all in the sense that she wants the precious da da china controls the global process and industry almost 90 percent of rare earth and 60 percent the fleet, him a process thing. china will, will identify strategic project all along the supply chain, from extraction to refining from processing to recycling. oval build ups, her teacher cruisers. to worry supply is at risk. so i guess is bad when china makes resource deals but good when europe dies, because europe would never, ever consider its mercantilist approach. a kind of neo colonialism, even though it's foreign affairs chief, joseph burrell, literally compared europe to a garden and the rest of the world to a jungle during his speech last year. speaking of which beryl has also recently got off in blatant search of natural resources to africa, saying that he needs them for europe screen agenda. but the big question is whether these countries to which european leaders are going cap in hand, are willing to play on the west's terms when it seems to be pretty clear that they

hold a good hand of cards. love is rob for not from the newsroom, but of course the stories never stop and r t dot com. do check on the latest news and views. there are when you can allow catch you again at the top 5 for not ah, hello, i'm manila chan. you are tuned into modus operandi there showed that dive deep in the global foreign policy and international relations to examine their methods and patterns in its history that reverberates in our lives to date. space is perceived to be neutral territory regardless of earthly tensions. the final frontier is supposed to be the borderless zone where nationality doesn't exist,

but with more and more countries building their own space programs. will we soon see the cosmos as the next battlefield? we'll discuss it. all right, let's get into the m o. me. we look up at it every day, most notably, we pay attention to it at night space. we look up to the sky at night, and marvel at the light delivered by the moon. in the old days, it was the space race between the united states and then the u. s. sr to triumphantly plant the nation's flag on its face. the soviet sputnik one was the 1st spacecraft, a satellite to be exact, to be launched into space. that was back on october 4th 1957. a few short years later, in april of 1961 russian cosmonaut uri garen became the 1st person in space than about a month later nasa. astronaut american allen shepherd followed suit,

setting off an unofficial space race between east and west. now on the ground, the cold war was heating up. the 1900 sixty's, were a volatile era for the west. with the u. s. being entangled in wars across se, asia and ramped up hostilities against the soviets. and much of that playing out in cuba. and in a divided germany at that time, and when the final year of that to mulch with decade, the u. s. pulled ahead in the space race. july 1969 saw american astronauts neil armstrong and buzz aldrin. becoming the 1st people to set foot on the moon, the us flag planted proudly on the lunar surface. now without conceit nor concession on the ground that us and u. s. s. our would later collaborate in space culminating in this historic 1st

the one me when we open. oh, they are in by 975, the docking of the american apollo spacecraft to the soviet saw use capsule. american astronaut, general tom stafford and his russian counterpart, general alexi leon of scene here in what's now known as the 1st handshake in space . marking the 1st joint international mission, the apollo saw use task project and what some refer to as the 1st falling of

relations between the u. s. and soviet union. now that handshake turned to men from 2 very different countries, into legends. now i had the great honor of interviewing general stafford and leon are many years back. and they told me that handshake in space led to a life long friendship. b. f. f. best these here on earth until general leonor passed away in 2019, at age 85. but there, handshake and subsequent friendship served as a harbinger for relations between their respective home countries. almost mirroring one another by the 1990s, after the fall of the soviet union, the united states and russia were regularly cooperating in the field of science in space. by the early 2, thousands nasa relied on launches to the international space station out of the russian owned by con, or cosmic drone. and over the last 2 decades, new players to the game. china, india, the you, japan,

and many others. believe it or not, a whopping 72 countries have some sort of space program. however, only 14 countries have the ability to launch objects in the space. even fewer just 6 countries have functional, substantive space programs. in the traditional sense that you're probably thinking . but the most jarring and disruptive of any of these basic founded by billionaire you are mosque and a couple of other private sector commercial endeavors, such as blue origin, bye amazon billionaire, jeff bezos, or serial entrepreneur. sir richard branson, a virgin, not to mention the 10s of thousands of satellites up there, used for everything from your gps to military spying. and everything in between. everyone is up in space. it's getting so bad that space junk is becoming a topic for concern. because who wants

a piece of satellite falling into their yard, right? well now, with so many people armed with the technology and worse weaponry to go into space, a new multi polar space race is brewing. so as they say, what can go wrong for that will turn to professor of based law at the university of nebraska professor from launder, dunc professor bonder don't, has served as adviser to the dutch government, several foreign governments as well. the european commission, the european space agency, the u, when the o e. c d, the list goes on professor thank you for joining us. first professor, you are a based lawyer. what exactly is a space lawyer? i mean, to the surprise of many, myself included. this is an actual area of law tell us about this specialty and how

it actually works. well, that's a great question. and many people i assume when they hear the word space. ready think about suing somebody else in, in court on a space issue, or that is not what most space lawyers do not yet, that may change in the future with more and more private space activities, but currently space lawyers to the people who are engaged as part of the private sector management team, in, among the legal issues on contracts on the buying licenses. there are space lawyers work for governments in posing licenses and developing further regulations on how space deducted their space for both each member organizations like nations, telecommunications, the same type of stuff. then you have reached a number of people like me teach space more complex research

investigates. she what the problems are and what the solution we now also a lot of consultants around i'm also consultant to. ready part of what i do, which means that i advice, 5 upgrades and governments government stations. yes, jason space explores which is basically the global pop up estimate. most all the timely issues and then only at the bottom. and there are a few people who actually go to court and she someone else because of the space mission. many countries now have a space program. and when the old days it was really a space race between the u. s. and soviet union. but today, there is nasa, there was the russian program, the chinese have one, india, europe as a joint effort among various countries. so how much space law work is it? i don't know, perhaps comparable to maritime law in many respects, cities and what would be the most fundamental barrison maritime roll. the

large extent us with the area of the high seas, which is where every, every stage of principle we want to once invest ship with all the nations of spraying that feed him. and the same baseline applies to outer space as well. space is also a fleet area. i usually. ringback referred to as low global commons, which kind of gives us some rational area. there's no single state which we call the 2, which means that space law, limitations that seem to be developed on an international level by 3 to ball. and that's also a maritime law going back to the 1st part of the. ready question, the fact that more and more states space, you mentioned only the most or once, but they're also countries like the zillow do use. yeah, i, jerry are many smaller countries also get means of course that you have more and more states or something at stage one, the one hands are interested in

a fair share of rules or what they do want to space. they want to be projects and then about the liability of that the same time it makes it more difficult. all those states on the same page when it comes to what she actually picked up. so that since the development of international space more is a larger challenge than it was back in. ready ready just needed to so we do need states to re and basically rush and follow since currently several space programs run by both nations and the private sector. or once again i in the moon. the chinese have already sent an unmanned explorer to the far side of the moon. nasa intends to go back to the moon in a few years and even stand up a lunar space station. the chinese have expressed a similar goal. can any state lay claim to the moon? i mean, if not the, the whole thing. maybe just parts of the moon. know most mostly things in the sense,

like you could say this is now my territory is kind of an extra terrestrial province of united states from china. that the most important piece of space more than 7 office space duty, which by the way officially recognized for all the states. anyone who something in the space has signed up to that. so that we provide a baseline you that outer space 3 t and makes very clear that's no longer can appropriate it as the sheets, any part of the space or can space real estate sales become a thing. and what would that sort of law even look like? would this look like, i don't know the wild, wild west in the 1800s with gold miners just simply link cleaned up a plot of land. i mean, can one just lay claim to 5 acres on mars and 20 heck there's on ferries?

well, in a sense, because already happens that because those already nights and 18, there was an american businessman managed to convince local park. and that following such laws on how a fire russian coach obtain property over lands in the united states and the well list that they applies to the mood any place since we go multi 1000000000 by. ready parts of the box this strictly speaking is for the fact that he used us last year, like the moon is soon evident contradiction to the fact that moves no part of the united states. so whatever last the united states and better for supplies of interest as well, may have in place for allowing 5 citizens like the ownership over 5 parts of lance . that's more only applies to the frontier issue. and since the moon penalties part of any punchy at all because of the space cheeky which i spoke about

earlier, which does not apply to the room. again, it hasn't kept many people from buying parts, but each time there was a period when this was me. hi, over news, and every 2 weeks i bought an e mail or someone say, don't, can i buy this? should i buy this? i bought this for me. i was always there shape. no, you can buy the same watch for off the price for me, which tells you, you know, this basically, i don't want to use dirty words, but instead what i'm saying, which means strong, right? all right, so for some trusting individual out there, dreaming of owning a piece of the moon, or mars, or another celestial body, it may be prudent to check with the space lawyer before proceeding with that deal. but for nation lawyers are an essential necessity in this uncharted territory. more than ever, when we return, we'll discuss the growing possibility of military rising. the moon said type the m

o will be right back i ah, with a is the aggressor today, i'm authorizing the additional strong sanctions today. russia is the country with the most sanctions imposed against it. and number those constantly growing up in the future, like almost a believe in the most in mine, or wish you were banding all imports of russian oil and gas new g.

i g over with the letter, you know, with joe biden, imposing these sanctions on russia. you know, has destroyed the american economy. so there's your boomerang. ah,

the space is a bit more complicated now with not only sovereign states, i'm the moon once again. but now we have entered the era of commercialization of space. private sector space tourism is now a reality, and so is the potential of militarize in the mood. professor from vander dunc is staying with us to continue this conversation. so professor, there are thousands and thousands of satellites floating around up there. space tourism is fast becoming tangible for more people. i mean, still a very small elite few, but still it's a reality now. is there any fear within the space community that space junk or space traffic could cause catastrophic or even deadly accidents?

i mean, how was, i don't know what else to call it, but how a space commuting gonna work? well that's, that's absolutely a very important issue. so far, the main concerns are with that course space because there are no that many space objects which will show 5 b, n g. you basically talk about some of the largest set lives, which i'll shoot or maybe a space station, maybe called the russians 2 months ago. she dropping the space station or something which was posing them. but that's not, i mean that's just a few space object which are big enough despite we. ready so the main concerns currently i with stuff happening in our space and then is huge. sure. not just the space to as before, any satellite activity. part of the problem is that doesn't speak with which is part of why even a chinese part. yes, a national shoes or. ready great damage to. ready all upset like so these concerts

are actually bare. i want to say that as a lawyer, as more fisher more can obviously it helps mitigate that. but we're nearly needs to be down as a willingness to develop the willingness to spend money on that. i've already said lexical plans patched to take out the most dangerous satellites which are no longer a consult. ready for to clean up re refraction cleaners, stuff like that. certain parts which are already being moved to the space junk space with the form there are fairs that given the political problem here on earth that it has bled over into space. where once upon a time, the so called final frontier was where earthlings of all nationalities were able to not only co exist, but cooperate for the greater good of mankind. now we're seeing countries withdraw

from the i s s. program. we're seeing earth hostilities and animosity convey in space programs. the newest example, the essay, the europeans cancelling their future contract with ross cosmos, the russian program. what would happen if this trend continues? well, it's certainly. busy a bad sense that we know there's no way for you to be in that space and have a central server at the same time. there are 2 issues which makes me which makes me still a possibility that it will not end in the worst case scenario. that space part. ringback of a war or something like that, right? for one, despite all the, all the bad stuff going back to russia and since they still work together on the space station is probably the only part the only area will still work together just

to couple of days ago. space actually us company flew a us ashton or to us as small as japanese and the russian s na, student space station. so for whatever reason, and through whatever miracles they have been able to keep the space station corporation outside of all the conflicts that are going on elsewhere, the boy pulse, we feel mostly need her stuff to russia safe. of course, no one knows how long, how much longer that will survive, but it tells you that there's something special about space. and for example, taking the wrong picture. going also back to the space junk issue. there isn't understanding. those really are gates of space, in which case humanity was really in the same boat in one life boat, which is cool for us. and everybody's in the same boat. everybody's in the boat. so

there is this kneeling or this. this is this idea that, that may present this from you know, or prevent some, some of us, at least from, from simply use space for their own limited national benefits. it's no space. john . john doesn't discriminate. you may blow up somebody orders or somebody else's sent life, but the smell should put back to you on your own chef lights your own space. and it's ironic that last december, which is more rushing to do up their own set lives in our space just to show some muscle and show that if something happens, we are able to shoot american satellites in wisconsin. the west michigan target practicing with the me off the dish. threat of the space them to context of the space station, the safety sheets, which means that it should part of space to be come too close for comfort to the space station. sure. everyone in the space station scrambles or to whatever. ready

vehicle is dr at that point space station kind of life or situation so that really much it's without minute within a week in this situation of the russian space, the 2nd space, 6 people from the space station lifeboat are 3 of the russians. so it tells you that i should up to stuff you also can damage your own space operates. so again, it doesn't before we move that's happening in our space. but at least it just kind of checks on the feasibility of the worst, noting moreover that i don't think anyone has yet figured out. our space would contribute gyms of actual representation and stuff like that to a water space can be used for also gone and spare position has been your voting

minutes. but if you really want to harm the phones in warlike. ready situations they are easier and much less costly, waste space and instruction. donald trump was marked for launching space force, but the star wars program actually existed during the reagan years. and after the fall of the soviet union, that program went dormant. now that space force is an official branch of the u. s. military is their cause for concern. that space will also become militarized. milk, so much as people. for starters, that make clear that space has been achieved militarized from the spot. you know, major reason for the space race. so thanks for students. this technology for suspects is for spying if you will. and there were some other concerns as well. like with shipping. ready countries want to. ringback show the rest of the world,

the political system was spirit one and one way of doing that was. ready space french was also clear, middle situation from the get go, both sides and satellites for military purposes. so when people talk as if space is about 2 minutes rise, that's gross misconception, because it has militarized from the start. what isn't what is not militarized. there were also did a tardy stations actually for liberty. it's use actual celestial bodies such as the moon and march. so there you cannot find art nation conformity with the space d 5, any military base, any any station or reference that does not apply to the point of space. so that's number one. and so far as far as i know, no weapons have actually been tested on the moon. the only thing which is possible is that you've been military personnel for scientific purposes. and again,

we should realize that out of the 12, all of us actually set foot on the moon. never when military for the navy 5, it's our or air force. so it's clear that this is sort of a misconception. warranty space. fortune particular, just much fun has been made of that. i'm not sure to be honest whether some actually realized what a space for us to do. he's probably not going to start, keep us in mind carrying guns and rolling over the order to fight anyone. but just, well, that's not what space for necessarily is all about. we should realize that the russians and the french and chinese have their own space for us. so when it comes to assessing whether this means escalation or risks or over the actual course spanish that actually brings us to this to the intelligence. well,

i simply don't know whether this is moved or was part issue, reaction chinese and russian give hosting their space for sure which patients injectors it's a reaction to escalation on the side or to which extent we develop the space for us . and more importantly, if that will happen, if, if we find people wrapping up the actual with it's very obvious based whether that is me shaking escalation, which will be triggered some reaction from the, from. ready russia. ready chinese, so it's, that's more of an intelligence few on wish to blame for escalation depending upon your knowledge of what's going on there. and i don't have that knowledge, professor fronds mondor dunc of the university of nebraska. thank you so much for sharing your expertise with us. thank you very much. well,

i guess space is sort of like the paradox of schrodinger's cat. the cosmos belong to no one yet everyone at the same time. so it's up to all of us on earth to agree that up there. we can't do the same that we've always done down here. that's gonna do it for this weeks episode of modus operandi the show that dig deep into foreign policy. i'm your host manila chan. thank you for tuning and we'll see you again next week to figure out the ammo. ah mm ah ah

ah germany is foreign minister and i mean a better box at the white barn out loud when she gleamed. european nations are fighting a war against russia. indeed, what has been called the gap is in fact the truth. the collective west is at war with russia and their client state ukraine is losing with

a headline stories from that being said, posted malignant influence in the middle east to fueling the ukraine crisis to around itself to they blame for stirring up trouble across the world. at least according to the u. s. secretary of state and is really prime minister. we've been holding talks in israel will outcomes in the wake of a drone attack in around it on the has reportedly some and i ukrainian diploma for question. after a talk he of officials said attack on the country is expected. i made claims it's supporting rushes, military also filed for other countries. right. expect them not to interfere in the bilateral relations between.