for you and you don't know who's the guy know for the doesn't know as i should just to do given the other than that. we're going to go to the east opinion finances come up with me the

price each native prison $25.00 for a piece of scalp for indian male. $15.00 for women. $15.00 for children. put me in jail. reserve part of canada. never be part of the was in school years technicians and terrible people ah.

possible to forget what happened with we always shy but tobacco. we call dish. wonder rock and it's a shaker rock. it here and it is a big, big rock. and we call it a grandfather rock. we thank the grandfather for knocking off trash and taken care of us as we travel

they tried to tell us that this was savage. this was a pagan way of doing things here that's with the school. i was electrocuted twice. i was only 7 years old. first too high for me, so somebody put me in the chair and my feet, they're up. i can't even touch the floor. and they turn the power on electricity. then you can't. wendy electricity goes, you can let go. because the gen,

the electricity makes you tighten it. he can't like go through you. you were tortuga. ah, they make it because they want to their land. they broke their children. why did i go, did this or do anything? i was just a child with

30 below cold edmond. our host is the former chief of this remote community in northern ontario in fort albany. canada has more than 2000 reserves like this one. they were set up in the late 19th century by the indian act. the law governing the

indigenous population this racist build, made them 2nd citizens, separate from white people. ah, today they are known as 1st nations peoples. back then they were savages. i am designated asked indian oh lives inside i reserve to separate the we are hidden people of canada here and here the government wants to call and preserve for the i call it my grandfather's land. the indian act is still applicable to day it was introduced in an attempt to settle and thus better control a nomadic people along with their territory and resources. the

reserves were run by nuns and priests, and their mission was to evangelize the savages to assimilate them while we're building a garden for fixtures from a school. so this one is good business, her best students, girls and months. and these are the brothers are blade brothers, and that prisoners are here. it's hard to resist. at that time, very hard to resist. ah,

ah, in from the age of 4 or 5 children were torn and their families and handed over to missionaries to be educated and they were sent to what were referred to as residential schools. oh, the system was mandatory under the indian any families refusing to release their children or persecuted oh and denied the meager state allowance because i have long hair and i put it in rate. so somebody comes behind me, cuts my brain off. my hair falls over, it looks like this. ah

. as soon as the children or anything that identified them as indian was eliminated, their clothes were burned. they were forbidden to speak their own language. ah, they were issued with a uniform and a number is going to be easy. that's way we want to be ready for the aim was to make them good little white children and good little christians. i edmund and his cousin spent their childhood at saint em's the school on their reserve. our building they didn't leave until they were 15. i remember my 1st day. i remember looking at my mom to other were walk in love. she

was very quiet. and somebody else took me by them, but by then i was overwhelmed with the school. i didn't see my mom living until she was gone. and then when i tried to run back or go after her, they closed the door and the you cried, you know, in flight luc while losing her mum, you're losing your, losing your mum, him up on this account for ears. the 2 cousins suffered cruelty and ill treatment. it was an experience that marked them for life. even though the escape, the very worst of the abuse, the rapes cost o a dead sea brother broadway can be using

a child. and to them from man to dormitory on the 3rd floor, brought him down to the basement. and as where he attacked the girl your glitter bathroom ethridge, whether your fema t m put down i had the year she whole look, cheer, georgia. they were like go, butterfield. i could never sleep because i always knew there was something there somebody, i could hear somebody moving her own or just there was the worst part for me was always waiting. i relate just like there was somebody there that's gonna grab you. that's no place to be for any child. ah, we all came home with

a dark secret generation after generation. well see, dance is an infamous school. it was only one of dozens. in a little over a century, 150000 children attended these institutions. ah, 4000 of them lost their lives. the last residential school closed down in 1996. i think the children, when you eliminate all their knowledge of their history, their culture, then you're basically killing the people that grew up on the flanks that knew the land that were connected to the lab. and that's what these policies were. to take the indian out of the bush that think the indian away from the bush milan and

assimilate him indoctrinate him with genocide, i guess it was the way of killing a people like way of killing a culture, a nation killed in a ah

ah glaciers which are formed over tens of thousands of years can give us important information into our climate and how it has changed over time. what a scary was our glaciers are melting at an alarming rate to learn more. we came here to help us to speak to victor puzzles that he has a gracie ella, who is devoted his entire life to the topic. it is a fascinating at times dangerous and very important job lou. so i can assure you roughly where the scores burned down fired took it by accident. we no no

take me to court. i dont know walner the fire knows are happy, the missionaries are gone and now we can do our own. find our own way. we don't need to poop. we don't need the pope to tell us what to do with a school is right here. figure 3 stories is big enough for 200 students with you know what we never gave missionaries. we never show them our tears. we never cried . he can be slapped around like this, bang, bang, bang, bang, bang, right, right on your head and face, slap, slap, slap, slap, slap,

and nail on the floor and eat your vomit electrocution. but i'm still here, i'm still standing up, but they're gone. with the last traces of the missionaries presence start to be found nearby in the reserve. okay. just follow me. i'll make a trailer here. it's an infamous spot. a place. nobody comes to any more. these abandoned huts with the priests, summer residences. it's too dirty. you don't want to be here. bad spirits here. father law warriors to run over here after a beer, somebody and ran here and she kept solution in no weapon

south. there's a whip that punish himself. everybody saw him running away from the school. so they said i did it again. now i guess he was running all the time to to the cabin to hear her brittany or something happened ah abandon since the late 1990 s. the huts are almost intact time had stood still ah, the ghosts are all that remains of the trauma that haunts edmund and the 1st nations peoples every single day. ah,

that's how i grew up in it is really hard to to get over that. how do you get over that? one day? you wake up in jail. got thank with them. ah, cold drives everyone from the sidewalk. they are the only ones left street

indians. the image of the dying people tempted by a better life. first nations, a youth flee the poverty of the reserves, and end up here at the end of the road. in thunder bay, a daily grind of alcohol and drugs and the life of misery that no one pays any attention to any more. in the frozen downtown streets you survive anyway, you can a now 48 october is a survivor, a veritable miracle. like the rest of his family. he belongs to the last

generation, taught by nuns and priests with for a long time drowned his pain in alcohol like almost half the men in his community. for you. this music has kept me alive, kept me alive, and all these years now is 1112 years old. then going to worse code excursions, priest, i can see your name. ralph roy, you know, you know, are all full of. took advantage of a lot of world. moto was it was no wonder boys walking on the ice going to the trap line and we couldn't

go back because we're only way to cross the lake going in the bush and night time the police decided to come and sleep said me and why my sleeping way towards the night when zip my unzip, my my, my sleeping bag and grab the in man this and go i can hear some of them are my relatives didn't make it jerking themselves to death over doses. suicide, man, you know and i've done that before. i put a gun there before,

stick a needle in my arm to hoping to overdose. and i've been to jail in all good drug charges. i got a domestic violence beating up my ex wife, being out my girlfriends. and with that it's, it's hard for her 3rd, the scary thing to talk. what in his plight, otto has been able to count on his hand. yeah. coffee market. i know his lucky star recovery, greedy carter anthem the bear of clan. ha, with my grandmother. she always said to me, i never go to bed with dirty dishes on the table cuz little people walk around at night, spit on things as to why people get sick. she says,

and that's what they do. i usually try and do my dishes before i go to sleep. all the time. i know suffered a lot too. when the residential schools it is a memory she still finds hard to talk about. well, i have when i had my phone from here, so i can say he's 20 here. what i have to say certain that we say now it is mad. running late talking about it.

but yeah, what it made me, it made me i'm the person i am today because i'm afraid i don't give up with anything i know has always wanted to break the vicious circle of trauma. she remained silent on the subject to protect grandchildren and spare them the fate that befalls most of the communities. youngsters. ah, unlike their loved ones, they have not experienced residential schools. ah, yet all seem to carry the burden and 43 percent. the 1st nation

youths between the ages of 12 and 24 have addiction issues. women are the biggest victims. in canada, indigenous women are 7 times more likely to die or to be killed than white women. victims of the violence inflicted by men, whether white or indigenous, broken by the inherited trauma of colonization, we are targeted as easy prey who this time aside phenomenon was acknowledged by the state after a 2 year nationwide study. oh i

i am a product of the residential school. i was raped by a priest when i was young on my reserve. i was raped by 2 police officers here in thunder bay, one of 20012014. i've been beaten by men by my partners. really bad where my doctor, my doctor file is about that thick with pictures of you couldn't even recognize my face. broken bones no more stolen sisters. no more so no more. it's dawn with

stolen sisters. more than 4000 of them in 30 years i. it's a phenomenon rooted in the country's history. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy confrontation, let it be an arms race is on very dramatic development. only personally and getting to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful. very difficult. time time to sit down and talk lou in louisa hunter, russian state patrol never. i've side as i'm phoning most. i'm seeing with

55 with. okay, so 9 is 25, i'm speaking with ben in the european union. the kremlin. yup. machine. the state on russia for date and split our t spoke neck, even our video agency, roughly all band on youtube with ah mm hm. very travel. canada hasn't been very good ha, to indigenous women and girls who have been missing or found, murdered because of structural racism, history,

the cloning of history that canada has with indigenous people and communities. and it's so shameful history and a history that calendar doesn't like to talk about not until just into those election in 2015, with the to abuse of colonization. finally shattered her on being elected. prime minister, the young head of state give a message to the 1st nations community working together. hi, emily. the government of canada, sincerely apologize, us and asks the forgiveness of the aboriginal peoples of this country for failing them. so profoundly have to apologize and to residential school

victims. the prime minister tackle the scandal from us for many decades, indigenous women and girls across canada have disappeared, suffered violence, or been killed. it is shameful. it is absolutely unacceptable, and it must. and how for the 1st time in the country's history, he acknowledged genocide. this is a gift to the prime minister. 6 just intruder has raised the hopes of an entire people, but indigenous women are still dying. ah. after all the promises.