ah ah ah ah, failure to allow bond markets to reflect, to market forces as resolved in a biber cation in the economy, where the most carrabas are rewarded for committing crimes. j. p. morgan being a prime example. and if you have morals or ethics, you're penalized. if you're not out there still, it's dealing alluding. then you're going to be homeless. and that's american today

. is that oh er ah, ah. every day more needs more technology available. more comfort? more products on the shelves. ah, and everyday new questions. what is there in our fields on our plate, in our medicines as the industrial era made our world toxic

mm. for concern is growing. citizens accuse industries of hiding the truth from us and industry denies it. how can we judge? so we turn to science, we ask researchers to be the judges of these new battles. for us. we demand that they step into the arena. we're living in a world where there are many people who have a vested interest in fighting information, finding scientific evidence, and discrediting even the notion that science could provide the truth about the natural world. they are constantly seeking to derail science. so we need to identify these attacks to expose the maneuvering of those trying to stand in the way of knowledge. and in that context, it's essential for us to understand who these people are, what they do, why they do it, and how they do it. ah,

and we have to understand how it is that the public sometimes participates in the spreading of this deliberate ignorance. so we need to visit this landscape of manufactured ignorance. in northern greece, like in most of the developed world bees are the victims of an ongoing carnage. well known since the 19 ninety's. this has now become a textbook case, a point from where we can begin our exploration of the manufacturer of ignorance. things always start with an enigma, in greece like elsewhere, experts on bees didn't understand what was happening and why. hey,

this is ethan. how can i missed it? hello, alex ethnic i element does is paula boy, the deputy don't levy news programs everywhere showed beekeepers in total disarray . i here. secondly, a suspect shows up this time. it was a new generation of insecticides in our fields. the mo, the latest baby of the agro chemical industry at the time to pull active ingredients. every syngenta formulation is the result of years of careful investigation and thorough research by our scientists. you moment these new products were spread on our crops down to the draw be started dying in their millions of active ingredients. if the get a message, i'm at the same point is debbie, unequal thirdly, science is asked to investigate. to do so funny how gina has been constantly going back and forth between her hives and her lab. emerson embassy witnessed by the name of the place of almost every benevolent police. but looking for the truth has

proven to be a game of cat and mouse. the usual task for scientists is to retreat into the calm of their labs, then explain what's being observed on the ground. we ask them to shed light on the mystery of the dying bes, just as they have explained so many other phenomena. the role of science is to highlight natural mechanisms and reach an explanation for the slightest observable fact. this is how science normally progresses my solving more and more mysteries and in principle, our knowledge of the world we live and increases. however, this fine principle sometimes has a few hiccups. for scientific observers, the case of the vanishing bees is emblematic of this with something like ease and pesticides, you should have been able to investigate it by collecting data by following the

evidence where it's taking you. the crux of the idea is that when we find the evidence that tells us what's happening, we tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. and we let the chips fall where they may, we commit in a way of, you know, committing to accepting the truth of those findings. but in the case of the bees, that's not exactly how things went in the early to thousands go from a to expert report showed the toxic effect of even very low doses of new nicotine, always on bees. and yet for more than 20 years, there has been no unanimity, no consensus on the link between these pesticides and the disappearance of bees. wire things lagging so much. you need to be a very shrewd observer to see the whole picture. mon,

over at horrid is ebay. yeah, yeah, yeah. but that's got a sunk for bruce doors. yes. psionic was intellectual business in the pathogen that you had with the hello and was image film years. me was history all the malays? partic. i p. gardner, wonky. matthew, that you dial the exact notarial loop one. why? yes, good with his base of as eve, new particularly updated irish to invite you to look was advantage if kate, the cruise until the mornings ploy on where the acura can. if this is a quick search in a scientific study database proves it. as soon as pesticides were suspected, the number of public or private studies focusing on other possibilities skyrocketed . 2010. the veterinary authorities were confused over your ill, a hole in donald buck. and, but they say is pulse could definitely look into the more studies there were, the less beekeepers to make sense of at all. it seems like a paradox until you look back to an older case when you see

a flourishing of new studies emerged in any particular area. a little bit ironically, it creates the appearance of being dedicated to pursuing the truth. but it takes me directly back to the case of big tobacco. we do what's up front at cal and up brown to head up the filter. to understand we need to go back to the 1950s a time when tobacco was treated with total recklessness. so you blend mean on the back? oh boy, the back gate. yeah, that's why, but this recklessness wouldn't last. what does this bottom drain? i just back in december 1953. the bad news broke researchers had just provoked cancer in mice by painting them with tar from cigarette. after this

discovery war broke out, the tobacco companies had a real crisis because they can't contest the evidence and say it's wrong. they can just say we don't know. and so the leaders of all the major cigarette companies got together in new york city. we now know that a meeting took place at the plaza hotel in new york in december, between the bosses of the 7 major manufacturers, collectively known as big tobacco, imagined the scene musket run to the heart of the matter. the meeting would go down in the annals of ignorance, was a challenge to every one of us. and we were all in this together unify. confronted with scientific progress, the cigarette manufacturers came up with a plan. they launched this campaign in which they said, you know,

we're aware of the science, we think there are problems with it and it's a matter of deep concern to us. now we are beginning a campaign to spell out that basic point so that no one will fail to get it. they decided to make a public statement. we are pledging aid and assistance to the research effort into all phases of tobacco use in health. for this purpose, we are establishing a joint tobacco industry group from the tobacco industry research committee. would say, yes. the press published the declaration. tobacco industry distorts scientific research with believe a friends just to feel as for your smoking, pleasure, and protection. every advantage known to modern science just revealed gives you

scientific back then these are plas. don't sound to de la sheshe split the bow. and these pony medical idealists and why missile 2 apples? it'll do some. wow. key voc along cold did don't affect it every nowhere near to these that mittens, he'll speak cold, less young, 8 debbie that's really using science against itself. the explicit use of science again, science i think, does represent a kind of watershed to systematically fund the scientific research in order to undermine science, effectively fighting fire with fire, that's a watershed moment. so after they do side of this, how did they operationalize in one of the things the tobacco companies funded a lot of what i call distracting research labs, backed by the cigarette manufacturers, defined research, projects known as special projects, bore, espied a whole arsenal,

for diverting science they researched for example, lung cancer and non smokers. they searched for links to habitat working conditions, personal habits. they experimented on rabbits to see if lung cancer could be caused by toxins or viruses. big tobacco thus generously financed hundreds of research projects. some of these projects turned out to be very useful, such as research into the precursors of cardiovascular disease. put others were totally wacky. can egg yolk or tomato juice on the skin, lead to tumors. what's the link between lung cancer and baldness, or between the same cancer and the month of birth? if you were born in march, claimed one study, you were more at risk before gently a play goes at the open bite delila conditions equal to point that the locals see the so me been yada new i young of was so down enough to get you into any,

a convincing strategy because the lung cancer can probably be explained by a combination of factors. identifying the different risk factors as normal in size . multiplying avenues of research seems totally legitimate. but it can also be extremely handy for so in confusion it becomes almost impossible to prove the suspect's guilt. and that's the aim that's extremely well understood. and that designed play book for pretty much every other science denial that has followed this the story about tobacco. this is a story about acid rain. this is a story about the ozone hole. this is a story about pesticides. this is the story about climate change. you know, nick attorney's been all 8th conscious. f 2 pills. i mean, we have now seen the strategy used over and over and over again about

buying time. a similarly in strategic daniel, in the case of tobacco, it's 70 years already and it's still going. mm. ah ah, is your media a reflection of reality? ah, in the world transformed what will make you feel safer? high solution for community. are you going the right way? where are you being led somewhere? direct. what is true? what is great? in the world corrupted, you need to descend

a join us in the depths. or remain in the shallows. oh right now, there are 2000000000 people who are overweight or obese. it's profitable to sell food that is fatty and sugary and salty and addicted. it's not individual level, it's not individual. well now, or if we go on believing that will never change this obesity epidemic, that industry has been influencing very deeply. the medical and scientific establishment. mm. so what's driving the obesity epidemic? it's corporate with,

in the case of the dying bees, the advancement of knowledge has also been deliberately slowed down. is they have all the may or left that i'll be honest v. i went to back many equal submitted on the hung up. so we're talking about decades of this information and decades of delay in the meantime, the companies are still making gobs of money. mm hm. mm mm. mm. when a scientific line has been constructed over several decades, where do the 1st cracks begin to appear?

40 years after the 1st alerts on tobacco, somewhere in the u. s. a humble employee performed an act that would change everything. ah, the box he sent finally arrived in california at the university of san francisco. on that day, professor glance was in for a surprise on may 12th 1994, a box of documents landed in my office for an anonymous worse. these were internal documents from at the very highest levels of the tobacco industry. their senior scientists, their senior lawyers, their senior management, their senior public relations, people talking very, very frankly about what they knew about the dangers of smoking in this was an on hope for treasure, for the professor. it was like

a new world stumbling into a new world. taxis, the leaked documents, increased in numbers. the truth broke. the tobacco industry bosses were cornered gentlemen. the reason disclosure of documents have shaken my confidence that your company's care about the truth. these documents suggest possible manipulation of scientific research by industrial attorney. if these things are true, then you should know that this kind of behavior is unacceptable and will not be allowed. faced with approve at it, the tobacco bosses were forced to make decades of secret archive. public series like that. and the collection was started out. a few 1000 pages is now up around 93000000 pages. oh, these documents are now kept in the university of san francisco archive. they contain all the details of a massive manipulation of science. the tactics deployed,

the researchers recruited and the sums of money involved. among these documents, one internal memo from 969 sums up on his own. what the tobacco industry had decided to produce doubt as our product since it is the best means of competing with the body of fact that exists in the mind of the general public. it is also the means of establishing a controversy. the key strategy is the creation of doubt about science. dow is a perfect weapons, it's effective but also pernicious because tao is legitimately part of science. in fact, it to the central driver of science. we investigate things because we have questions about them because we're curious or because we doubt the existing explanation is adequate. so we need doubt in science the will do it. it will coll directions once to help us hills. duke battles. yo yo don't see of this. yo yo left elsie terribly window on the bank also. roads me collect 80. hold on a put a duke kelly pon don't,

but i'll go enough night way. we are still going. golly galena, missouri, or peter missouri. we said denila mentioned your funded whitlow, the dot c. as else are mash, sell county company the to g that to more only made these the but days don't get strategy. the duty seed of rocket barsoom seattle's. stubb. accept the 8 doubly committal uncles who measles. duke, so what the tobacco industry did was to take a virtue and turning to vice the use of scientific method against science itself. that's what these documents revealed. these windfalls enthuse historians and whistleblowers. they have even inspired a new field of study avenue before this week. you something about the history of tobacco? yeah, most people. okay. this is naomi roskus teaches her students to identify historical obstructions of science of science. did we know the discovery of this long history

of deception has led to a new field of intellectual study and new academic field, and it's called agnew itala gee. and that means the study of ignorance. ag no. tal logy was born. now, academics attempt to unravel the main springs of our ignorance to look into what we don't know. a curious field of study. we were laughed at at 1st because people thought it was not academic to study the absence of not to study ignorance. but i think people are, are, are, are laughing a bit less now and starting to be a bit worried because we sense and they realize how pervasive the problem might be . mm hm. what prevents us from knowing more people are asking this question encouraging expert in ignorance, to leave their universities and speak out publicly. but over the course of the top . oh, introduce different ways of thinking about ignorant and particularly this phrase

strategic ignorance. we're going to ask you to think about example in your own life, a strategic ignorance or no fault liberals don't woocommerce. yep. did yos. just gather your answers. every man shall conduct winnipeg equal booked. echo little is all. got the hush met those of us. what get no or pods e x eve murdered? yahoo. okay. what? yeah. so we're now invited to look for obstacles to our knowledge. things that holds the progress of science deliberately or not. and sometimes even what we prefer not to know, unraveling all that is no small issue. that's why the study of ignorance or ag, natalia g needs to progress methodically. and it's a fascinating field of inquiry with contributions from psychology, sociology, history, political science, cognitive science, computer science, network, science. there are lots of disciplines involved that can help us understand how

ignorance is being manufactured and how we can protect ourselves against it. with this new awareness is still in its early days. but the races on because of the strategic production of ignorance continues to be perfected . to debunk it, we must often plunge into the detail of scientific practices. new innovations regularly arrived on the market and with them a fair share of suspicion. are they a threat to our health and more importantly, at what dosage last? the big question, the one that gives rise to the most terrible of battles. one of these battles began in this laboratory one day in 1989 carlos

sunshine. and anna soto are both biologists. for years, they had been trying to solve the mystery of cellular proliferation and cancer. suddenly before they're very eyes, some control cells cultivated in a test tube began to proliferate. for no apparent reason. it was a real cheryl coldness investigation, trying to find out where it came from. because that is the 1st thing you had to do . i then defy what is the source they review each piece of lab equipment for months of suspense. and finally, they hand their culprit, the centrifuge tubes. they were made of a material that should have been inert, but wasn't the plastic used contained and dispersed a substance that acted like the hormone estrogen?

girls and i were very disturbed by this finding. we thought that this was a big deal. if you can find such a substance here, can it be elsewhere in toys? bottles, food containers in all the plastics that end up in the environment and how does it affect our organism? look like history said that um yeah, the doors. okay, let lieutenant press hook because they saw hiscock boy a boy, hasn't it is a digital ass. if i'm all i mailed it with the effect of product x on health, is what is studied by toxicologist. the accepted rule a centuries old. it's simple and seemingly makes good sense. the effect is proportionate to the quantity absorbed. it's true for sugar. it's true for fat. it's true for pretty much any product. according to the rules of toxicology,

the dose makes the poison. which by extension means that anything below the dose isn't a poison. according to this rule of plastic, with the characteristics of a hormone that ends up in a baby's mouth should impose any problem. because the quantity of synthetic estrogen ingested is tiny. true or false? this is the crux of the battle yoni styles, cavalry shashana county rested in between. it becomes i'll give it upon your experience. fully shown is any will about while boise d very next unity. the blessed. if you cannot accept a new spin on this as the structure oh and estrogenic drug, they are using a sex or mon to make plastic. this is insane. for

years, professor vom sal and his team observed mice exposed to different doses of bis fini lay. to measure the traces of the product they explored what happens at the limits of detection using ultra sensitive machines. and what they discovered, shook the world of science. in fact, the damage to the reproductive system was occurring at $25000.00 times below what had been considered a dose that would cause no effect. we were absolutely shocked. simplicity harmless. considerable pre your hazel, represent boston, don't tell it, don't go in patty decisions. don't put that. wow. this if a bruise on bottom, i did those. i think disney mal candy, those pre fault, if a question about on some pre own passcode books, the coroner's, you hang them on their test lucidity to similarly true or to those in

a test shami x time. uh huh. lena? city theater. same when he couldn't, or those o'kelly's human. so i mean, sure no explicit. he saw the doors. i think it is mad ah, failure to allow bond market to refer to market forces has resulted in a bifurcation in the economy where the most corrupt are rewarded for committing crimes. jamie morgan being a prime example. and if you have morals or ethics you're penalized. if you're not out there still stealing alluding, then you're going to be almost. and that's american today. is that a

ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha ha. hey, dunaway you said i had been allowed them to get outside on mechanic and by then coffee for sure. and i believe by then is a shift of on a 1st going on. what torrison? oh, uh huh. so with the polk multiple in jamaica. so that gives you a few. how was the shows oh, here, mazda due to the phone with what i can look at. what else is it month? a philosophy?

hold on. hello hm. finish. hey, do like a a what i can maybe maybe i'm not even with can. ah, our new german language channel, our t d e, is embroiled in a legal dispute, has europe's media regulator questions. it's broadcast license ortiz management stresses the license was obtained in full compliance with european law. russia publishes the list of proposals to nato, for maintaining security with the countries deputy foreign minister saying the ball is now in the alliances court when it comes to de escalation. also we dig into disturbing revelations that the manchester arena suicide bomber had links to

a former nato soldier.