunday. breaking news. our new german language channel r t d is embroiled in a legal disputes. now as a european regulator, questions it's broadcast license. although our team management stress, the license, was obtained in full compliance with european laws. also ahead today, russia publishes a list of proposals to nate, so for maintaining security. but the countries deputy foreign minister is saying the ball is now in the alliance's court.