of late capitalism and with the world future energy summit underway this week in one of the world's highest per capita greenhouse gas emitters, the u. e. we ask whether world leaders are turning a blind eye to environmental racism dollars or more coming out today's going underground. the 1st 30 years ago today, japanese prime minister catching me as our apologize for the sexual slavery of korean women during world war 2. and 15 years later, the hand of the doomsday clock struck 5 minutes to midnight after north korean missile testing. but for all the turbulent history and ongoing war with its northern counterpart, south careers become a cultural power house. joining me now from california is professor union kim, author of hedge, a monic mimicry, korean popular culture of the 21st century. thank you so much professor vera, that coming on the show to korea arguably on show at the beginning of 2022 we've got came jargon, overseeing successful hypersonic miss aisles that can read sure. you are a new c, irvine. so there in about 25 minutes, who knows? at the same time we see o young to winning a golden globe for

a squid game. what is behind the ag, global cultural rise is half career? well, you can probably sum it up as, as 2 things as, as korea, like north korea has had enormous success economically over the, you know, past for decades of 1st he was called a miracle on the river han that has given an impetus, right to turn yourself around i'm in the global, i don't know, a village as popular culture. i think you know, power house as you put it. and then the other thing is democratization that took place in south korea on like north korea. obviously, that really took a form of, again, open societies, south korea, now our guarantees, you know, freedom speech, ah, that allows, obviously artistic output to be not restrained by supported even by the government

. you know, so that has been taken a form of unprecedented cultural in the sense that you have now a witnessing in square game parasite, you know, keep up and as such, or bed attenuated by criticism is like a huge state subsidy state. the power of propaganda models. i mean if the word had gemini comes from my, the italian communist graham, she, her, what exactly is hedge a monic mimicry, the title of your book? well, i and try to conceptualize how, you know, i mean, yes, there's been charge an accusation of korean. barbara, korean cinema, korean drama to be largely, you know, parenting or actually copying out the western models. there's usually an accusation that there's nothing actually new under the sun when it comes to korean cultural products. and i try to re situated and say, listen, every time that there is

a cultural, you know, kind of again power emerging is usually of form of mimicry that actually takes place. and then it has a way of, you know, elevating itself. and that's one of the reasons why you have mimicry as not, you know, certain of a secondary, i think, conceptualization, but i say is the most important criteria when it comes to cultural production. and how you actually get to obviously had demonic status. that one that actually takes place in an ambivalent kind of a form of germany is, is how i actually reposition i korean pod, popular culture within the global, you know, our village, albeit, that we're gonna get loads of complaints. as you criticize, cape op and sensation bands like a b t, as for lacking innovation in

a global context. and you somehow put that down to these complex her ideas of where korea situates itself. i mean, you even see parallels between france fan all the retro to the earth and his or martinique versus france, korea versus japan. and of course the horrific american british occupation what 20 percent of korea killed by the korean war. so there are a couple of things. one korean colonial experiences a lot different uh from you know, the kind of a colonial experience. the indians are, you know, a caribbeans had gone through under french or, you know, british, you know, colonial occupation before the war 2. that's one of the things that i want to stress, especially because i koreans had to learn japanese, right? in order to become legitimately elite during koreans

colonial occupation, there was by, you know, manage and control by japanese. however, when japan lost a war i anymore were during the war war 2 for better or for worse, cruise lost at least status. not only, you know, politically and economically are also culturally as well because they had now re learned, especially south koreans and north koreans. also re learned another language, right. in the case of south koreans, english. right. because he was, it was now occupied by american military in the north of 30, at parallel, you had to, north korea, had to realer chinese and russians, russian language in order to actual, legitimate themselves as, as elite. so whereas, you know, i'm for, indians didn't have to switch languages, so there was big, kind of a, again, rupture in terms of continuity of colonial experience. i mar by koreans, ah, during the, during the middle of the 20th century and military, i,

military. okay. i says military occupation is incredibly important. i mean, you say that the home of the popular culture can, i mean, we know that the allegedly, the use of sex workers increases wherever u. s. military forces are stationed. but unlike i dunno in germany, we have military u. s. military on in britain, on bases here in britain. you say the african american experience rather than old japan, became the musical influence and out of which grew. now we happened and cable for cable recently in falling rub. so i, that's an important exposure. unlike again, frankfurt or oki, now are, you know, which obviously for the past 75 years, you had america, military bases and south korea, american military presence was lot limit to just one region and that, or one city that's the big difference in terms of again, south korean, again, exposure to american military of experience compared to japanese or german

korean. in korea, there are hundreds of military bases larger because of the korean war. i think that became very pervasive and ubiquitous. and in some way, yes, it was. as you talk about the sex workers and those things around america mosier basis, those are negative experiences. but what seems to me missing here is also some of the positive right experiences that careers have enjoy. that is one, you know, 1st person exposure to the african american culture which, which was fascinating for many koreans. and you had 3 generations starting from 1950 that really establish a true kind of form, a partnership between korean, a cultural, again, producers, an artist with a get hundreds of thousands of african american soldiers that came through korea.

and so i emphasized that relationship as one of the buddy ah, blossoming, you know, religion that eventually made his way to cape up, get us one of the things that i do stress convent. not alone and convenient though, to lose the political folk experience that alone the old japanese influenced her music for the authorities, the dictatorship of as the 600000 african american soldiers from the united states changed the music scene. convenient for the authorities, not to it. you know, as an a progressive music of the kinds he during the vietnam war in the united states. yeah, very so, i mean, this was, this was kind of ironic for military dictators in south korea throughout, you know, seventy's and eighty's because, you know, they have to love americans. right. what are the heart of the things that they love, americans turned out to be, you know,

racialized their content and in some way subversive kind of form. so you know, integration that day that you had to tolerate at some point. and so it was a kind of, again, mix and match kind of policy had to exercise when he come to american, again, cultural influence that began to dominate in the seventy's and eighty's. everybody love, you know, if you're actually, you know, somebody who was into music or into film into, again, like popular culture. almost every korean loved american music for it was actually not only pleasurable, but he was also, you know, because the culture movement in the 1969 to somebody's. it was actually subversive in some way. yeah, i went to the politicos version of the mimicry as it were, you know, in a moment i returned to in a 2nd, but i should just quickly say the mimicry manifest itself, even in the covey response in south korea. yeah, this one of the minor points that i tried to make again the book was written largely enough before cove it to place. and i try to make an argument in my for

those i was actually writing during the midst of condemning, i was really bored and i was trying to think about ok, why is korean response so brilliant. you know, at the early stage of the south korea model, you know, the response to the cove it was rated number one, you know, he was given the alias, a lot of actually for in media actually pointed out that south queens are doing really well. one reason was that they were able to adopt what was, you know, western technology that came through the p c r and was able to translate and was able to have a rapid response to the covey the outbreak using yes, western picnic western medicine technology well was able to incorporate it and make it to a practice that was made, you know, as you probably know, why spread kind of testing that was made available to the general public very,

very quickly. and there were also able to turn their practice into a global success because they met many how the testing company we're, you know, the makers manufacturers of these, you know, covey response test case became global again, successful. uh, pharmaceutical companies, a bit better have been rather than the or a bit better than your professor president joe biden. i think. hm, yeah. what about the fact that this version now, when it comes to popular culture has resulted in things like squid game and parasite, which have been seen in certainly in nato countries, as, as scathing critiques of late capitalism, of a kind of a kind of a, with a kind of violence, not, not seen, you know, we have, we have lots of film directors and from the new will vog onwards in the nato countries criticizing late capitalism. this, this is

a whole new dimension to the hatred of her, of neoliberalism. yeah, i mean, you have to understand a makers a parasite and as we game respectively, you know, pompano and, and, and donna are, these are the, the writer directors of a, you know, a feature film, a parasite and you know, the stressful netflix drama swinggate their products of yes, you know, korean, what it, what we call a 386 generation who actually grew up with, you know, democratization movement when they're young in car campuses in the eighty's ninety's. but also they ended up watching not heating american cinema, but really loving american cinema violent kind of wines that came out about in the you, americans in my movement, the 6 and 7 send packing park or a martin scorsese. and these are the kind of films that they actually watched in

love and said, i can turn this around, right. make it into our own. try to set it in again, you korean. so to political kind of setting and see if i can actually incorporate them into, into, into a new drama that they wanted to add to pursue in their own storytelling. right. so in many ways, american embracing americans in amana heating it helped in a bet, a korean filmmaking and korean, you know, a drama production to reach a level that it was, again, on present to the outside of western world. you know today, pres, i'll stop you that more from the author of had you're wanting mimicry, korean popular culture of the 21st century after this, your break plus is chemical warfare being waged against communities of color and nature nations. we investigate environmental racism, all of them all coming up about to have going on the ground.

ah. gothic will find out about the skill. courtney? anybody's. keith is going to push and push it. if i had a event there just somebody. somebody put up a few minutes. that was 3. see what i still love to sell it at the but i booked with loaner vehicle me in your school because you believe about what will give you hope. all right, from what you what we believe. if you know what you just follow up on it that you like it, but you offer a pretty weaker lia from a body shop for documents that are in your bill with them.

ah with welcome back. i'm still here with professor union cam. the author of hedge a monic, mimic great korean popular culture, the 21st century, given the levels of subsidy to popular culture, the cable bands and the you, you go through them. how is it that they get through?

whereas in ne donations, you don't, i mean, often the progressive filmmakers often say and band say they can't get the money to do what they're doing. and they're a similar state capture by private companies. when it comes to a culture, i mean, you, you go through talking about samsung, of course, and it's a close relationship with government. of course, the united states, as apple and amazon. yeah. so you have to take that with the green song. i don't think again like the sub city kind of argument. listen, you know, all of these cream filmmakers, korea, of popular music artist they get paid by the government is, is somewhere not, you know, it's not a fabrication, but it's not the entire truth either. you know, yes, to grove miss miss a lot of money, especially in the form of again education, also subsidizing in some ways in the art how theaters you know, just like i think, you know, many of the western world does also, you know,

it actually models itself ok, when you 1st began in the kim dae jung era, you know, this was late, 99 eat. when. when south korea 1st started looking at, you know, culture as potentially up, you know, i don't know a cash cow uh for, for, for the, for the country at, you know, 2025 years ago. looked at the models of b, f. i, you know, brisk film institute, good to, you know, institute of germany and try to say, listen, you know, there is, is subsidy models that are out there, you know, in the western world, how can we incorporate this and make it into a manifestation so that we can help this young artist in the long run, right? but largely it is pure liberal capitalism. that is a play that allows you know, intense competition to be held. among the filmmakers among, you know, the young, a pop artist and gum ruin such to plays again and limited role, not,

not the ways in which you actually try to conceptualize, in his fullest, you know, kind of absolute terms in the context of what you say is the jer, drastic parker, the theory of soft power, of culture, changing perceptions of countries. i'm just going to finish about them. you know, we have the queen's platinum jubilee here, and there announcing that cost. i think you have bake off in the usa, mary barry who's been on this program is all a big part of this. tell me about korean and look bang and what i use him to say, hey, it is almost angry to tell us what it is. and how it arguably is emblematic of a kind of a late capitalist, her idea of consumerism and access and, and symptomatic of inequality actually. yeah. i mean mcclung is, i mean, is the, the literal translation is a lot, you know, live e cast. there are a petite, usually women that, you know, eat enormous right?

amount of food for about hour to a lot of people now, especially in korea and also were a why tend to eat alone. this is one of the phenomena that i think you know, is, is very important to, to, to understand about mcmann and they need, you know, companionship and to get it through again, social media and as well as you know, you to live brock as a mock one is in some way very pivotal in, in allowing their cyber form of companionship to emerge. you know, at a time when were increasingly being alienated and you know, isolated, especially during the namak. so those are the things that i think allowed us as a mom to take place in the context of korea 1st and then you know, are widespread really were a why today? yeah, yeah. and in the context of population decline over 21,

professor union, him. thank you. welcome. ah, now industry leaders around the world are meeting for the world future energy, some of the one of the world's highest per capita. greenhouse gas image is the u. e . today conference will focus on breakthrough clean technologies and innovations, arguably ignoring the ongoing issue of environmental racism. joining me now from ontario and canada is a leading voice on the subject. go to ingrid waldron, hope chair in peace and health at mcmaster university. thank you so much for dr. waldron, for coming on. it's been quite a week in the past. well, quite a few days, jo. biden's job reported environmental justice officials to see their martinez quit in the past few days. my suppose you'd say that environmental racism is part of environmental justice. what is environmental racism? festival? yes. and environmental racism are often used interchangeably,

but they are very different to racism. is actually the condition of the problem. it's the notion that government sites are located in that field, her disproportionately, in indigenous communities, communities, and other racialized communities in north america. and you can find that around the world, environmental justice would be the tools and the resources that you need to identify . the more you address, if you have to talk about a policy in canada and around the world, it, but it's different to say the way disproportionately people of color affected by karone of ours. well, yeah, i mean, that's one of the things that are iris are, you know, we recognize that a problem. i was environmental reasoning. why many people who always tend to be disproportionately impacted by how many social ills,

as well as how it is people who are racial, i, i mean, i realize people are always high. so that's why looking at those intersections, or race and social class, and in already we're talking about environmental racism or issues. we talk about a lot on going underground, you know, your prime minister just intruders. on the record, you're saying it is a fundamental economic responsibility for the prime minister of canada to help get our resources to global market. and at the same time, you've had some success with bill c, 230-2631 mil, c 230 is how that fits in with true to max of about the importance of for getting resources from your country to global market. well, there are b, b 30, why?

it's not a federal environmental racism bill and it was based on a 20 percent. i've been trying to get a get it in 2020 and actually was doing really well. it was approved that amendment was approved and reading and everything suggested that it was a happens all my numbers don't die, so there is no longer however, are you with a letter from i mr. lee last year and various asked bill c $230.00 that in that letter. so there is a late and the end of the crucial aspects of the bill. i received a letter prioritizing the cleanup. i

a look at environmental justice. well, i yeah, you spearheaded your film as a huge amount of success. i think people can see it on, on netflix. does this bill have more power than say, lee new york city bill that was just going through in the u. s. which has talked about the importance of environmental cleanup and so forth. i mean, trans national companies, will they be fined for polluting areas of, of canada 1st nations areas. and so now i don't really ready to go that. i mean, it's taking so long to get this bill passed. i don't think i'm

yes, i think right now i'm canadian nice and i think it's a canada. so i start with that. we have a many times. i step by step for me. that was great. right. given how long i a funny to me, i'm quite the in fan is to to know and racism. i mean, they've agreed what to billions and billions of reform for us nations child welfare off to that terrible history in your country. but just give us a take on the level of cancer that you allege is disproportionately affecting people of color in canada that you directly link to multi national capital

communities. i was saying that they are close to some of these really they believe that there's a link between industry surrounding communities. you know, i range of different types of i know sometimes the gender, that gender a rounded by over 50 petrochemical industry are normally i raise a cancer reproductive in mortality. premature birth or me. i know for me, but yes, very strongly that there's something going on because the community, so most of these petrochemical and these are so many of them surrounding community . so something is going on and with canada,

they are worse than any other community on various, particularly with respect to answer and mental health. well, i think, you know, it had done quite a bit. i think when we have been going on a long time and they haven't been addressed as well, what companies involved, obviously, did i any link between the petrochemical industry and any of those phenomena? some might say that bringing those companies on to democratic control nationalization would have more impact democratic control. i just find the i better off because i know you've been treating about it. and even mainstream media covered the name bell hooks who died in the past month or so ago, mainstream media covered it. do you think? what do you think she would have thought of the way she was portrayed by so called mainstream corporate media? i, i think when i started my see,

i don't know because i was doing a black and i know somebody who i don't know what i like about a letter, right. or i somebody for one of her. so this is what i admire most about her not only, you know, would be sent to what she did around last minute analysis for strong women. you know what others think about her legacy surmise who are impacted by work i or no training with waldron. thank you. thank you very much. that's over the show will be back on wednesday when law is jeffrey epstein, prince andrew, associated in alleged most assets. gillian maxwell had you to submit the motion for

a new trial after she was found guilty of sex trafficking until then keep in touch to social media. and that doesn't have you think enough is being done to tackle environmental racism a wrong i just don't know. i mean, with an engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves will depart, we choose to look for common ground. a

protests are wrapped in europe. other countries, rochester, up new restrictions making the lives of black st. hesitant. people ever more complicated. more so ahead, a scientists predict all me crohn will rapidly become the dominant strain of cobit globally. this year. the world health organization tell us, next we'll get through the toll relief tweaks is equivalent, increase the number of actions around the world as we see on current become you can dominant area. so the sheer number of infections will bring a more people to hospitals. and in from to presidential candidates reg.