a only one main thing is important for knox ism internationally speaking, that is, that nations that's allowed to do anything, all the mazda races, and then you have the minor nation. so all the slaves, americans, proc obama and others have had a concept of american exceptionalism. international law exist as long as it serves the american interest. if it doesn't, it doesn't exist by turning those russians into this danger is boy man that wants to take over the world. that was a culture strategy and walked out of it on your own. i not leashed off teams. zip on and tablet block. nato said it's out. we move east and the reason us, hey jim, it is so dangerous, is it? the law is the sovereignty of all the countries. the exceptionalism that america

uses and its international war planning is one of the greatest threats to the populations of different nations. if nato, what is founded shareholders in the united states and elsewhere in lodge obs companies would lose millions and millions or is business and businesses good. and that is the reality of what we're facing, which is fashion. and when i was showing wrong, i just don't hold any world. yes. to see about the same because of the african and engagement. it was the trail with so many find themselves worlds apart. we choose to look for common ground.

a motion of them on you thought oh, nothing you. i mean you clean up he's you know, to go in a border with those rules. listen, look a, do you live muscles? do you look on the initial be one of club, not to get a dealer post on zillow while diaz can use to put value a new when you do origin, but you also still received on the zone if you're a similar to like, want to put that all gone, gone the believe just to see a what i see, denise teeny bus is no growth. you motivation says decent, you don't both . oh hello,

i'm manila chan. you are tuned into modus operandi this week. the battle for africa across the continent, a patchwork of political instability, steeped in centuries old french colonial past. and a modern africa shape its history and car of it's own pathway to prosperity without the west. for a better future. we'll delve into the resorts rich continent. all right, let's get into the m. o. lou. africans know their history. the massive continent was carved up by a number of empires through several centuries from the moores, who ruled the north in the 7th century a d. the dutch, down in the south during the 16th century and the french over in the west, in the 17th century, africa was always attractive to imperialist nations. and while french imperialism,

and by the late 18 hundreds, actual fall de colonization was said to be completed by get this. the 1900 sixty's . however, its impacts on the former colonies are still being felt today. whether it's the 4th purge of native languages or its entrenched ties on modern day banking systems, the french footprint is a deep one. now a modern africa is once again seeing the french return this time a charm offensive by french president manuel macro. in the summer of 2022. he visited cameroon beneath guinea b. so, algeria, nigeria, and then just months before his trip micro hosted the so called new france, africa summit, where he promised french investments in african businesses to increase influence in a way kind of paying penance for its colonial crimes. but at the same time,

trying to maintain its foothold in the region from that very colonialism. so what are younger african leaders think about this history and their predictions for the future. for that we are being joined by mister l hodge digit here. he's the president of the timber to center. it's a premier think tank and molly, focusing on piece building solutions in the saw how l hodge, thank you for joining us 1st. why does it seem like the world always focuses on, british colonial colonialism, but seem to forget the french history of colonialism as well? does it seem like france sort of gets a path? well, it's really important to let you know that the biggest colonization was an indirect role. and then the french colonization was aware of by the french colonizer, came even close to the language,

impose the way the colonized. can countries cited sort of bridges call on colonization? they came to africa learning history, culture and colonized african. but in general colonization, it's colonization date is no good. the colonization of the which countries in africa saw the french colonize, and what impacts do we still see from that today? can you sort of expand on what that french french influence looks like right now densely, and is all about governance level as you see what's going on in, in, in my country. and my, the actually there is a growing antique sentiment in the population because since 2012 and there was a conflict in nathan regional smiley and dan for the french source

is a better somebody can leverage their marcel regional smile. it asked us 10 years or better, shondae were there for safety against terrorism, about a population smiley. and in general, see laid spanish was coming again as a colonizer, due to, due to their behavior. and due to, due to their interest financing, progressing politics in and just to follow up. so we're clear in molly was the fear of french interference was an justified e. yeah. yeah, because they talk about it, there are the state of commodity. and also, as you know, the spanish, spanish, french forces application in not them army was not the result. so it was

a failure. and a lot of people really point out friends that he was not supporting, marty, talk to us a bit about what's called colonial debt. how does that relate to the infrastructure problems experienced by some of these african countries now in west africa, regions concert that the colonized by french that is that for instead you talk about because yes, today the real merchant colonization area. but we know that there is a lot of friends science, trans enterprises. and molly news yet, and we're not facile. and then you know how it goes. and those economy dynamics show how and show the gnostic. and so even talking about, you know, the exploitation of not yet others. so cities in our stuff that we had talked about

and attitudes were not as friends, have my house ties with ira in recent years. let's call them the micron era. there has been renewed interest by the french in various african states . specifically, nigeria, a manual micron seems to be doing a lot of courting of nigeria on something of a charm offensive. why? and yeah, as you know, the french is actually losing and the ex colony is like molly and these are so why there is a growing a new generation against the french williams and countries. and now is the way for them to diversify diversified their customers. and then find new passes and that's why it's like they're trying to get ties with niger. does

it have anything to do with nigeria as natural resources? as we all know that not a camps in africa and they have days, but also that's wrong. and i feel like one of interest can be no, i'm not sure. yeah. alright, al hodge, the jetty, a is staying with us. now, coming up next, we will delve into the finances of some african states under the control of france . is this financial guardianship need it? we'll discuss it when we return that type. the ammo will be right back. i ah, ah, in the counter russian state total never.

i've side as i'm phoning those landscaping div, asking him i'm not getting all sons and that for me could been a 50 babble been okay, so my niece group, i'm speaking with, we will van in the european union, the kremlin. yup. machines. the state aren't russia today? and split our t spoke neck, even our video agency, roughly all band to on youtube with me. what happens when you mix digital gains with actual physical sport? something like digital reactors. yes. because on is preparing to host the 1st ever

gains of the future. a cyber context with a physical dimension. one of the innovators, eager to study at all, is on the verge of redefining sports and gaming. he tells us what's behind this synergy, and if it's the future ah, lou to no one. no, sir. no, no. hon julio luna will go more shrill than what they should of unit 731 was a unique organization in the history of the world. what they were trying to do was to simply do nothing short, then build the most powerful and most deadly biological weapons program. that the world had ever known real

enough to build on it. so new look. ah, keep on no money to new mazda thought. this new, the all new. and i got the muscle. i understood enough about julie who knew he didn't know i had to put on the car. there was an all buddy bill, you know, nice little to do you want to on this she might new on it on all, i don't the you know, put them out to pick your boss

me welcome back to the m o i manila chance. so french, the colonization was completed in the mid 19 hundreds, several nations in africa seem to still have their finances in strictly tied to france. predatory loans and financial mechanisms continue to prey upon african nations, subjecting them to onerous debt repayment schemes, forcing them to privatize key social programs and economic sectors like health care and agriculture, and draining the content of its vast resources in min roles and people. it's often referred to as debt trap. diplomacy. a recent report shows that while $30000000000.00 reaches africa in western aid per year, about 6 times that amount leaves the continent. but the i m. f,

the international monetary fund and the world bank have been accused of being at the forefront of debt trap, diplomacy. both institutions famously called to account for their lending practices to 3rd world nations by john perkins, author of the now infamous book confessions i've been economic hit man. take gonna, for an example. recently in the western african nation, the government had a policy of giving subsidies to rights farmers in the north of the country to develop their industry. but when the i m f and the world bank gave gone much needed loans, one of the stipulations was that it would cut those subsidies using the money instead to finance the loans. and in turn, forcing gonna now to buy rice using the loans from the i, m f, and world bank partner countries like the united states at a higher price. the result was the economic impoverishment of the north of ghana

and waves of migration to cities in the south. in sub saharan africa, governments average around 5 to 16 percent interest rates on government bonds compared to near 0 rates in the us and europe. such high yield rates punish poor african nations by devouring a large portion of the government discretionary income, which is already low given that african countries find it incredibly difficult to tax most or even the majority of their populations. the result is indeed properly called a trap. it's a cycle meant to keep african nations and permanent economic bondage to their creditors in the 1st world. but africa does have some prospects, high fertility rates on the continent mean that there will be plenty of young people to drive growing and developing economies in the future. and africa's increasing political independence will allow for increased international cooperation with countries like russia, china,

and brazil. now l hodge de jet t a b tim back to center is staying with us. so el hodge. let's talk a little bit about monetary policy. in the former franco africa, i've seen reports that something like 80 percent of african foreign reserves of these countries are deposited in so called operations accounts, which are controlled by the french treasury. now, by some estimates collectively around half a trillion us dollars are held by french banks and that there are caps on the amount of money the african states are actually allowed to access. official reporting on that is really spotty at best. but there are allegations that if those african states needed more than the a lot of 15 percent of their accounts, then those france french banks can charge interest on their own capital. have you ever heard of anything like this or these reports accurate?

yeah, there is a lot of rainbows about about the money and from when we talk about west africa must have, does its french call on a use what we call from so this could and it is but a very low and for me at country cannot be developed it depends on the colonizer spanning african countries, was african countries colonized by, by the french needs to have their own could and need to have their own money and need to set their own on and miles in international global markets. now, following up on that, what do the locals in the south region say about the french controlling the foreign reserves in the south region where stuff? because there is a growing french sentiment about the use of friends and

a lot of similar society organizations, really working in the way to raise our nest for gas and immense to start collaborating in terms of using defense. if i could m c, and then use their own currency as nigeria, then years later, in my class in the synagogue even toggle, there is a lot of units economist advocating for change for those african countries to use their own currency. so as the african union considering really creating their own joint currency today considering there is a lot of research going on and there's a lot of stocks going on. but i'm to now we can say that is a final decision or

a decision about using our own currency. the west often likes to accuse african countries of being corrupt. does this obfuscate perhaps the bigger picture of the role the collective west has played in africa? well, correction is everywhere, you go in the world and as you know, most of most of people in the wall, j profit by car, up to government system and institutional system or can i suppose communities are my. so every where you can go, that is corruption is not only in africa. so even you feel the west paints an unfair picture of africa. that is, yeah, they can when it's come to the core of some,

which is really easy to identify because you know, most of those african countries are fatty of a pullup land look at it and very, very poor. so they are not developed countries. so there is a lot of bribery, there is a lot of bribery and corruption in governance and also just not to say that there is no bribery in the us and in europe or in england are everywhere. that is called some everywhere. but in africa, what is really said is that population sometimes don't even have it faster. so population don't even have basic social service. it is difference in the us. when you solve your nachos in europe, you have natural, you do population have access to base excesses like good hospital,

like go to school like gold has for her. this is not to say like africa is france losing its ability to sort of project power on to africa or are these african government learning some lessons from the past and figuring out how to kind of get the french off their back in international relations, there is no friendship, friendship them on the states, that is just an interest. so it's really clear that they have an interest in africa. and that stench, as they used to have with the older generation of those sounds, colonized african african countries is not the seen today. because that is the growing off annual regeneration which are really indicated we understand international relations which really and the stand international trade. and which really demands channels change in terms of corporation

change in terms of a winter when a collaboration between that ex, columbia, and countries. and that's growing donation is unfocused, even for change. the anti french sentiment is not against the french populations late this lunch, but it's against the french policies, politics towards africa. from now, the 3rd, the french influence and sort of warren are, do you think the u. s. is going to step in to fill that void. you know, tom says leg us can grow and so liam's. actually the demand of this a hailey and states the salient new generation earlier. it's just a population is not saying that a when to when collaboration this, any platinum, any country was interests about africa,

french girl spend sticking countries must understand that, you know, did narrative change the must change par id. and then the collaboration must be a when to call our worship. and that's not just a collaboration that benefit from one country to destroy and of another. what are your final thoughts on the matter of africa and the various states on the continent? in the way of their desire to move forward in the 21st century towards sovereignty more prosperity. what do people need to know about the region? just to say, never again. colonization was one of the war war war since that can ever happen in history of mankind. and today, we are not of colonization. we are in and out of the show quantico just such as it

and play cation announcements, process must take into account. the grow in the new generation of africa was africa. because demography and we're savvy pay so high. and in this new generation is ready to work with any pastor on a winchell when ship. this generation is not tragic to bache. this generation is 80 k, to karen the mos in and then can put down countries and target global stage l hodge digits here. thank you so much for this conversation. so as we can see, sometimes when we say good bye, it doesn't always mean forever or in the case of france. oh wow. it really means mil thought or fear later. that's going to do it for this week's episode of modus operandi the show that dig deep in the foreign policy. i'm your host manila chan.

thanks for tuning and we'll see you again next week to figure out the ammo. ah mm hm. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy confrontation, let it be an arms. race is often very dramatic. development only personally, i'm going to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successfully, very difficult. i'm time to sit down and talk ah, with

me i really thought that we were going to die fly before i thought, even if i called all the way to the right. so i hid behind death my years before i was born. and this has happened again and again and again and again again, because people continue to stick with the system. i do like any other day. and only one of them came home. basically we want to make sure that certain things that are just too dangerous or regular civilian should be in the hands of those people who are and say best offerings. take no way to start with

i am rick sanchez and i'm here to play with you. whatever you do, you do not watch my new shelf seriously. why watch something that's so different. my little opinions that you won't get anywhere else. work of it please. i do have the state department, the cia weapons, bankers, multi $1000000000.00 corporations. choose your facts for you. go ahead by change and whatever you do. don't watch my show, stay main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direct impact, but again, you probably don't wanna watch it because it might just changing the way. thanks a center water is thrown in there. only small force about scheduling. this comes

with it. i feel as we from the, from dr hours from them to do it in bt dufrane, you could kicked away in the poly teachers, kills on it on the shelf or was to learn a little bulk them in the crucial chest middle school was i was meaning this wookey bone is not as good p t d still not off with well they need to work with the with osi sure. the missed miss. they need to the neural south and you can give us his name because he thought he is a postscript on this. does this material, but he just tossed up even though so you need to locate those. my job is to locate that doesn't help out with me. she go, she returned with

a note up there normally square yet. so do you do most of his emotional specially to renew with lisa? there's openings and you took a little green piecemeal. mm. well i the headlines of this. our 12 year old girl is killed by you'd quitting shelling in a rush of the western belgrade region that she is posted also to launch a barrage of rocket at the city. that's clear, at least one person, town, moody, 11 others. according to the official 9 years since the bloodiest day of his, my don protests, he takes a closer look at what has become of this controversial turning point in ukraine's history and hundreds of protests as march in washington in erotic paul.