for them they are closed is now are they alone? buckhead ukraine. while notably into the geopolitics ventilation of products involving one of the diesel. but down they have an o do to bite us where they spindly associate. secondly, you know, they have the only economies i've been affected by covered in indian. and this was turf euclid, russia. so inevitably thought about losing interest is losing the capacity to finance tour briefings at the same time. but for us in uganda, we believe the solution doesn't lay in the 4 in support. the africans must build capacity to do these appropriately. the 2 5th for that you have, we need an african solutions for african problems or another part of the continent or sub saharan africa is now reportedly the world's epicenter of global terror.

that's according to the to the united nations, which says, thousands adjoining extremist groups mostly because of unemployment. among nearly 2200 interview ease, one quarter of voluntary recruits cited job opportunities as that primary reason for joining a 92 percent increase from the findings of a groundbreaking 2017 un dp study. sub saharan africa has become the new global abbey center, irvine and extremism with 48 percent of global terrorism deaths in 2021. the search not only adversely impacts lives, security and pace, but also threatens to reverse hod one development gains for generations to come. the findings follow the end and 2022 of an 8 year long paris lead military intervention in the south hell region of africa. a thousands of french and other nato troops were deployed to combat jihadist groups, but basically fail to make any real impact. a millions of people have also been displaced in what has been

a humanitarian crisis or the number of terror attacks have risen to an all time i. nigeria faced regional expert ali halifax. dick one is also concerned about what the u. n. report actually fails to notice. is there a way i'm in the natural resources. why don't you come to what you know then you know, what kind of mentality if you are going to be decided to lead me about the invasion of until it was with that hadn't been filed any after 5 years chatting, intelligent and even once and had been kind of to you and i would mention the names of the behind the

under development of the african american in so that they can answer and i would not be the in the in the brown but no one, no, no, i'm doing it on an independent a read more about that right now online at all t dot com, the french security forces. there was a, there to fight terror or what a there is local say to secure mineral resources in that region. read more about it . archie dot com. ah, i the phase has historically been an area of collaboration of the us and the soviet union collaborated on

a number of projects. and despite the tensions of the cold war a day that may no longer be the case. i'm because you're watching the cost of everything we're today, we're going to take a closer look at what it costs to fun. the great bass raised to point out, ah, the space raises heating up and the heat isn't just coming from international rivals. private companies have been disrupting the industry that was once under the sol purview of government agencies. over the last decade, commercial activity in space, more than tripled, growing to over $300000000000.00 in 20202021. 3 companies, space ex, blue origin and virgin galactic, achieve key feats and space, travel previously reserve to only countries. so how are these companies able to do that? it all had to do with scope, cost,

efficiency and speed. government projects tend to be big, think mega, dan. hi fi rails. the, i assess these projects are these quantum leap projects that attempt to achieve a massive gain in a single leap. and they're funded because they are massively impressive. unfortunately, most of them end up as being failures, as costs are never recruit. in contrast, private companies like space that limit their scope and grow incrementally. first, there was a falcon one than the falcon 9, then the re usable falcon 9. and finally, the falcon heavy. the company focused on solving one problem at a time like a satellite launch before extending it to a spacecraft and launching people. second, you have cost efficiency. like most things in the government, contractors are selected via bits, right now space suits are being built by 27 different companies that successfully

lobbied the government for peace of the action. in contrast, you long must space suits are created by one single contractor. in $118.00 space mission, nasa on average cost overrun of 90 percent. in contrast, over 16 missions space x only on average cost overrun of 1 point one percent. and finally, you have speed nasa project average about 7 years versus space x project, which average about 4 years space. x has one boss who executes decisions quickly, a sharp contrast to how the chain of command with a nasa bureaucracy work. now to further break it down, let's bring in hums hamid co chair of the space generation advisory council. so 1st off, why is the space race such a big deal? seems like it's a big attraction for millionaires to compete over as

a race to develop these rockets. but what's the end goal? and is it really something that ordinary people like you and i should even care about, you know, for me coming from a developing country like pakistan. the idea of outer space is always this fantastical sort of scene where only the rigid countries or the, you know, most highly developed economies had access and, and also needed. then as i grew up more and more and you know, started working the area space and space fund particular, i learned that almost everybody relies on space technology for almost everything that they do on a day to day basis. in fact, if i just try to think back to everything that i've done today, whether that be coming to work calling in newburgh, we're talking to my friends over the internet. you know, most of those activities involve some sort of communication with a satellite or reliance on space technology. and i think when you think of the class, when you, you know, see why the space race is such

a big deal is because as a community we want to, you know, do better or develop more, have better access to others, have better access to information. and space can serve as enabler to all of those things. in fact, from a development perspective. and then from the type of work that i do very often states can make access to education and access to opportunities even access to finance. so much more open and transparent, so many people as well as just allow people to get involved in activities that they would normally not be able to be involved in the past. and then so i think that's one reason why the space is such a big deal. and then i guess it's just also, you know, humanities wish or urge to always, you know, try to find out more about the universe about where we came from about all sorts of things that might be out there. that also make it quite

a big deal. so i don't think space is just around the billionaires and you know, highly developed economies. the thing is this, the common which, which is important for everyone and then can give benefits to everyone if utilized in the right way. yeah. so nasa has been called slow and antiquated compared to these new private space companies. why is that the case when nasa has such a big head start? if you think of the history of the space sector that it was always dominated by b space agencies. and that made a lot of sense because whether we admitted or not, the space race started from this desire of countries tip it to have greater superiority in terms of their defense. and so the prime initial use cases of the space vector are mostly based on defense and pen space was crossed,

the tied to the armed forces and also tightly under the ambit of governmental institutions. at the same time, if you go back to looking at the development or start of most of the face agencies, you'll find that their primary purpose research and you know, testing the boundaries of what's possible rather than commercial activities. so if you look at any space agency, whether that be nasa or you know, my, the space agency for my country box done, which is a particle. their primary goal is to conduct research and then facilitate an environment in which the space economy can grow. and i think most space agencies do that really, really well. they set out these ambitious programs that take a lot of testing research development. and then those programs and initiatives sort of motivate the rest of the community,

including the private sector to do more and grow more. and then the private sector being commercially focused and profit oriented sometimes does grow at a faster speed and, and much more disruptive speed, which i think is fine. and you know, i, i don't think it's a quest trying to compare state agency to the private sector. it's about trying to figure out how all of these different parts of the space puzzle together, which i think is the most important thing. and now if we have a sex blue origin and other private companies launching into space and handling all the satellites, telecom services, what's the point of nasa? do we technically even the nasa any more? and what benefits does not offer that private companies do not? oh absolutely, i think there are several reasons why space agencies and public sector bodies generally need to continue to exist and support the advanced technologies. like i

said, you know, the primary goal of these agencies from their consumption was to promote research and science and development. and not to, you know, make a profit. and whereas the primary goal of any private sector entity is to have a commercially viable business. and so, while, in my opinion, you know, where the space agencies and the public sector institutions can add the most amount of value in doing scientifically innovative thing is research projects, you know, testing the boundaries of what's possible and things that are highly capital intensive and probably not a palatable for the private sector because they might not be profit generating immediately. so the means the space agencies and public sector bodies in the space sector play that role of where they test out, where they come up with the best and brightest ideas. in terms of technology and

then you know, engage the private sector or push the private sector to turn those ideas and technologies into viable business models. so i certainly think that, you know, private companies, it's, they sax or blue origin. always seek to complement the strategies or the vision that space agencies put forward and then bring together and complement their work rather than compete with them. and i think it's house well in, within any government or within any country. the private sector works with the governmental institutions that determine the success of that particular countries based program. yep. so while it's primary purpose is to further space exploration, nasa has contributed quite a few inventions that benefit the public space today every day. items like memory full mattresses, freeze dried food, firefighting equipment,

emergency space blankets, all of that. all that started from nasa have private space companies contributed any benefits to the public? absolutely, i think a lot of private companies have dedicated programs and products that are designed to benefit the global community. a good example that i can point to, for example, is, is a lot of these private based companies that are working towards launching constellations that would provide internet access to areas of the world that might not be served with broadband. so a good example is, for example, starting from basics, which really does open up at 10 potential that had never existed before. right. it was almost impossible to get internet services in rural areas or where broadband service providers really couldn't make a good case to provide high speed internet and stay facts with starling satellites

. really, sol provides a novel solution to this problem which is internet enabled by small satellites and lower earth orbit. and i think that fantastic. and then there are so many parts of the world, including in developing countries where access to internet is a big, big problem. and it's largely an infrastructure problem, a problem that is very hard to fix for developing countries and then can be remedied through space technology such as a series of satellites that provide internet. another good example is the use of satellite data in disaster mitigation. so if you think of one of the main uses as that logic knology is arthur observation and remote sensing, which is when the satellites look down at earth and then help and provide data to those to government institutions as well as to, you know,

private entities regarding weather patterns regarding the movement of rivers regarding rainfall, soil conditions, all of which have a big, big public sector benefit. and then so i do think there are lots of examples. the private sector opening up its data, data to government entities and the public to allow for things like disaster management and in relief at the same time as providing services that are just beneficial the public generally rather than to make a profit. yeah, thank you so much. honda hamid for insights, but we'll have you back again on the space ways after the break. right, when we come back, countries are racing to launch their own base station instead of collaborating together in the international station at what cost don't go away. ah,

at this hour, american and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm iraq, to free its people. and to defend the world from great change. who's we with the food and medicine supplies and sleeping with ah, the international space station or the i s s is the only base station that's

currently fully operational. the u. s. russia, japan, europe, and canada collaborate on the i assess. and currently russia owns about a quarter of the i assess and is responsible for navigation and control of the spacecraft. but it had announced that it would end cooperation with the ice us after 2024 and instead build is own space station due to sanctions imposed by the west. this is a heavy blow, as it is not yet clear, the space station can remain operational without russia. instead, russia space agency unveiled a model of its own space station dubbed ross, suggesting that mosque out is serious about going at it alone. china was denied access to the i s s program and is currently building its own space station called can go translated as celestial palace, which should be fully operational by the end of 2022. once it becomes operational,

china is expected to be the only country to operate its own space station. now to further break it down, let's bring back in hunger hamid co chair of the space generation advisory council . so the i asked us is the most expensive item ever built and cost nasa about $4000000000.00 a year to operate? what does that money go towards and why is it so expensive? so i think the international space station, or the us, is a phenomenal example of multilateral cooperation. and how things can get done when you know the most advanced space, the economies of the world collaborate and do a mission together. it's served as human kinds, outpost in space for decades now, and is really fundamental, inspiring the future,

you know, thinkers, students, young professionals in the space industry. i think it's a super important project because it enables us to test technologies in outer space, which is not an environment we generally have access to here on earth. i think it serves as a testing as a, as a graph, as a station for experiments, whether those, the scientists, scientific experiments within various different deals. so there have been projects on diocese that have involved, you know, agriculture medicine as well as jakes and biology. all of which have have shown results that were not possible on earth. so i think it adds a lot of value with that. and then i think the facets served as and outpost to astronauts to go to space and then you know,

look back at earth to understand how the feeling of being and stay feels like and, and that whole collaborative atmosphere that mean different countries and also enabled countries that would normally not have access to space to have one of their astronauts in space, which i think is excellent with regard to why it costs so much. i think it's incredibly mm. cost expensive operation to run because it's jason outer space. i think all of those on that equipment costs a lot. i think the cost of the launch is really, really high. an old astronaut in the us need to be provided resources such as food, water, anything else that they need from earth. and so re supplying resources, dyess essence, obviously inexpensive process. then the i assess, is navigated through ground through ground station. so obviously providing ground

station support is an expensive, expensive tool. and just the upkeep of a space station is obviously a very expensive activity. and if you ask me whether or not it's worth it, i think it's completely worth it. it's inspire for many people to, to build more business models for space. and it's, it's great and it's a symbol of cooperation like we've never seen before. it's a good example of recent variation use of the i assess for innovation was when this based company use the us a lot launch port. right. so i'm sure you've seen videos where small satellites vertically thrown out of the us and deployed into orbit as an innovative mechanism to have satellites in space. and that was only possible through having a station like the ice that's out there. yeah. so while we have a couple of these alliances and space blocks here you have the russia, china block,

the air space, coordination group, and the euro block, etc. and while these blocks are gray and allow for nations to collaborate closely, do you think that there is a possibility that the more rigid these alliances become, the more likely conflict is to ensue between the blocks? so i think that's a great question, right? i think political powers and political factors are at play in every industry and you always find that they importance. if a sector grows more and more countries want explorer, it, and often countries tend to form blocks or alliances to try and further their common goals. or, you know, i've comes for the state for, for any sectors. i think space is the same where you see a lot of, you know, countries with common missions or common ideologies,

grouping together. and what you describe is these blocks to try to join leach bar space. and i think cooperation and collaboration is great and i, in my work on a day to day basis, we encourage corporation and collaboration on as multilateral level as possible. but then also on, on regional and bilateral novels, whether or not that leads to conflict in space. i think the answer to that is the same as whatever, you know, geopolitical situations are going on around the world at any given time. i dont think space has any particular id in this whole block diplomacy that goes on around the world at the un or at other international organizations. and. and i think it's just one part of the bigger picture.

i cannot specifically point to any, you know, geopolitical blocks and the roles that they play in, in the global space economy. but i do think collaboration and cooperation is the way forward. and there are rules in place that you get in the state sector in the form of the outer space treaty as to how, you know, a country or even a group of countries can and should use space. and then within the rules, you'll find lots of provisions relating to things such as the importance of demilitarization, a space of space, no use of space for you know, i versus replacing weapons on celestial bodies and things like that. so there are rules when it comes to defense and space and how they're interlinked. and then i

would imagine those rules to be followed and for space to continue to be a collaborative and cooperative stare for most countries. yep. and now, while previous endeavors were in the name of scientific exploration and discovery, today's face endeavors have an element of technology, security and communication. and does that change the nature of cooperation and collaboration between even friendly partners? it would be wrong to suggest that security was not always a part of space exploration. it always buys the space race was, you know, a big part of the cold war. and since then, security has only and defense have always been key elements of any countries development and stay sector whether or not that changes the way ways countries collaborate. i don't know,

i think the answer to that again is that space will always continue to be part of broader alliances and friendships that countries will build or you know, great off. i think it will always continue to happen. i think the impact of space technology, particularly and defense, will continue to grow as signs and technologies deployed in space, grow space technology now plays a much bigger partner in conflicts in issues that come up. and so obviously that will come up as, as a domain where countries might want to compete or had their own systems in place for, for reliability or further safety and security. i don't think it particularly impacts cooperation and collaboration between from the states as, as that's in the interest of the broader community. i think you'll always find that

the defense sector is separate from commercial private space. and then that's fairly for this reasons. countries like to deal with derrick with an sector in a particular way and then promote the growth space technology and thought a science in a different manner. and while that's not the most ideal solution in many countries, most countries still work like that. yeah, thank you. so much hands on me for joining us today. while nasa receive $23300000000.00 and funding for 2021 space x rays, a mirror, $1500000000.00 in the same year. but more money doesn't mean it's better. it's interesting that in the 21st century, the space race is no longer between countries, but instead between 3 private space companies must base ex bays those blue origin

and brands and virgin galactic. all 3 companies are pushing the boundary of humanities reach beyond earth. and each of them have a distinct goal and vision in mind. space sex wants to land on mars by 2024 blue origin. they aim to make space probably accessible to citizens and obtain new energy sources and materials from the for system. while virgin galactic, they're focused on sub orbital space experiences that include supersonic transport liners flying at mach 3. that would make the new york to london flight only 2 hours faster than the now retired concord. and now the success of these companies, they can benefit people greatly as it opens the doors for more advanced technologies to be adapted for the daily life. but until that happens, many critics claim that space exploration is a waste of taxpayer money that could be otherwise be redirected towards more impactful endeavors to help managing on. i'm christy. i. thanks for watching

you back here next on the cost with ah ah, so the fact that our western colleagues are so persistently chasing around the world demanding the condemnation of russia speaks volumes. if they use the same energy to make ukraine to buy them into agreements, we wouldn't need a special operation rogers for him. and if so, sort of a lot for off mocking the west over its diplomatic games in africa. as he visits to donald la, stop it with regional tour. disturbing video appears on line report, showing a ukrainian soldier executed the cuff through the russian p o w. and yet another instance of alleged war crimes committed by kias force. also it.