i did with and i'm sure that expands your expertise and that's why this conversation will be even more substantive. now, i know that the, both of these isolations, you explore your academic interest in breaks. and as i suggested in my introduction, the countries that make on this group as well as those that are interested in joining it has very different national identities. they have different forms of governance. they have different value systems. and yet somehow this group keeps arising in prominence. despite all those differences, divisions, distinctions, what have you, given breaks, lack of insistence on unity. what keeps it together? there's a problem, not in the governance and financial like,

you know, no agenda is very much a did a, a, a and each each one of them in 2 days, they all know then may give in how people get into a nation. so it's not so much an issue in this country. what if, what if i can't believe it's more of

like minded wonder and you'll also learn a lot of the biggest challenge with that little bit to get you mentioned the origin story and i think i think it's pretty remarkable because as far as i know, the 1st time this breaks metaphor, this breaks attribution was point, it was actually proposed by a goldman sachs trader who essentially proposed that as a marketing ploy to sell the shares of developing countries and slowly but surely then evolved into a viable organization 1st by regular to regular meetings,

all foreign ministers of those countries i'm down through the summits of have the state. so essentially it was something that came out of western financial system and he had a volved into a distinct north western grouping. what do you think allowed for that movement to happen? i would you do know that brakes does not come from the gym when they came together. remember that they put it in the, in triple and so not, you know, on and patients. busy know in the next one will when they, when they run up or the same time, but that being false. so it came to be the brakes

around 2008. it was good financial type. now. no jim or need to get on. yeah, no, no. but in some issues, mistakes i made a mistake in picked in order and you know, we had a big, big speaking in like ending away. ready who may just say she believes that would fall and development agenda and they came together. we knew it was a, a, a, a,

a, a, a, a no, no, no, no, no, it's a walk around the world. when missing by let's just exploring the spaces because i, you know, you, you framing this coming together of people from the entire world. but the world, if we are honest, has been divided into various tiers over the last couple of decades. and certainly if you look at the global financial infrastructure, which i know is one of your interest, you know, it aspires to be global in its reach, but it's highly centralized in terms of accumulating power and accumulating benefits. and no one could argue that one of the reasons why rick bricks came about . 6 and one of the reasons why we have so many tensions and imbalances into, well,

there's because some of the western countries have known, the entire western block insisted on keeping its privileges. 9 only turns out that speaks about the, you know, serving the interests of humanity. but if we actually look at the way the global financial infrastructure is, is designed it privileges one camp and not so much and the other. do you think this is something that is natural, it just happened historically or do you think it was designed that way? specifically to encourage the development of song and hamper in the development of others a different. but if you look at the dimension a, by any meanwhile, from any point, you have to say in the ambush and of finance,

financial technologies. and so i have to call him no one. right? and that's something know that many people not being on them is do not have his yes timing together to be connected. we can do something to influence the situation that it any more system or i could take him to there. busy just off the bus, you will have that if i all the time it is, it has led to many is it due to it?

it's just not wrong. it's inception. they called me and decided that way to try and achieve more governance by me. we need to get more voices including that financial. if i may add something and let me know if you're just given that i think that sort of dr. has intensified with the stars of the rational peroration in ukraine and the introduction of various whipping financial functions. and tre, sanctions against russia, which came to her not only this country, but also many other countries. and i've heard many analysts suggest that with countries like argentina, egypt, saudi arabia, iran,

expressing the intention to join bricks is truly becoming a platform that explores and tasks, ways of doing business sort of circumventing the western financial institutions. and you know, the streams that. a from a touch with relying on those western financial institutions. do you agree with that and do you think that they're still then used to do business in the world circle granting, develop on countries? joining us is becoming it is because of why why what is taken? how business shed and agreed there is no one power in there. but in the single country that decides it does not like it. and then

it does not. we should take it. so when you're on that the video i take, you know, the development agenda know times in the world. so no region in the world once for the main away, it was a 100 years in the world was investment for people in the region in the world. one, know, 2, and it will finance for you to invest in research and development to it. building the technology, the sciences or does not think so. no, we need to say come in this. well you need to say come in, you know, from the lens. no, no,

it's the tool meet. you know, a total of their management. oh, my mystical, my i have to stop before in just a 2nd because we need to take a very short break. my people return to that subject in a few minutes, they can, ah, a form of the 10s of thousands of years. can you give us important information into our climate and how it has changed over time? what a scary is our glaciers are melting at it on my way to learn more. we came here to now to help us to speak to victor a couple of years ago. she ologist who devoted his entire life to the topic. it is a fascinating at times dangerous and very important job for is your media reflection of reality

in the world transformed what will make you feel safe ice, elation for community. are you going the right way? where are you being that somewhere? direct. what is true? what is in the world corrupted. you need to descend a join us in depth will remain in the shallow the me i welcome back to was a part with make to the case of go by

a research institute for african thought and conversation mr. combine before the break. you mentioned this strong drive by developing economies to industrialized faster and in a more varied way to ensure a safe guards against external shocks be depend, downing the war sanctions. what have you, is it only about faster and more secure growth for you, or isn't it also about national south who had set up sort of little read the right to develop, but those are the right to developing your own way to want to be abroad of progress after your own pace in your own gay. quite often we'd like to agent or eggs, or by your, your own or region. one

way you have your georgia country over many different social and national has been in this country, you know, deep and so you were the ones that live you meant by that a difference in their money in terms of investment needed for your individual country. so each country has so essentially feeds in it and that's a

a mystical way. this is exactly what the concept of sovereignty here refers to, you know, doing things and aspiring to 2nd goals. but in your own way, sort of do, we all come from different parts of the world and it can be argued that we all appreciate similar things, but we axes down differently. and i wonder if i have given any thought to how various countries can set up cultivate this appreciation of local conditions in their own population. because sure, we all want to achieve certain pragmatic things are living standards. but we also and deal with very significant self power influence of the west, which comes with, you know, pushing its own values. all narratives are own interest on the other populations and it's very easy to succumb to this temptation that you know,

are the nation's way of doing things is more attractive than yours that you know, grass is always greener and the other side. have you thought about how to sort of cultivated this appreciation of ras once ways in people, or some developments, a, a, a, a condition. this is what we do with a chinese facing the challenges and development programs. beginning to one on one channel.

we think on the african union is what a position on, on the agree with you. thank you. bye bye. the up. again, punching in to say that one should you know, on, you know, what does one on the other hand journal has been up all the interventions they've made. all thing given apology is, you know, some of those on fine and under conditions 0. i did you know or minimal. yeah,

no conditionality so that you do not need to make sure that it is viable. make sure that the project people that it's been too. ready not to tell me in this one way. why not? that is what, let's just say that we have to look at that. what you're not by in gauging. that is why you're right now it's non interference, you know, in 10 and by honest, but you know, we do have responsibilities. many developments. and with that one corner there was that was affluent for no. and

other than me. and i'm the development for that just can be well speaking, if we, if can ask here someone else. i think a question, but i'm a big fan of i can tackle psychology. and i think fairness is, has an archetype appeal or meaning that regardless of cultural differences, people have an innate sense of balance, of give and take. and even though many western countries, the most african countries see themselves as a gibberish, i sense from my, travels around the world and from my conversations with people around the world that at least in part of this resistance associated with western. well, you asked to do something with this. so what i can shoot towards the rest of the world that you know, many african countries have practiced and not only over and they can but over centuries. what do you think about and do you think the west historically has given

as much back as it has taken from the rest of the world? a people where it operates in countries where it operates. a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, my, a project. and i want to is it like, you know,

maybe you're not into the point in a, a, a come to the appointment and it comes with conditions that we bring. we give money, but our company will be the ones that provide product. so in the end, why does the benefit that i get so and so it's so i'm not too sure what given best buy there was to africa actually been recently attended your conference or doing things and really, right. i mean, this is much of your opinion. some things

where you, where you have a development in a different way, we need to know why we should have been doing things in the way can in fact they've been challenges in europe. so after that, you know, in the next fight it was, you know, what i mean with them for you know that if it is not so essentially what you're suggesting is an authentic philosophy of when, when did i dia, that if you actually mistreat your neighbor, it will come back and hurt you, and i think this is what you mentioned, those western economists, but it's well known, the africa you bulge could be an opportunity, but it would also be a major risk and not only to european economies. if the migration is on control,

but pretty much to the rest of the world because everybody in the world wants dignified life and the once you know good prospects in life. can i ask very, very fast because we only have less than a minute. but you wrote a lot about this youth bulged and it could actually be turned into a huge benefit. you know, something that could allow africa to have faster than average growth rates. what, you know, some of the things that you think needs to be done to allow for that conversion to happen rather than, you know, the youth bulge being a major security risk, turning it into a real benefit. i think that important is and all of them are more than anything and finding out what we need in for us to move people around need in their 2nd

issue is investors investment. but now you have a young correlation increase that takes that given and it's growing. i mean if you went through that 57 year population or a job that will need the ation of your mission. one of the, one of the people pushing against job by j shots monday may 4th in the mental young people have been educated to do their work, but they,

they need to finance. they need the collection. so when you're in intervention, look at me in the digital they went on i said, you know everything, everything is digital and so on and young people that are there one diligently to, to, to you're not given. i think that engine give me a call by we have to leave it there. we are out of time, but i'm really grateful for for this conversation. thank you very much. thank you so much and thank you for watching hope to see her again on was apart from

me. ah ah ah ah. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy confrontation, let it be an arms race is on offense. very dramatic development only personally and getting to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful, very critical time time to sit down and talk in a rush in the state little narrative. i've stayed on the most. i'm skiing

with house lot. send up a group in a 55 with okay, so mine is group i'm speaking with. we will van in the european union, the kremlin community up machine estate on russia for date and school r t spoke neck. given our video agency, roughly all bands on you to a question, did you think it with a

question of real minute thought at home you? i mean you sleep, but she was a tricky but you might look a dealer. most schools, if you look on the initial, you want to pull up a dealer post on a b, i was going to use the put value and you do the ordering. but you also, there was a lot of like want to thought that i've got with you, but i see the senior bus, there's no growth you motivation says decent. you don't, you don't, bob? a plastic. what is the best i knew on the i got them. this is a little bit of

a lady with what i say school for carbonate for backwards, but something something that might seem important to me cut order. the stuff a said to jeff, i mean you can even down can be coma, alyssa, and vehicle or somebody and the community that they've got a not all right. suppose you this out. thank you sort of affected door only out of them to i did need it with us. that's a disclaimer. but then which the routing gospel claiming for with is looking at them, hold a door with a with chris, will it was, it was the case then you big as well for you will that they should,

i see it appears to notice and i wish to enter a when are you one of them loving us with an open with brushes top diplomat plans though was for the backlash of anti moscow sanctions, impacting african countries i guess martini, which he's currently visiting. also this our judging by this wall and judging by these trout holes, ukraine, he is rockets designed to cause maximum garage and maximum civilian deaths. we report from the done yet through public war 2 civilians are wounded after the ukrainian military shelled a train depot.