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a grain. nobody. a lot of them bought a home for them, bought a new all they need to be leaving. is that because tanya is normally middle school with them for the visit? there was a personal number here that we're to with a hello. i'm manila chan you are tuned into modus operandi this week. the battle for africa across the continent,

a patchwork of political instability steeped in century the old french colonial past. and a modern africa shape its history and car of it's own pathway to prosperity without the west for a better future. we'll delve into the resorts, rich cons net. all right, let's get into the ammo. ah, get to know their history. the massive continent was carved up by a number of empires through several centuries from the mores who ruled the north in the 7th century, a de the dutch down in the south during the 16th century and the french over in the west. in the 17th century, africa was always attractive to imperialist nations, and while french imperialism ended by the late 18, hundreds,

actual full de colonization was said to be completed by get this. the 1960 s. however, its impact on the former colonies are still being felt today, whether it's the forced purge of native languages or its entrenched ties on modern day banking systems. the french footprint is a deep one. now, a modern africa is once again seeing the french return. this time a charm offensive by french president emmanuel macro. in the summer of 2022, he visited cameroon, but nene guinea b. so algeria, nigeria, and then just months before his trip micro hosted the so called new france, africa summit, where he promised french investments and african businesses to increase influence in a way kind of paying pennants for its colonial crimes. but at the same time, trying to maintain its foothold in the region from that very colonialism. so what

are younger african leaders think about this history and their predictions for the future. for that, we are being joined by mister l hodge, digit t a. he's the president of the timber to center. it's a premier think tank and molly, focusing on piece building solutions in the saw how l hodge, thank you for joining us 1st. why does it seem like the world always focuses on, british colonial colonialism, but seem to forget the french history of colonialism as well? does it seem like france sort of gets a path? well says, it's all, it's really important to let you know that the british colonization was a rule. and then the french colonization was a dial tone, whereby french colonizer came in pauses of language in pause the way the colonizer culture is

a business colonization. they came to africa, learn about history, culture and colonized african. but in general colonization, it's colonization. there is no good colonization over the which countries in africa saw the french colonies and what impacts do we still see from that today? can you sort of expand on what that french french influence looks like right now, densely, and is all about governance level as you see what's going on in, in my country. and my, the actually there is a growing and see friends sentiments in the population. because since 2012 and there was a conflict in north regional smiley and then for the french sauce is a leverage. they're not so reasonable smile. it asked us 10 years of

operation. they were there for safety against terrorism about their law kind of goes to populations. milan in general, see, late french was coming again as a colonizer due to due to their behavior. and due to due to their interest in ballistic politics in line. and just to follow up. so we're clear in molly was the fear of french interference was an justified e. yeah. because they talk about sort of the, a state of commodity. and also, as you know, the service, the spanish french forces application in not them army was not the result. so it was a failure. and a lot of people really point out friends that he was not supporting, marty,

talk to us a bit about what's called colonial debt. how does that relate to be infrastructure problems experienced by some of these african countries? now, in west africa, regions, countries that colonized by the french, that is that fence that you talk about because yes, today the we are merging colonization areas. but we know that there is a lot of friends science trans enterprises. and molly and yet, and we're not facile. and then you know, holly posts and those economy dynamics show how and show the gnostic and so even talk about the teacher and also not, you know, there's so says in where stuff really talk about an attitude. we're not as fantasy

have my have ties with ira in recent years. let's call them the micron era. there has been renewed interest by the french in various african states . specifically nigeria, a manual micron seems to be doing a lot of courting of nigeria on something of a charm offensive. why? and yeah, as you know, the french is actually losing, and cm's and the ex called on a is like malia. so why there is a growing a new generation against the french williams in the countries and now is the way for them to diversify diversified their customers and then find new passes. and that's why i feel like they are trying to build ties with niger. does it have anything to do with nigeria as natural resources?

as we all know that not a chance in africa and they have a pencil and i should like once and just kind of beach, are you sure you all right, l hodge de jetta is staying with us now. coming up next. we will delve into the finances of some african states under the control of france. is this financial guardianship needed? we'll discuss it when we return. sit tight, the ammo will be right back out. ah, lisa hunter rushin state little never. i've side as i'm phoning,

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listen to opinion that you won't get anywhere else work of it. please, if you have the state department, the cia weapons makers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations, choose your facts for you. go ahead. i change and whatever you do. don't watch my show, stay mainstream, because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direct impact, but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just changing the way things ah, moved to no one. no sir, no, no, admiral, who are job? no, no. well, dorm was real to what they should end up unit 731 was a unique organization in the history of the world. what they were trying to do was to simply do nothing short and build the most powerful and most deadly

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are not allowed to give us a is the aggression today. i'm authorized and additional strong sanctions today. russia is the country with the most sanctions imposed against it. a number that's constantly growing up in your future. probably when was the course renewed as we speak, i'm assuming you mostly mind the were banned in all in ports of russian oil and gas and new g. i. g, of course with the letter from you know, where are you going to go to joe? by imposing these sanctions on russia, you know, has destroyed the american economy. so there's your boomerang

the news. welcome back to the m. o i manila chance. so french, the colonization was completed in the mid 19 hundreds. several nations in africa seem to still have their finances in strictly tied to france. predatory loans and financial mechanisms continued to prey upon african nations, subjecting them to onerous debt repayment schemes, forcing them to privatize key social programs and economic sectors like health care and agriculture and draining the content of its vast resources in minerals and people. it's often referred to as debt trap. diplomacy. a recent report shows that while $30000000000.00 reaches africa in western aid per year, about 6 times that amount leaves the continent. but the i m. f,

the international monetary fund and the world bank have been accused of being at the forefront of debt trap, diplomacy. both institutions famously called to account for their lending practices to 3rd world nations by john perkins, author of the now infamous book confessions i've been ican amik hit man, take gonna, for an example. recently in the western african nation, the government had a policy of giving subsidies to rice, farmers in the north of the country to develop their industry. but when the i m f and the world bank gave gone much needed loans, one of the stipulations was that it would cut those subsidies using the money instead to finance the loan. and in turn, forcing gonna now to buy rice using the loans from the i, m f, and world bank partner countries like the united states at a higher price. the result was the economic impoverishment of the north of ga and

waves of migration to cities in the south. in sub saharan africa, governments average around 5 to 16 percent interest rates on government bonds compared to near 0 rates in the us and europe. such high yield rates punish poor african nations by devouring a large portion of the government's discretionary income, which is already low given that african countries find it incredibly difficult to tax most or even the majority of their populations. the result is indeed properly called a trap. its a cycle meant to keep african nations in permanent economic bondage to their creditors in the 1st world. but africa does have some prospects, high fertility rates on the continent mean that there will be plenty of young people to drive growing and developing economies in the future. and africa, increasing political independence will allow for increased international cooperation with countries like russia, china,

and brazil. now l hodge de jet, he b tim back to center is staying with us. so l hodge, let's talk a little bit about monetary policy. in the former franco africa, i've seen reports that something like 80 percent of african foreign reserves of these countries are deposited in so called operations accounts, which are controlled by the french treasury. now, by some estimates collectively around half a trillion us dollars are held by french banks and that there are caps on the amount of money the african states are actually allowed to access. official reporting on that is really spotty at best. but there are allegations that if those african states needed more than the a lot of 15 percent of their accounts, then those france french banks can charge interest on their own capital. have you ever heard of anything like this or these reports accurate?

yeah, there is a lot of reinforce about about the money and from says that when we talk about west africa must up does ex french colony use what we call trout theater. so i just couldn't see it is very, very low. and for me, at country cannot develop if it's depend, till it's s color or spiny african countries. west african countries colonized by a bailiff, french needs to have their own could and need to have their own money. and then to set their own, you know that on a miles, an international, a global trade market. and following up on that, what do the locals in the south hell region say about the french controlling these foreign reserves in the south region where stuff?

because there is a growing french sentiment about the use of transfer and a lot of serious society organizations are really walking into a way to raise our nest for gas and immense to start collaborating in terms of using defense. if i could m c and then used are only currency as nigeria. they use nader in my class in synagogue even toggle. there is a lot of, you know, parents economist advocating for change for those african countries to use their own currency. so as the african union considering really creating their own joint currency, they considering there is a lot of research going on and there's a lot of stocks going on. but i'm to now we can say that is

a final decision or a decision about using our own currency. and the west often likes to accuse african countries of being corrupt. does this obfuscate perhaps the bigger picture of the role the collective west has played in africa? well, of course answer that question is everywhere. you go in the wall and as you know, most of, most of the people in the wall, i'm a profit by car, up to a government system. and institutional system are glass. las colinas is r e n r. my area where you can go, that is corruption. is not only an asset, so you feel the west pink, an unfair picture of africa, that it. yeah,

they can't figure out when it's come to class on the corner of some reaches afi. k is really easy to play. those african countries are very, very poor, landlocked adage, and very poor. so the, they are not de la conscious. so there is a lot of bravery, corruption in governance, and also this nuts to say that there is non bravery us in, in euro, or in england. our religion actually go out to this really said, is that population sometimes don't even have it just say, so population i'm going have basic social service. it is different mentors in, you know, if you have metals you are, you are, you gonna have access to these accesses late, good hospital, late good school, like good health. so circa, this is not the same blanket africa is france losing its ability to sort of

project power on to africa, or are these african government learning some lessons from the past and figuring out how to kind of get the french off their back in international relations there is no friendship, friendship them on the states, those tests and interest. so it's really clear that they have an interest in africa and that sanchez, they used to have with the older generation of those spanish colonized african african countries is not the same today. because there is the growing off annual regeneration which are really indicated we understand international relations, which lillian descend international trade and which really demands channels change in terms of corporation change in terms of

a winter when a collaboration between that colony and the taxes. and that's growing donation is the advocating for change is there and different sentiment is not against the french populations like their sledge, but it's against the french policies, politics towards africa, the now that the, the french influence and sort of war and are, do you think the u. s. is going to step in to fill that void. you know, tom says like us can grow and so liam's. actually the demand of this a hailey and states a new generation earlier. it's just a population is not saying that a when to when collaboration this, any platinum, any come to was interests about africa, french girl span sticking countries must understand that, you know,

did narrative change the must change par id. and then the collaboration must be a, went to the color version. and that's not just a collaboration that benefit from one country to the destroying and of another. what are your final thoughts on the matter of africa and the various states on the continent? in the way of their desire to move forward in the 21st century towards sovereignty, more prosperity. what do people need to know about the region? just to say, never again. colonization was one of the world war war since that can ever happen in history of mankind. and today, we are not of colonization. we are in and out of the show political just says is it and play cation announcements, process must take into account. the growing new generation of africa

was africa because demography and where savvy pays so high. and in this new generation is ready to work with any pastor all the way until when i ship. this generation is not tragic to gauge. this generation is 80 k to shannon immersion and then can put down countries entered a global stage l hodge digits here. thank you so much for this conversation. so as we can see, sometimes when we say good bye, it doesn't always mean forever or in the case of france. oh wow. it really means the door or feel later. that's going to do it for this weeks episode of modus operandi the showed that dig deep in the foreign policy, i'm your host vanilla chan. thanks for tuning and we'll see you again next week to figure out the ammo.

ah, ah ah, with me i really thought that we were going to die off the fly fullest. i thought again, i crawled all the way the rates i hid behind the desk told by 2 years before i was even born. and this is had to be done and again and again and again, because people continue to stick with the system. i don't know

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