double the style of food for thought kasheila wishing to cim. i'm a new moment for the most, mo, mo, normally are from sterling, from course lots and lots of putting them all. they're glad to build. mm hm. what the company did, i'm was just idea. i use mom, saddam low scholarly, imo, they were did some of our studies. carson brought i used to wish i've finished the shows. those are 42 at the i'm of national. put your gums going to bill for the month or you ordered a shirt instrument nissan. english all 50 english and ah, the lights are going out all across ukraine infrastructure that cannot be easily replaced any time. so nato continues its proxy war against russia, saying as long as it takes will be ukrainian states and society collapse before

it's military, is defeated on the battlefield with blue. hello, i'm manila chand. you are tuned into modus operandi a show that explores the methods and patterns of u. s. foreign policy all around the world, and the history that reverberates in our lives. today. this week we'll examine latin america, america's neighbors to the south have taken center stage in u. s. domestic politics. whether democrats and republicans sparring over the mexican border, or presidents bided. and donald trump. how speaker nancy pelosi. recognizing one

guido as the president of venezuela, the u. s has a lot of clean up my head with its southern neighbors. then as the u. s. is preoccupied with the proxy war against russia in ukraine. china and russia are making moves across latin america, the 2 bricks giants aiming to add a new south, american ally to the roster and broker business deals. embracing the left turn that latin america is taking. will this cause a hemispheric shift? all right, it's time to get into the ammo. ah, louise, ignacio da silva, better known simply as lula, brazil's one time president from 2003 to 2010 is out of prison. and back on the campaign trail. lula is staging a political, come back and is soaring in the poles in brazil against incumbent giant bull sonata

with a nickname of his own trump of the tropics. both nato struck a trump in populous nerve before but with lula. the left us leader now cleared to run for office again following a u. s. backed corruption bust known as operation car wash. lula has a bone to pick with the u. s. d o j. and the securities exchange commission who took part in an elaborate international investigation which many brazilians viewed as politically motivated, some even calling it american interference in their domestic affairs. meanwhile, in venezuela, home of the world's largest oil reserves president nicholas mulatto won a 2nd term, survived an assassination attempt, and remains president after what most of the world deems a coup attempt by the west. with a u. s. k choosing

a recognized former parliamentarian one y doe instead as the president. now this was bi partisan recognition on the part of american politicians, but as the u. s. gasoline prices began to skyrocket in april 2022, the u. s. seemed to abandon why dough and sent a delegation to effectively ask the madura administration for help with oil supplies, but that visit didn't go as the byte in administration had hoped. so when the u. s . hosted the summit of the americas this year in los angeles. they left a few key latin countries off the invite list like venezuela, nicaragua, and cuba. now this party f o pa, not boating, well across the southern nations with key countries like mexico turning down biden's invite. what then is plan b for the bite in administration in dealing with this new hostility from its

southern neighbors. and joining us to discuss this very fluid relationship between the u. s. and south america. let's bring in doctor and rick a rivera. he's a historian and author of the new book, the untold history of capitalism with international press, and re k. good to see you. thank you for joining us. first, i'd like your read on the upcoming brazilian elections. it's huge, it's, it's a huge deal. so also, nato has been a bit of a, a difficult figure to peg. he's an admirer of trump. and so when trump was an office, there was a certain affinity there. but and there were some indications that that he was kind of a counter hedge, a monic figure. but in the end of the day, kind of as in the history of latin america, right? when biggers have tended to follow the dictates of washington. and so in the end of

the day, he did end up doing that. and so he, he was a major ally in regards to cutting off relations with venezuela, which was a principal. ready aim of the u. s. government to isolate bennett well brazil largest country in latin america, both in geographical space as, as well as in population. and so they also supported the us backed qu in bolivia, a couple of years ago. and, and they even offered books for nato personally, just offered political asylum for janine and yes. who, who was the head figure of the crew in bolivia and so lula has always kind of been a device of figure within the u. s. political. ready establishment, he's been kind of seen as when he started out. he was certainly seen as kind of

a reformer someone that could be worked with. but i think his, his for res into, into launching these spearheading these international movements like bricks and sued alba, etc. you know, like kind of his true colors as, as best basically a practical and even period this came through and, and so the hard liners in washington certainly don't see his coming to the office with favor. it's going to be an interesting situation. lula has a bone to pick, as you mentioned, with the united states, he's calling out the united states on, on, on nato's aggression against, against russia. which and the spurred the invasion of ukraine or, and so, so yeah,

it's going to be an interesting thing. we're going to see what plays out. yeah, luba last. i checked. he has consistently been pulling in double digits ahead of both scenario. so if lula does indeed win as anticipated, can the u. s. many relations with lou? i mean, i know they help roman prison and all of that, especially since he recently issued those strong words against the u. s. and the sanctions that the u. s. imposed on russia. he actually told time magazine that these sanctions are now hurting the entire world. so with that said, i mean can the bind it administration, make amends with lula? well, i think that the u. s. as they do, i think they're going to take multiple wrong approaches. i think the white house in the state department are certainly going to be saying nice things publicly while. busy behind closed doors, they are certainly going to be continuing to fund opposition to lula and certainly going to be trying to get him out of office. i think that lula himself, i think,

i think he's beyond the point of, of where he thinks that he can rely on the west as a partner, i think, but he does seem to realize that that the u. s. is perceived interest really go against the reality of the interests of the people, the united states and certainly those of brazil. and so i think the cats out of the bag as far as he is concerned. but he is a practical politician. he is going to be limited by what exactly he can do. he's is his strong pulling numbers come because he's the most popular political figure in brazil, but he's also. ready cast a wide net politically and he's brought more moderate forces into his tent. and so people that are more a, mainly both to the united states. and so it's going to be a balancing act. what about the summit of the americas?

the summit, you know, is, is still fairly young in its tenure, but it's meant to be a summit for countries in the western hemisphere to openly and freely discuss issues at hand. the bite in administration left out venezuela, nicaragua, and cuba from the invite list. and then this led to a cascade of other leaders, either declining the invite altogether or sending, you know, perhaps even worse, sending some lower ranking official in the president's place. what was the read of the summit to you? and because you're there in los angeles. yeah, it was a disaster. well, the official summit was a disaster. interestingly, there was a parallel people's summit that was attended by thousands people which was organized by various grass roots political organizations in the united states and, and also solve delegations from venezuela, from cuba. they made their way to the people summit,

which was much more celebrated event than, than the official summit. the summit was a disaster. it, it really could be seen as, as a turning point historically, because excuse me, i mean, the, you know, the fact that mexico refused to attend because of the u. s. is blacklisting of the 3 countries you, you mentioned is a huge deal. i mean, mexico has been in the u. s. his pocket for 90 years now until law office or whatever, who's actually a lula type figure. and it's interesting to bring those parallels to him because you see that balancing act in the united states. they say nice things publicly, but in high clothes doors, men, they can't wait to get rid of this. but the thing is, the times have changed mexico's a big country with a big economy and so is brazil. and so the days of the united states, you know,

picking and choosing leaders and moving chessboard according to, to their, their designs, those days are largely over, not to say that they're not trying, and they don't have certain successes. they do. but their powers is so much more limited than it used to be. and so i think you can look at this summit as, as really a turning point. and us latin american relations. you know, mexico refused to go and refuse to go. these are 2 countries that, that were, you know, us especially has been virtually a u. s. colony for to the most of the 20th and 21st century. so huge blow to united states into the, into the reputation international. and now some of these states that you just rattled off right there. let's, let's keep our eye on that because we cannot talk about us relations in south america without discussing the school of the americas or wisc or whatever they're branding it as nowadays when in fact, maybe graduates from this

u. s. military training program has proven to be and gave some of the most violent, the cruelest dictators seen in latin america going as far back as the 1950 s the u . s. intervention in guatemala. and the 1950s has shifted the political landscape there for the rest of the 20th century. so what are your final thoughts on so, and, and how the u. s. continues to interfere in latin american domestic issues by continually bringing in these military leaders. yeah, i mean, so, i mean, and it's various incarnations have been have been disastrous for, for, for the region. i actually just taught a course that you see a, let me know a, as you mentioned this past quarter, and i told students look, there is absolutely, we went through the u. s. support the 30 wars in south america. the civil wars. ready in central america and the eighty's and,

and then we compared those those situations with human rights today in venezuela and cuba because i was and there really is no comparison at all. i mean, tube and, well, let me go our, our country's nick. i what today's, the different during the civil war. but these aren't places where you see disappearances where you see massacres and where you see genocides. united states has actively supported, actively supported, provided intel, trained through the school of the americas, and overseen operations of torture of massacres and of genocide, the worst being in 1980 to 9900. 83 us backed dictator. your smart in guatemala. the extermination of over 2 100000 indigenous people. systematic extermination of 200000 people. this was under the watchful eye of the united states and in fact, elliot abrams not too long ago when,

when being grilled by an omar, you know, i had to defend his statement that well, it was worth it, you know, the bloodshed was, was worth it. my mother's home country of thought would work. there's the most of the massacre with thousands of civilian tens of thousands of civilians taken out of their homes and massacred by us, trained military officials, children, thousands of childrens bothered. so it's, it's really been a disaster to say that the united states, the excuse that the united states says that they are getting involved in us latin american affairs because of human rights is not anything that can be held up by any evidence. it's, it's quite the contrary. yeah, i have to have to agree. it looks like the evidence on the ground shows that it's exactly the opposite of what they're presenting to us at dr. enrique rivera. thank you so much for sharing your expert insight with us today. i look forward to

talking with you again, my friend, thank you. thanks. mm hm. and next, as us, south america relations, sour bricks, members are expanding their influence. when we return, we'll take a look at how china and russia are seizing the opportunities arising from american errors down south. ah ah ah .

i've actually found saved in the embrace, since naziism is a joke, all of a sudden you're placed in a position where i can defend myself. now, i don't not be afraid any more. on one hand, i'm terrified that they're going to find out i'm jewish, but on the other, i think it's so far away. i distinctly remember my mom sitting me down one night and her st. john, they're going to hurry. one guy hunched me behind my ear and somebody show now and the rest of the punch as you start to fly, can somebody shouted out, died, you boy died. and at that point i knew i remember, had an indian doctor. they came in and looked and said, there's no medical reason wires you should be alive. can you to find something to believe, john story, to the story of ho story, victory,

and whatever i can do to help him out with o, as the bite in administration, struggles to find its footing in south america. china and russia, on the other hand, are expanding their reach and their influence across the global south. the 2 bricks nations are looking to add argentina to the block, which would give south america to members from that continent for russia. if not the candidate state who is the biggest economic ally in south america,

it's actually brazil, while neither brazil nor argentina joined the u. s. in sanctions against moscow, jr, boston otto, actually asked the w t o to allow his country to continue trading fertilizer with russia, which is needed for soybean production in brazil, outside of the block, russia has found allies in venezuela and nicaragua. meanwhile, china is all ready. the continents taught trading partner in 2019 chinese investments in the continent exceeded $13000000000.00 and the trade between the l. a. c zone that is the latin american and caribbean with china topped 300000000000. so already 18 of 33 latin countries have signed up to be part of china's belt and road initiative. but south com seems to find this growing relationship with china. quite disturbing and paints a nefarious picture about beijing's intentions. and here to discuss the number

of business deals happening below the equator is won. ricardo ortega, he's an economist and has worked for a number of colombian government agencies and international banks. one, thank you so much for being with us. first, let's talk about south com, the u. s. military's command overseeing south america, finding that russia and china's relations relationships rather in the region. a little bit unnerving to put it lightly. historically, the u. s. was the dominant force in the region, both militarily and economically. but over the last decade, we are seeing a shift. why? because china is willing to bet you know that the social bed in america. so normally you can perfectly see that in the political chief all over the continent got to see and left his ornaments from chile all the way to mexico. and the chinese had a willing to invest significantly on the land resources. and unfortunately the u. s

. car went through and regarding climate change, there's been very strong positions against gas on methane on oil. and these are the main staples that provides a strong currency from america. i need the international banks are not willing to fund these products and the chinese are, is very difficult to us. the society is to call their main source of income just for a bigger delay. that international level in an agenda that live in america actually has very little to say, no, they go on the back on carbon emissions to live in america is minimal. so why should it be the one that goes to the main source of income at this point? in time, that's why china is i will play a very significant role in the region going forward. and it makes sense to go where the money is. now, venezuela, nicaragua, and cuba were left off. jo biden's invite list for the summit of the americas this year. as it was, the u. s. turn to host. was this predicated?

do you think kwan on their friendly relations with russia? most likely, you've seen the old bird shows on behalf of the guy that one war man sort of russia, they have it the basement in, in the lanes airport that can land lumbers that, that would feed the ones that russia has a purely against most of the regions values regarding them all cra, transparent and open elections. and the same been as well. and irrational support for those are environments kind of being one of the reasons why they've been able to sustain their current systems that are totally against, that it will create the values, the u. s. purchasing the route and china's huge footprint in south america is obviously undeniable. as you had pointed out, is the u. s. and d o. d being paranoid about beijing's influence and their motives in latin america?

i think that are practical reasons why china is looking at the region. one of their main concerns is, is highly sources of food stamps and latin america is very rich on that regard. no, we have got all, we have chicken, we have so many beans. and most of the food stops that. the chinese people might need, can be source from up in america and that he'd like to make an advantage on some of the raw materials that china lacks. can be found that you know me because it was the case of lithium in mexico. what is the case of gold in columbia or iraq from, from brazil. so you have one of the countries that have some of the key inputs for the chinese economy. and it makes a lot of sense for those relationships to go into it. stronger and deeper economic inter religious between china and america. unfortunately they do it. ready as they can a step by and we've, there is a void, it always will be, feel, yeah,

that, that is how capitalism works. isn't it now? does the us somehow feel entitled to this, you know, hedge a monic rule in the western hemisphere, despite critics saying the u. s. has the worst history in the stabilizing governments in latin america? a case of columbia is different. i will say that they would extremely constructive in allowing columbia to strengthen the system to show, not being able to rebuild after many years of internal conflict on the support of the us. what's critical back in the seventy's for sure that the u. s. had no firing influence both and she laid on, but in my law i'm probably new and he got out what. but as later times i won't say they've been more constructive and they are very strong values regarding lever the freedom of speech, open democracy, a capitalistic markets. and that, that could change because for the chinese, those are not all the same priority that they care more about the economic

prosperity and economic into relationships than human rights or democracy. and that for the us is a concern. and definitely that is achieved regarding some of this issues in the region. yes, definitely. sounds like a different goals from 2 different countries here to different world leaders. last thing, one, what are your projections about latin america and the direction they will move in the 21st century? will they be moving towards the east and away from the us? the chinese influence is going to grow significantly all the embarrassments regarding electric vehicles. all the transport trains, the chinese leadership, even some of the key infrastructure might be in the electric sector where they have very big investments if they do in chill in brazil. and they're going to be looking at on central america as well. and you don't see as you is i didn't do my

best sort to participate in this economy. so the chinese, i'm going to be the ones taking the lead and that economic integration will give them political leverage. so for sure, their region is going to be moving towards the east very quickly on broadly, very significantly. i think there's going to be a lot we're going to see coming out of the new ricks unions and all the people getting added to bricks and excited to see what that will bring for the future in the 21st century with latin america. thank you. so much economist one ricardo ortega thank you for being with us today. my pleasure on her being. we do have a great oh and that is gonna do it for this weeks episode of modus operandi there show that digs deep into foreign policy. i'm your house, manila chan, thank you for tuning in. we'll see you again next time to figure out the ammo. ah, ah,

i am, my name is frank from a reserves and philadelphia got in the movement in 80 age 13 going on 14. we were violent towards those people because we believed that were the same race. we were here 1st and this is our country being part of that movement. i got a sense of power. when i felt powerless, we got attention when i felt invisible and accepted when i talked to level life after, hey, is an organization that was founded by for a skinhead neo nazi white supremacist in the u. s. in canada. and they found each other and they knew that they wanted to help other guys get out. was 2 parts to getting out of a violent extreme was the 1st part of disengagement which is where you leave the social group. and then the next part is d. radicalization work belief systems,

you all have to remove that was very impactful. when someone finally came along with no fear, no judgement, you heard my story did nothing to challenge it. when i was showing wrong, when i was just a new world, yes. to see how this thing becomes the advocate, an engagement, it was the trail. when so many find themselves worlds apart, we choose to look for common ground. i want to with this with you. i guess with you,

i'm with school. got to be from beach still easy to the station, but in the board with

with the headlines on our team international, nato's chief insists the state should tighten that belts and provide more support to ukraine. many europeans already being exhausted by the crisis. they are in there. is that a if you thought everything is getting more expensive in australia, we don't know how it will be in winter when it gets hard, whether there will be enough to eat. if the government does not take measures, including social mises about things out, then we are sliding into a catastrophe. nuclear disarmament talk between russia and the us post.