a, a brazil has been one of the countries hit the hardest by the coven pandemic, and recently shire both scenarios. government has back measures to ease economic hardship for citizens. this included a 50 percent increase and welfare payments for brazil's poorest, but these payments will only continue until the end of the year. a move that several have blasted as a cynical, an opportunistic electoral ploy. so what's the cost of having a right wing leader versus the left wing leader like mueller da silva for brazilians. and regardless of who is in power, what will this mean to the brazilian economy? will be diving into these topics and more. i'm christy i and you're watching the cost of everything. ready mm ah

also laurel and lula have both played their part in shaping brazil as political landscape. both men have built up a group of loyal supporters who believe that their way is the correct and right way for brazil's future. over the last 4 years are both narrow, has within to power by drawing on the rising discontent with the workers party government, which had been in power since 2003, and stood accused of grand corruption. both the nora who was a long time member of congress and defender of military prerogatives portrayed himself as a political outsider, with conservative values. his rise was as much a condemnation of previous left leaning governments as a victory for conservatism. in brazil. under his rule, he questioned the role of the supreme court and approved policies that have devastated the amazon rain forest. however,

loyalty to his right government remained unconditional among a base dry, heavily among the police. the armed forces, big businesses and rural land owners. these land owners supported both and all because of his opposition. the workers parties, proposal for land reform and lands. redistribution. lula, on the other hand, has ruled from 2003 to 2010 after winning to 4 year terms and office, and helped to lift citizens out of poverty. he reduced deforestation by over 70 percent and pundum billions of dollars into social programs to help brazil's problems with inequality. he increased minimum wages, establish a family grant program that helped millions of families. however, under lula business leaders argued that brazil just lost a competitive edge against international rivals. this actually may lula very popular. however, his success was marred by controversy as he was slapped with corruption charges

that originate from a money laundering investigation known as operation carwash. he was found guilty in 2017, and not allowed to run for reelection in 2018. but the tides soon turned again as brazil supreme court overturned the conviction, citing technicalities. while we all know what that means, these technicalities cited that lula right to a fair trial had been compromised by a biased judge. so what does that stake here, and what does it mean for the future of brazil? and to help us break it down further on how the cost of lula da silva and j year both scenarios, economic plans have effected brazilians, is william mindset, or professor of social movement, and leader and local coordinator, lula da. so let's campaign and fabio the nini journalist and politics editor of fall, how does sol paulo, an author of euphoria and failure of great brazil, both of them joining us from south paula brazil,

fabio. what's the current status of brazil's economy? can we compare economies drain lula, da silva and ministration versus gyre. both scenarios, government well when louis presidents from 2003, 2010, it was a period of strong growth in brazil. lula enjoyed a very favourable and positive i international environments of the price of commodities, which are the bulk of brazil's exports, like iron ore saw bees, but others as well corn. and it was very heights at the time oils as well. ah, angela benefits from this bonanza, so to speak. val sonata is president, drink a much more challenging periods. we've had the pedantic, of course, not as the war in ukraine. ah, and sobel sonata beauty bower, it was, had a smaller rate of growth that then lewis. so las campaigning on trying to come back

to the good old times of, of his 1st governments actually he was present twice was re elected, so to governments of mueller and de campaigning on brazil will be a happy country. again, people have food on the table. we have even money for us, mo, barbecue, and on, on weekends and so on. and bull sonata a has been affected by a heinz lation in low growth, at which is part of a global phenomenon. and both now uses this in this elements as, as, as sort of an excuse for what's been going on in brazil. but both the nato has also been affected. boston as government has also been affected by his, his very poor response to the pandemic. bosa, brazil, i had issues buying vaccines for example. and so would the economy was, was affected by, by, by this the government's response should have been danica was recovered

a bit later didn't deny den was predicted at but, but let more, more recently are present both. so not a as managed to, to prove in congress a few, a social benefits a she a several measures in congress that are putting more money into the mouth of resilience. 1 ah, he's also pressure put pressure on, on states to reduce text on fuel for example. so inflation is coming down little bit because the price of fuel, of gasoline is coming down. ah, but even eat. but is spite of this slight improvements in the india economic outlook of brazil the less a few months? the situation still are not very good. so i was not as being affected a lot by the can on the issue. and especially when lula compare situation, we have to the brazil to the situation we heads when he was the president. the

country is very big, obviously, and there are substantial financial cost associated with each election cycle. so what are some of these costs and who is ultimately responsible for bearing these costs? very, very straight here, because there's a lot it for problem solving to the elections. last year's, last lashes. we historically had reached candidates always in advantage the elections and now it's if you reduce, you can see in the streets. you can see that for example, people, people, candidates, ah, was good opportunities in his elections because of the quality that public funding brings to the selection. this is the answer. well he and my friend bobby, as any thank you so much for coming on today from sao paulo, brazil, and after the break brazil's polarizing topics such as abortion rights, taxes,

religion and gun ownership have been quantified the cost of the new gun laws and brazil can be counted in dollars, we have another great panel, a guest. when we come back with, ah, ah, is your media reflection of reality? in the world transformed what will make you feel safe? isolation, whole community? are you going the right way or are you being with what is true? what is great? in the world to corrupt you need to descend, ah,

join us in the depths or remain in the shallows? ah, ah, none of what is be spoken by the united states all by you when he's truly that fighting a war, essentially to prove when the better done the surgeon. so crushing forward once again in, in this region and saw that is one of the limit i've, what is it, is it possible? ah, some nations may be able to turn a blind eye to atrocities in other countries. the united states of america is different. wearable people long to be free, they will find a friend in the united states. ah,

with a little bit about it evolved anybody? basie? since only city, if you draw the look at the book, they incentives of each cigarette. a few color revolutions is one among several means to reach the goal of conquering foreign lands and bringing them onto the hell of u. s. western economic interest. people think sadie, i didn't get to it. everybody did them. okay. yeah. getting the training coral activate sol, suite, that's a little bit of our america. the final goal of these thing revolutions is to ensure that there are no independent players in the world anymore. oh, there are many polarizing topics and politics these days,

abortion rise taxes, religion, and gun ownership. they are universal no matter which country you go to. so let's take a closer look at brazil's changing stance on gun ownership. in 2018 the year before year both scenario became president. brazil had one of the highest homicide rates among the developed countries. $27.00 per 100000 people. this compared with the 5 per 100000 in the u. s. and the point 5 per 100000 in china in 2018 also now decided that guns will help to defend people as an equalizer. brazil had since added more than 400000 licensed firearm owners. and these owners had to undergo a psychological and technical applique to screening show proof of employment and explain why they want a firearm as a prerequisite. so now the big question is with the population of firearm owners,

more than doubling, did violence increase or decrease? instead of surging crime, decline sharply in brazil in 3 years. under both scenario, the homicide rate has fallen 34 percent to $18.00 per 100000. that's a pretty impressive figure already, but it actually gets better homicide cost society a lot. the impact a psychological and economic and it starts in the detectives on the street trauma surgeons that the hospital, the economic loss of the victim from production and not to mention tourism dollars loss as certain places become deemed unsafe. one study that attempted to quantify this estimates the average economical cost of each homicide to be $17200000.00. last spring in dr. kristen smith, professor of african and african diaspora studies at the university of texas and fabi as a meanie politics editor of full. how does paulo,

an author of euphoria and failure of great brazil? so christ and we just talked about the cost of homicide on society and how that figure has been greatly reduced after bolton aro, change the gun ownership laws. what are the other costs associated with this change, such as the firearm exporters who are now taking advantage of this increase in market share? i mean, i think it's important to recognise the conservative back job to this decision. i think that brazil has always had a policy no, no, no private gun ownership. and so this is a huge, a huge social change. when he, when he implemented this particular new law. and i think that the, the aspects of it that are not readily apparent. so people

are the fear of vigilantes that are off, so now circulating wildly because of and so i, i actually hesitate to associate the drop in the homicide rate with gun ownership. i don't think that that actually i personally don't think that that's the connection there. i think that in actuality, there probably would have been a drop in rate anyway, simply because of the cobra, $900.00 and then make and other factors in the country. and so i think we have to really be careful to see one with the other. but i do know that there is a general sense of fear among chicken, the working class folk, and particularly people of color to black people in brazil who really fear vigilante, of them and violence are typically racially most close motivated violence at their

expense. and so that's one of the things that i think that people don't necessarily see there and also not really understanding the, the class and race i mention of gun ownership. and so the most of the people who have been pleased with this decision have been right then that's something to keep in mind. and father, what is our tank on the cost of changing gun ownership and miss al wearable scenarios. one of his main policies doing government has been trying to increase the legal framework for brazilians to own guns and to carry guns. ah, he's a, he's a, he's, if a military man, he's a, a retired captain from the army and he is supported by gun owners all around the country and military and from a policeman and so on. so his so that the issue of guns has been very heavy on both of those agenda has always been very heavy. he's the day she was

a congressman and he was a deputy for 28 years. and he had the spect form of gun ownership. and his has, his tried to expand it very much. he hasn't be able to do everything that you wanted. because some of these degrees and acts were deemed illegal by the supreme court and even by congress. but his manage to change some minor rules that indians have resulted in more brazilians having access to guns and more brazilians have the access to ammunition. at the same time, the levels of, of criminality of homicides, especially homicides, have been coming down in brazil for, for quite some time. brazil's a. busy levels of commonality are not the best, of course, but they have been improved the empathy for the last 2 years, both and i was trying to link one thing to the other, which is, i think, and most pundits believe it's

a bit of an exaggeration because the fact that crime has been going on in brazil owes to a lot of things. it's a demographic change. it's a social economic change it's. it's a legislation, a change of the but also not as been trying to stick to, to show a cause and effect relationship between a him giving more access to brazilians, to guns and this phenomenon he's, he's been repeating this in his campaign allots. but i would say it's to, it's a bit premature. just stablish this link, turning back crystal, another big threat to brazil society is that posed by illegal mining organizations are now pushing for a crackdown on unregulated gold flows. because now illegal mining impact the sectors reputation. so what are the costs associated with these black market minors? no, definitely. i think this is a huge issue and i actually think it's important to put legal mining together with

other factors. like be illegal, seizure of land and climate change, deforestation because all of them go hand in hand. i think that we have to remember that this in legal market around old and my name is very much tied to a desire to disenfranchise indigenous and black people from their lands. in brazil, it is also part partly what speeds and, and kind of phone mans of very wild west approach to the north east, north eastern politics, north and north eastern politics and the political landscape bear. and so a lot of the illegal mining should be associated with

large land holding lee and, and corporate official, official corporate how do i say that corporate and stakeholder corporate stakeholders i'm coming in and being able to explain the environment and ways that i don't have any accountability within the state structure and i think that's one of the most unfortunate down side of this. i think that is always going to leave my father. isn't illegal lining hurting bazillions. alternately. it is a huge course. i wouldn't have a number here on top of my mind, but the legal mind is a huge probably brazil and bo sonata has sympathy for,

for these illegal miners. most of these miners are my need the ever. so for example, ditch in digital, lance, which is of course illegal of these illegal miners cause all sorts of, of deforestation, environmental problems, health issues towards the business people's achilles and so on, both so that'll defensible sonata and his allies, especially in the every cultural sector, defense a change in the law, they are they, they try, they're trying to change the law. there's, it doesn't actually a projects a bill in congress to change the law in order to make it possible for a minor said other economic activities to happen inside indigenous less for example. but there's huge opposition to this move by the indigenous environmentalists left wing parties and pundits in universities and so on. so it's,

it's a big struggle. and chris then another make essay here is to for station in the rain forest, which is often referred to as the lungs of the earth. the for station has skyrocketed under most in r and was reported to have broken all records in the 1st 6 months. a 2022. so what's your take on the issue and how are both candidates addressing this? yeah, i mean, i think deforestation. probably one of the most. i mean, it's hard church, it's hard to think about what, what are the most alarming after effects of this administration. but i think deforestation is definitely one of the most alarming. i think that it can, i think it's important to remember that this is part of a general or general political plan to really destabilize black and indigenous communities who have in special land in the north the amazon region in the northeast. and push on

the ways that both allows which have everything to do with his desire to really undo many of the advancement that can happen around environmental protection, but also around land. right. and i think that that's something that we cannot, you know, we can't get more and we can't decide. now that this is a multi tiered issue with a multi dimensional. it's more and it has to do with the legal. busy logging in the amazon region, but it also has farming and amazon reaching and particularly it's particularly cattle, cattle raising and so farming. and so these 2 industries have been at the root of

a lot of the deforestation that's been happening in that area. and have also been at the root of undermining the the advancement that indigenous and black residence have had in laying claim to their ancestral man. and so, you know, there's a, there's a way that all of these issues go together. and i think that one of the, one of the pit brought to the conversation has been an attention to environmental dimensions of this. and not a lot of attention to, to the race in class, that means and the counting dimensions of it. and i think you have to look at them altogether because it's part of a broader violet. and i would actually think that a genocidal aspect of this administration that is undermining

the black in addition to populations that will be to sustain itself. and. and that has a lot to do with not only as i mentioned before, illegal mining, but also illegal dami, creating dams in places that devastate and split out communities basically, deforestation, logging. all of these things are leading to devastating flood destabilization of the earth and me by that land live. all of these kind of environmental disasters that are happening in, in the northern and eastern region across the country that are related to deforestation of which we're particularly talking about the amazon. all of these things that are happening are really part of a broader kind of systematic neglect

that supposed not an administration has engaged and not only just kind of but also, but also once we incentivize an environmental degradation, which i think is just appalling and alarming. and, and something that we should all be deeply concerned about latin pac. there are. thank you both dr. kirsten smith and fabi as an e for joining us today. now when it comes to brazil's economy, there are winners and losers. this was the most polarized race. in decades, brazil's presidential elections come at a time when latin america's new, pink time appears to be gathering pace. left of center candidates have won elections in mexico, argentina, bolivia, peru, and honduras. in recent years. this new group of presidents, place climate policies and gender issues at the forefront of their policies. so who

will win when it's all said and done, will it be the brazilian economy? well, it's people when it's a close call, but it's a fact that the brazilian economy is really starting to struggle. now in the aftermath of the pandemic. thanks for watching. i'm christy i and i'll see you next time on the cost of everything. ah, ah, museums are important for preserving our history so that it is a loss to future generations. but our physical museums, places themselves a relic of the past. this is one of the best museums of the world, but from a touch of st. petersburg to help refuse the director here and i bet the house with

november 22nd 2020 to outraged orthodox christians confronted ukrainian security service offices, looking entrances and exits to keep the oldest monastery. they were looking for a russian spies among the monks. we mean dealer seeming us or former reason for the brutal crack down one church. his parishioners said, song, a song about russia. ah, it's wrong been reason enough to condemn any orthodox christian attack in prison and even kill them. russia, what i knew, rush up, i need to figure out how many miles store new store of cross layla fenusse taught

us you use a sample i use from his dog with ah, the claims of the king of the belgians, leopold the 2nd to the congo were finally, authorized by the leading european countries in 1885 in the very heart of the african continent. a state under the rule of the belgian monarch was declared. since the beginning, the congo free state was total may him for the local population and functioned as a universal concentration camp. the majority of the population, including women and children, were forced to work on the rubber plantations. those who failed to fulfill their

quota were beaten and mutilated to keep the congolese people under control. the king set up the so called forest bleak which were punitive detachments that cast terror on the captured country and its inhabitants, fearing that their subordinates would simply waste bullets hunting for wild animals . the officers demanded that the soldiers gave an answer for every bullet used, and as proof presented a chop hand of an african, it was not uncommon when trying to justify the use of the ammunition. the colonist amputated the hands of not only those who were dead, but also of those who were kept alive. the atrocious exploitation of the congo turned into a real genocide. in only 20 years, the policy of the belgians led to the death of nearly 10000000 people alongside the holocaust. that genocide of the congo population is considered to be one of the grimmest pages in the history of mankind.

ah ah, saving clowns, washington fishing thing down. what is called a chinese weather balloon that drifted over the us despite numerous assurances, but it did not pose a threat as well as former prime minister attempts to broke at peace fail between russia and ukraine. last year was started by the us and its allies also ahead. less than a teaspoon of dry anthrax, a little bit about this amount. this is just about the amount of a teaspoon. we have 1st and description of biological weapons. factories on wheels and on rail should follow thirds that have claimed the lives of hun.