strongly in action, not just by the government of the manual, michael, but own button decades his left front in the grip of radicalism. his allegations have seen him labeled an infidel. off the report was broadcast received many messages calls and then i was subject to threats, notably, threats of physical violence and death threats. my telephone numbers, broadcast on social media, and after that, the food to me was shared everywhere. there is still extremely over. his allegations were bottles of the documentary had me issue out of proportion. there is also a fear that it is health. anti islamic rhetoric become even more normalized in the heat of the current candidate discourse out the rate towards phase presidential elections that take place in april. now, despite the threat, i mean says he has to continue just speak out demand that action is taken.

otherwise, he said, fraud is last year. he's 6 years ago, a room with a charlie and everyone was there plus the lovely leak in paris to say to us that we promised that in the faith of islam in them, we will stay firm will speak up today. of the impression that this movement has lost no movement, no more conflict with anybody in some way. this silence started by those who are elected shows that we are renouncing little by little of values and principles. and i would like to say with a lot of strength and sincerity. if we allow our values to be dismantled, if we refuse to speak up about this, subject the enemy, the from the islamists, as they say they will win. we'd love to hear your thoughts on the story and everything else i did get in touch by following us on social media and leave your comments that will be back to help me out with the latest. ah,

ah mm. with bring you the very latest every out the day. this is not snow from everyone here with with

walking to so think our visionaries, me so if you share it, not an organ transplant can save a life, but at least 20 people die. ha, waiting for a new heart or liver. can science put an end to this long waiting list? i talked to dr. re are meeting that. how would she stem cell biologists and professor o genetics at stanford university? doctor erica woochie stem cell biology professor of genetics at stanford university . great. you're happy with us today. thank you so much. thank you for having me. i so i want to start from the following up. the camera is a monster as creature from greek mythology. i personally associate with something or a task evil. yet in modern microbiology genetics, it's used for something that can potentially be used to save human lives. isn't a choice of words somewhat misleading in this regard? can there be like a better?

do you agree? yes, i do agree. yeah. many people, you know, just imagine when i say a greek mythology, you know, consisting of, you know, based upon finding most lions heads, no sheep body and snake tail. so that gives us many people very about. impression was kyra. that actually is very useful just so i mean, biology is just a mix up to a different service of 2 different genetic or is it just a mix? so 1st of 2 different identity. different says, so can our research is needed in order to basically grow human organs inside animals for transplants. but an animal, beta chamber a pick already has

a heart. so how do you make it have a human one instead? yeah, if we just mix sure, most stem cells and early embryo, we just may have a hold of issues so, so that makes sense both to my sense. but they want, i need to do is to use a host animal that has been genetically modified so that this has about cannot fall off of one who knows all those genesis disabled. and so when they go up and then make a comment on the schuman i p s, you know, some sort of the live service can make a hot, but hosting service cannot. so, although it's basically a mixture, you know, 2 different cell types of origins. but in hot should be home and totally made

up of like human a sensor the lab says, so or the, you know, the body is mixture of human stairs, but heart is only from the human stem cells. that is the trick that i introduce, right? so basically when jack the embryo with cells for a human patient and then the heart grows and is transplanted back into the patients body. the what if and it's likely the patient has really bad hard tonight, like hard is it for 10 generations back? is this station stuck with a bad genetics, or can that be fixed while growing the new heart? ideally, you know, with a technology and quarter crisper. now it is fair to easy to genetically correct the genetic, the effect of the special has. so after collecting the senate to dinner at the

level of foss themselves, then we can grow and put it back to the patient as a patient to be, you know, norma thought because, you know, the genetic data has been fixed by genetic engineering o time to research we may be able to simply transport this newly created data hot to the patient because of, you know, some diseases. it takes time to develop a phenotype the symptoms. so it might help us today the process of the disease depending on this piece and patience condition, you know, the cigar alternatives, is it possible theoretically, at least to grow several oregon's at the same time in the same animal? yes, that's possible. we have recently found a way to do that for not just one single organ, but basically i, we may be able to make up similar, you know,

an internal for one and that is also a possible approach. why do we need host animals to cro? oregon's can't way do it without having to use embryos. just in a lab, i mean scientists are able to grow, meet in the lab. why not human oregon? ah, you know both so many different cell types such as of the cells, rod, nervous, love, yo, and many other components are required and also it has a 3 dimension. oh, 1st not quite got to make those organs in a test tube or individual. so i came up with an idea of using about body and about developing environment as

a sort of followed by reactor circus. you know, mission hold us in a test. so that's, that is how we started. ah, the start project. you know, one of the reasons for this line of research is a long line of those waiting for available transference. so if we learn to grow hearts, people want in theory, have to wait for a heart transplant if they need one. but you know, what you're working on isn't an instant solution since it takes at least a year before an animal can grow to a full size and to be used as a donor. i mean, this means a person waiting for a transplant one probably last to this moment in the same all the same rate. how could this time frame be reduced to more? right. so i guess a ways to, you know,

answer this question. so yeah, it will probably take about a year to generate a human folks are transplanted organ since say in pigs in the livestock house. ah, however, you know of some organs with artificial ogre, for example, hot or kidneys. people can survive, patients can survive over here, easy with artificial organs. so this is one approach. oh, so we may be able to prepare. oh so oh guess if we you know pick her up. oh as oh, different ha, type for you know, wider, should a matching. we may be able to wait sort of the order for the patients are different data types. this is one which this,

i think this is part of it. he thought the alternative is we may be able to generate a gas duct on much to different people, you know, universal matching 2 different types of people working on this because, you know, go so with us on sales. so with this approach, we may be able to prepare all the self organs. who are any people with different data types? yes, so fire growing human organs and picks isn't really working. the anatomy is, might similar. but the species are too far apart, biologically for this to work, you call it the zeno genic barrier a barrier that prevents cells from once. this is from going in other how do you go around that mariel? theoretically, of course,

we do not have an answer to that. we're working on it. this is charlotte. a phonetic me. i think the major reason for this 0 barrier is c l, usually this us genetic distance between human and animals. because ah, what, oh ah, we were a boat from the same cubby ancestor. you know, it's been many, many years since we diverse. so some of the molecules important for the development of se, embryo. ah, they could differ. you know, the receptor and who one can be active, may not have good affinity to bind together because both, you know, animal and ass diverse. no, you don't genetically. so one potential, of course is we have to probably schuman ice, some of the more use necessary for the development of

a t p embryos to match with a human ah, site hines hormones. well, some of the things saw that, liz, the a host took we are taking we're trying to, you know, humanise some more, it's use that past. he's a question from a skeptic. i mean, do you think these xeno genetic barrier might be there for? i don't know. good evolutionary reason. for instance, we don't mess with cross breeding cameras species. no, i don't know if this any bios can reason for that just by test. ah, we don't we have they both based on the maybe outside involvement. ah, so maybe be difficult. ah, just like our lives of us, they can grow very fast because they have been to preston. so all you know,

the men of the easy. but i think this would be a way to do that. that is our touch doctor, like our children. take a short break right now when we're back we'll continue talking to dr. iran meet soon. ok. how would she stem cell biologists and professor of genetics at stanford university? stay with us. ah, apparently russia's invasion of ukraine is not so eminent. after all, none the less washington in london continued to beat the drums of war. many europeans think otherwise,

they are the ones with the most to lose in any conflict. they are also the ones pushing diplomacy. join me every thursday on the alex simon, sure. i'll be speaking to guess from the world of politics. sport business. i'm sure business. i'll see you then. mm hm. and we're back with dr. re romito, the coaches stem cell biologist, professor of genetics at stanford university. doctor, and i can watch him, you know, if years back another team of scientists,

they announced that they're making human monkey cameras. as a human monkey came eric, going to have more chances of successfully growing an organ? yes, i think so, but we will also have some preliminary data. as i said, i think this 0 barrier is very much all based on the yeah. is that a distance genetic distance between the 2 species? and obviously a non human premise. they're much closer in terms of 5 or you study distance. so i'm, i'm pretty sure that, you know, if we try to generate schuman organs in non human climates, monkeys, it would work much better than between a human and paste. but it has some problems, you know, madison to the ethical issues. ah, you know, not human primary focus center go slower. and it may take more than a year,

maybe for 5 years to get, you know, certain size it to the certain size. and also i don't worry about, you know, says you know, the fiction of something, not biopsies, so you know, yes or no monkeys have, because it's so close, they may indeed affect us. so the, some, i think you know that many issues with so monkeys this but it's not like using us picks are sheep, they are very much more difficult to do some developmental biology that you know, today to make kind of suck it. at least we know that the size of an animal is crucial. but what about other genetic factors? for instance, pick scro age and die sooner than humans?

or is that a hard grounding to pick where are faster than a human heart, for instance? now that's another interesting point now. so we have other interesting data using rodents, starting from the studies that is when we generate rock pancreas in mass, all different different species. rock is 10 times bigger than mass. but when we generated christian mass, the size of a mouse size, so somehow the owner of the size of the whole and is determined by the environment now by defense to making a so we also tried ariba experiment. we tried to write mouse pancreas in russ, and then we filed

a huge rub, sliced hub, mouse pancreas. so again, you know, this experiments suggest that you know, the size of the whole room is determined not by the 1st, but the in one. so if it is too big matter difficult, but you know, if the science is mr. not too big was transplanted. i think the, you said the whole, i was determined by the environment. so, you know, that's what we said. you know, i don't know if you read it, but there is this manslow popular old russian novel, the heart of a dog where a doctor transplants human order in oregon into a dog which dang, roads into human, but keeps a lot of dogs habits like chasing cats and such, it sounds silly, but in the same like sy, fy way will and monkey growing organ inside me make me behave more like

a monkey. even a little bit maybe. wow. well, if you transfer say, have monkey sub brain to you 1st. and then you may get some behavior monkeys. a monkey. clunky monkeys have pursued. that's something that we do not know, but i do not think, you know, trans translation of a monkey. i know a few heart generated a monkeys. well, you know, change, you know. ok. ok, ok, you know, thinking by that so you know, i need to say it's to your own heart. it's not monkey hot. we're transplanting with there just to make it within monkey. but not that i think that makes

a difference. what organ theoretically could be cro in this way. liver high pancreas. what else can a brain you worked out using this method? you know, we have this rule that we're not trying to create a, just the between mom that we have, you know, have made out in this case, rob brain, mouse and mouse playing rock. they do us. this is the old as we tested. the basic principle i've tried to say, and i think any, you know, trust trans, comfortable organs, tissues says we can use, you know, those generated in picks going out of us. it has to be a brain transplant. patients not has to go transplant the building. i know it took you 10 years to get the approval to do whatever you doing the current

research. how long before this technology can be fully implemented? our patients were like a century. ok. oh my goodness. what are your predictions? maybe 5 to 10 year with the deposit or an experimental basis, hopefully within 5 years. but if you want to bring it to the clinic, we have to do a lot of safety. you know, saudis many other studies on necessarily before actually bringing this to the creek. so i will say, hopefully within 10 years we're able to use this whole times tonight. and i was in the grid you know, the health benefits. they appear to the enormous, however, really, the whole thing is it's a little glory. to create an animal that can grow heart 1st, then you put

a human heart in that animal and then you cut the heart out. i mean, poor animal, right? how do you deal with these kinds of concerns? i, i'd say ethical concerns. i know your research is government approved and is monitored by ethics commissions and all of that. but personally, do you have reservations about this? i mean, this is the whole methodology thing. yeah, of course, you know, i like i saw, i feel sorry for them. but in, on the other hand, i see patience, you know, dying to waiting for donna owens. and if you think we're subtly fine, maybe billions of peace for us to our food. and so what we need probably is pigs in the auto fall clouds to help those places and, and stay so low paid. so you know, this, i know this is not

a perfect solution for the treatment with patients that know we need to help those. so patients and since we are eating many, many peaks, i think so this. yeah, i mean, i agree because we'd, we'd baker and we'd pick lights. but, but does the fact that we farm pigs justify the use of their embryos like that? i think it's justified. you know, yeah, another concern is that the human cells in an animal can stray beyond the targeted organs into the animal's brain and then create some form of consciousness. is this even possible? i don't, at this moment, all of this a contribution of human services, very small, some likely. but as a scientists, i shouldn't say it would never happen. so, oh,

what i'm, what we're trying to do is we have already generated. i p assess human like your service alongside your so that cannot differentiate into brain cells who are dumb says so there's no chance of having those r i p a satellite human sensor belie with human cells in the brain. ok, animals. so dentist, i think a very clear, so listen to this ethical concern. you know, the team that announced their experiments on monkey human came marriage a little while back. they said that they did the research in china to avoid legal complications. wondering, are government regulations around the world making kind of research difficult in general? so difficult question. because you know, i could not do this kind of research in japan years ago. i moved to stifle

more is the same thing. i moved to the country. well, this kind of research is awesome. so i, i think, you know, we need a international guideline for this type of research. who are many other researchers that probably require some sort of restrictions. so in the we have international society of stem cell research and they recently revised the ethical guidelines to do this credit for research. so i think the whole pre, you know, for the funding agencies or janice are like a major sciences. so, you know, many journals there. so they should require the, you know, proof of the approval by the, you know, i'll be

a committee of that scientist did that experiments. otherwise they shouldn't accept. i grant proposal for public 18 of the papers. this could be a good time for spent. 2, you know, ah, so some odd, problematic is security risk to shana collection. thank you very much for this talk . it was very informative. well, wish you all the best of luck with your research. let's see where it can bring us and hopefully can really help humans suffer less are not stain lines for human organs and find some sort of medical guidelines we're animals don't suffer that much, but anyways, it's been too interesting talking to you. thanks a lot for your time. thank you so much. pardon me? take care. bye bye bye.

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