exactly what will be in his program. elise has taken mack guns ideas from his 2017 campaign. and since then you could all get his political leanings had taken a sharp turn to the right. however, the real concern right now is white. so many young people feel out of step with those aiming to try to run the country and how close to they selection candidates can find a way to engage them shortly. debowski asi paris. my thanks for keeping his company here in asi international will be back again at the top of the hour. wait with all the latest boy. ah ah ah

ah . mm oh, when i was showing wrong, well please just don't hold any world yet to shape out. disdain becomes the advocate and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves worlds apart, we choose to look so common ground. a

hello and welcome welcome back to so if you can visionaries me, sophie shepard, not. this is our 2nd half of in depth conversation with brilliant mind, complete genius, nobel prize winner, professor at gerhardt, that host talking about whether quantum mechanics and quantum physics is just a probability and more of an esoteric notion rather than a precise science. it looks as if the whole universe was in its simplest possible form when everything got started and all that needed to be done as someone to pull the switch, not literally both turn well metaphorically and then universe starts expanding

or so where those equations come from. and, and who pulls the switch? that is not the kind of question that science can answer. where is it that the micro world ends and the micro universe begins? where is this not truly, these 2 are totally different worlds effect all just one world. so all those stars and planets for time, roaming around your universe, they're built on the same particles that you study in our laboratories into smaller units of matter, sort of small units of matter. make up everything. so if, in principle, if you would know exactly what the laws are that move these particles around, then we can understand how stars and planets are made, how galaxies are made of size and so on. and if a whole new versus made. so there's no fundamental boundary between those world his whole dice very carefully, you know how to make it to success, right?

there is a very, a job edition might be able to, to die such a way. jones gets to sixes if knows exactly how that works. very hard, the principal possible. so that's the, that's what we want in quantity we can use, well, we think of something underneath that says there's no should to 6 at all. can we can she is just a, a bad language of something that's much better, but we don't understand what it is. if you're saying that there is no dice and everything is actually predicted in even a magician, if he's a really good trained, one can put a dies the way that it is 6. if he wants to, then does this mean that there is no place in this universe for a chance? no, quite the contrary. as i said, the particles that the world are made of are so complex that some of their properties will be for ever unpredictable is too complicated. and certainly

a wholesale human brain i can possibly predict what you're going to think next is hopeless. you can't even tie, but quite generally speaking, there are so many particles in this universe that you can't predict what they're going to do, even though their laws will be deterministic. they are simply too complicated. and this is a little bit too complicated, but fundamentally far too complicated for us to put a exactly what they are doing. but more to the point is we don't even have the right language to do so. so the quantum language, the do use is so much suited to the idea of making statistical predictions that using that language, we can't even say for certainty where a particle is going. so we need to modify our language and i'm convinced that this is something in, in our future of, in the future of science to figure out language that doesn't need statistics. not for particularly for the aim of trying to predict better than anybody else. what's happening both the fact of any particles forgot that you company your goal. so as

soon as you say that there's room for chance because you can't predict that his particles are going. so you can't predict what the outcome of such gram this does a meteorite coming, speeding in our direction, you can, no one is found, whereas with it's feet way too complicated. so forget it. but what i don't want to forget is the idea that the should exist. laws that tell you that the tell every single particle exactly we're actually going up approximately all of us will faces exactly where the particle is going. but we are all those laws. and today, is it possible to formulate such laws because they're using language? so when you're saying that i have heard in one of your choice, you're saying that there is a level of reality of physics that a human insert. then quantum mechanics is this what you mean? are you studying the language i had her of, i mean that there is a language where you don't need fairly familiar quantum concepts for his account of

quantum mechanics. it looks as if our universe is, is actual only one of many universes. it looks as if there's a universe of universes. that's the way the gracious i eye construct it. but it's wrong. i don't believe there are very many universes. i think there's only one. all those others i've movers that didn't materialize. it was a probability was just there was just to upon what did happen not to happen. only one universe came out as the universe that we are in. and we can calculate the probability, if we will be able to do the calculation with invalid precision, that probability will be one that all the probabilities be 0, but we can't calculate was in the position, hopeless, shouldn't even tie. so we find this universe is a most likely universe, from our perspective, doesn't mean that any other universe exist or soul, or that no other universe could exist. but there is only a world, but you know how most of the people's believe that universe is antlers. and

a lot of professors actually claim and believe that to and i was reading the nature astronomy magazine, an article and they were saying they had this supposition that actually universe might be, might not be endless. for instance, if you were to start walking in one direction, that eventually eventually you would come back home. what could that be true? i mean, it is, what do you make of it? and if our reality has borders, suppose that it has borders ways beyond them. so i sympathize a lot with a theory that says universe is bound it in a sense that the surface of the earth is bounded right. in ancient times, people thought issue traveling on the actual fuel. you end up and new countries forever, you'll never return. but now we know you did the to see is

a sphere. if you are fast, if you will fall off who and, and the other side of a came from and your back home. so i would like to, and vision that you knew does it also the universe, if you live and it's just like that, you all in one direction. you will return from the other side and what beyond it. and so there is nothing beyond that that because there's no other dimensions than the inches that here you're looking at on planet earth in 2 dimensions it's, it's is rounded and it's a sphere. but there's a 3rd dimension which is height, elevation above the account. and that still seems to be in an infinite dimension, but that's only because we don't, we don't know about the universe being returned to back to itself. the equations we have for the course was certainly allow the situation in principle. so the allow the notion that the universe is by critic sphere, but in one dimension higher than the planet to us. so that also the concept of

height that is included in this picture. so all 3 dimensions will return, then you go faster far enough. that's in principle possible, and i will find that more satisfactory as a theory of universe, but i can't tell god of all to do so maybe the reality is something different. but it isn't for me, for me to be very pleasing to see a theory for univers itself. also completely fine. i in that sense, then you don't need any boundary, just like there's no boundaries anywhere on the planet earth to say you can go to here. we go any further. rather, some places heard so difficult to walk into like on particle. that doesn't mean some factor is only different from that us. yes. i don't know if you've heard you're a korean colleagues, scientists, they have recently suggested that dark energy, the thing that actually expense our universe may not really exist. so

dark energy is one of the deep puzzles of today's cosmologies signs of the cosmos. and i sign when he introduced generativity, he already noticed there's a one term in that you could add was your dissipation. and that term will modify the shape of the universe. and in the beginning you needed that down. then you realize he could do without them. so i said that was an hour, i should have never had introduced that to them. but it is nice and who's going to tell what are the terms there is experiments, experimental observations, and then for some decades there were a schnauzer observations that accumulated saying that there is a very small constant in answer secretions that tells you that there's something to knock on dark energy and decreases, work much better with dark energy than that out. but now recently in california for saying that they have over estimated the accuracy of the previous observations,

there could be some effect that wasn't taken properly into account in the beginning . and so the conclusion that he had to on previously that there is such a term as eyes on predictions that might be wrong. and actually a term might be 0. i would find is a much more understandable if the term brazil said there is no such don't. if, even if that term is 0, that would still be a problem because the natural will be, will be, why is it 0? why did nature for bits such a term? and i, it's just because of my lack of fantasy, i can't imagine any other value than 0 for that term because if it is us, it is a valued at the cost model. you said i would have a big difficulty understanding where that value comes home because it doesn't fit all the other numbers in the universe. it doesn't fit with the forces that particles have on each other. it doesn't fit into our field gravity very well. it's just there. no, no, yes. so is,

is it doesn't look right. but i can't come with more valid objections than that. i, my only objection is i don't like that term. i wish it was 0. that's not good enough for any scientists. so they all look at me and they'll, they'll just say, okay, you said that i would just continue. and so i, i think it would be more satisfactory as a starting point, that the universe has no such term. but eventually, i don't know, even if it has not turned out, need more understanding as to why there is no such term. and there's also, we don't understand to be professor, we're going to take a short break right now when we're back, we'll continue talking to professor care. heard that often talking about the way universe functions. stay with

a join me every thursday on the alex simon. sure. but i'll be speaking to guess of the world politics sport business. i'm sure business. i'll see you then. oh, is your media a reflection of reality? in the world transformed? what will make you feel safer? isolation for community. are you going the right way, or are you being that somewhere? direct?

what is true or his faith in the world corrupted. you need to descend a join us in the depths or remain in the shallows. with james all down through here. all of mr. larry over here. so your camps are always a little nicer than this. this is evidence of absolute poverty, despair. people in our city and other cities all across america are living like this. we're at the original, eat, and village that opened up in 2018 right now. there's 31 homes on the property. it's a little over 4 acres with 31 homes and a community center. unfortunately, a lot of people don't make it out of edition more homelessness,

and i'm just really happy that i made it. her dad you with a chinese issue and sending them from dosher she can. hi, sharon michelle is right. ah with him i let me like a 30 latoya this to regroup my roof. she been wholesale, allan kelly, recurring court, and i renew massage marquee assured that 1000th of london. keep to our lord madam for should be the best times to i must be lucky. i consent fatima sat magole north

about a more quickly, closer locust. yes. did you myakea dare to push him um, with your marks up the one that i love. thump . ah ah. and we're back with noble prize winner. professor gerhardt at hoff talking about the universe professor when i was a kid and it was to soviet union. and i'm because moses was like

a huge thing. we had cost menard's, americans had astronaut and there are national heroes. and m i thing like every other. so the acute, including myself, i want to be a ballerina or a costume or not. it was this complete, not even a dream. it seemed like it was our future. it seemed like everything that was up there, cuz most is, is where we're gonna end up all the literature that we read, that were loved so much, it was about that. and then the quantum physics income in lena, again with it. and we're thinking that this is it, you know, we understand everything. so the next step is up there. 40 years later, the only thing i understand that we're definitely not going into cost moses. we know nothing about it. i'm. we still don't know so much about the quantum physics, the only future that actually turned out to be my present is smartphone and virtual

reality. do you thing that my generation, i mean, how long am i going to leave another 40 years? maybe will with luck. i'm just want to the virtual reality over there is still a chance of me stepping on some planet out there. that certain that's a good question. i don't know. i also thought that in this space, technology will develop faster and by 22 in the dental dental. i was also a kid after 2020 so far way. by that time we'll be walking on promises or venus or whatever. and you'd be running around to spaceships all the time. that hasn't any period, lice, it's a lot more difficult than people realize in the early days. and the same for a nuclear energy, by the way, i thought or energy will be nuclear and it wouldn't be able to, would need to pollute. i have to serve as carbon dioxide because he wouldn't burn

fossil fuels who just using free energy. what's so, why don't you do that? and it all means that the questions are more difficult than originally realized. i also think that i would, i'm also surprised that and i think artificial intelligence didn't develop faster than it actually is doing. i thought, but by this time all computers will be at least as intelligent as human beings themselves. and that also the theory lies. i think some of these things will come. i think that the causal spell not literally the cultural. so if you talk to one just but article our extension to deep space, do you still think it's possible? what do you call the space the solar system? can we reach you some useful planet in it? or we are constantly. yeah. well, wait a minute, don't go too fast. okay, marty. our solar system has

a bunch of objects which are suitable for human life in principle. and they'll be very uncomfortable unless technology improves a lot. will have to be able to make very expensive homes on, on those places. and i think in principle, technically it's possible we've already sent our robots to myers and many other places in the in universe. so all that they have to do is. busy make it make a decent house to live in and all the comforts that we need as humans. and then we have new travel that you it have it entire solar system. eventually. earth. these days, apostle in time span of 50 or 100 years or something like that. but this is the thing you mentioned a planet from man, oh i am. that's not a story of these are really far away. those style a t mendecy far away and it, it takes probably thousands if not millions of years. for a spaceship, a man made

a ship to he chose of apprentice. you can't put a human on the abby goes, there was a fire for a 1000000 of years, even if they're asleep. they want to fight so far that so a brush is too much variation and all that sort of thing. so it's going to be very, very difficult for humans to travel that far. i don't think that will ever happen, but a robles eventually we'll go there. so the 1st thing all to do is date day day colonize our planets. they are doing it already with my eyes and the moon thing standing there all the time. and they do investigations still in a way it is very primitive. in the eyes of someone say over a few hundreds of thousands of years from now, they'll say, now we need to know how to center almost anywhere. and these walls will be smart enough to built houses for humans to live in. and then the, do you want to come after those robots? this is the way i see it. those horrible smite in millions of years with time be

able to each other planets. don't want millions of years. so that's, that's a long time for any human stand with, but it's short in terms of use. it does if lucian, a 1000000 years ago we will monkeys. but at that, that is nothing in illusionary terms, the life of a 1000 times or more or earlier than that and has developed all time. so in face of evolution, a 1000000 years is not much. so if that's the time scale you have to use and that will be the time scale at which even humanity eventually will reach the other planets. but not before that. get 2 more questions left. first of all, where's the quantum computer that everyone is claiming is going to be here? well, if not tomorrow, the next week, for sure. well, i have a slight problem with the quantum computer because it is claimed to be able to

solve problems which no other classical computer can. but i'm seeing at the same time that you eventually the loss of nature should be just like the classical laws . so logic should be classical logic and i believe in that which means that something must go wrong with the quantum computer. and, but in practice, the quantum computer can still work very well because when things go wrong, they go wrong at a very, very tiny distance scale and time scale, so tiny that for all practical purposes to comp and to, to will function the will need complicated to describe it and it will do miracles compared to ordinary computers, like what, like solving difficult problems, different nickel material, problems of search problems, finding things which are impossible to find that a cold breaking is a very interesting application for, for computers they can, if fracture very large numbers into the pond,

components much better than any classic computer can. these things will happen way . and that i don't know, i'm not really, i should into quantum computing business in, you know, in your view, humanly a couple of details or so. okay. that computer fonts, computers will be able to do very specialized stars tasks, but not the computers, but most doc shop tasks. i don't believe we'll be done better by going to computers . so i think they should continue working with no consulting, old fashioned computers. because in practice there will be much better not. so you know, we humans, we are talented when bent, beautiful thinks, but then somehow we'll manage to make out of those beautiful things. horrible thinks, do you think that quantum mechanics could also be weaponized? i think practically anything can be were promised. so that's an awful side effect

of science that our enemies can also use. it are criminal enemies. they can do kind this size dictators in our countries can dictate the people using signs. yes, that can happen. there's nothing we can do about it that we want to use signs to do better. human lives is possible to enable you humans to do things which i would are asking, impossible you just asked about compensation of outer space without trying. that's on thinkable. so or so, yes, that's the way we want to your science. but we can't prevent that. all of us will use science in a way that we don't like. we're not on the control. we can't just tell, dictate or not to use signs to suppress his own people or things like this. professor who thank you so much for this amazing in depth talk about universe and how it works. michelle. the best of luck with your future inventions and openings

and looking forward. thank you very much. thank you for ah, ah lose

. ah, there may, may, we should all be mayor. may we should all be angry and what's going on right. can't understand united states history and the role that slavery plate is already a very formal institution. by the time united states became a nation, it actually find the nation, the rise of capitalism clearly on the backs of flight and the slave down. if you had investigated lynchings to any great extent. you believe the country and country still stands in brick. i'm from the south. everybody know know what this figure. to some extent, i would argue that we're still fighting the civil war in the south is winning

exaggerated rhetoric, massive arm shipments and endless threats. this is how nato presents its vision of pan european security. meanwhile, moscow wait to the u. s. and its allies to respond to its demands and vision for the say. the status quo is is the earth still large enough to satisfy the ambitions of jeff bezos? you know, it's got its tentacles in so many aspects of the economy. there's nothing that amazon isn't trying to get into to step by step. the amazon empire has extended its group on the world that walks like end up being quacks like a dog gets a dog. so amazon looks like monopoly trades like a monopoly makes money like monopoly behaves like monopoly. amazon essentially controls the market place. it's not really a market as a private arena, a world where a single company controls the distribution of all data products and the

infrastructure of our economy. is this the world according to amazon? ah ah, after months of the western 5th thing that rushes fit to invade ukraine, nato secretary general makes a stunning. you turn at missing the military block actually has no confidence whatsoever. but any such aggression will happen at least 3 of the lease. if it depends on the russian federation, then there will be no war. we don't want any wars, but we will also not allow our interest to be brutally trampled on and ignored. and then a growing stand off with the west or the ukraine. russia top diplomat. stress is moscow, does not want conflict but insists its security must be ensured.