the unionist movement and that speech really riled up mister said, who later took to his own website to criticize this, these calling and interference with the internal order of tunisia. now she, she was a gotten a saying that this is and that mr. phase government has consistently a tag the unions and they're in a tag on the union is an a tag on people's voice. let's hear a little bit more from the government side as to what they found offensive about her speech. by order of the president of the republic, the tunisian authorities called on esther lynch, who participated in march organized by the tunisian general labor union and made statements that blatantly interfered with tunisian internal affairs. to leave tunisia within 24 hours of notifying her that she is persona non grata. this is peculiar considering that missed a iep himself on his. i'll gabby who was arrested on the 31st of january will be

sent in trial only 2 days from now on wednesday. and as she as her, as the list gets expel the back to, to europe who and we understand that she landed in brussels today. this is a fine and this is the message that's been sent to if your to, to, to nicea lies rather than sending up to the government will be high down from now on. if senior officials within the legal union movement are being arrested, it will, unless we forget present, i'll said as a man who only a year and a half ago, you know, really chased out most of the government workers and seized power. he now is slim to have more power than the parliament in bed country. all right, arte africa correspondent caribella tuttle, are joining us live. thank so it really is a race for the african continent these days and themes, europe and america pretty late to this party. the hearts and minds on the african

continent are in be being one, but not by the world's traditional play. read more. the hello, i'm manila chan you are tuned into modus operandi this week. the battle for africa across the continent, a patchwork of political instability, steep in century, the old french colonial past. can modern africa shape its history and carved its own pathway to prosperity without the west or a better future. we'll delve into the resorts rich continent. all right, let's get into the ammo. the news africans know their history. the massive continent was carved up by a number of empires through several centuries from the mores who ruled the north in the 7th century, a de the dutch down in the south during the 16th century,

in the french, over in the west, in the 17th century, africa was always attractive to imperialist nations. and while french imperialism ended by the late 18 hundreds, actual full de colonization was said to be completed by get this. the 1900 sixty's . however, its impacts on the former colonies are still being felt today. whether it's be forced purge of native languages or it's entrenched ties on modern day banking systems. the french footprint is a deep one. now, a modern africa is once again seeing the french return this time a charm offensive by french president emanuel micron. in the summer of 2022, he visited cameroon, but mean gimme be, so algeria, nigeria, and then just months before his trip micro hosted the so called new france, africa summit,

where he promised french investments in african businesses to increase influence in a way kind of paying penance for its colonial crimes, but at the same time, trying to maintain its foothold in the region from that very colonialism. so what are younger african leaders think about this history and their predictions for the future. for that we are being joined by mister l hodge digit. here he's be president of the timber to center. it's a premier think tank and molly, focusing on piece building solutions in the house. oh hi. thank you for joining us 1st. why does it seem like the world always focuses on, british colonial colonialism, but seem to forget the french history of colonialism as well? does it seem like france sort of gets a path? well, it's really important to let you know that the,

the greatest colonization was an indirect role. and then the french colonization was aware, by french colonizer came even close to the language, impose the way the colonized. can countries excited sort of bridges, colon colonization. they came to learn about history and culture and colonized african, but in general, clement is ation. it's colonization, there is no good colonization of the which countries in africa saw the french colonized and what impacts do we still see from that today? can you sort of expand on what that french french influence looks like right now densely, and is all about the governess level as you see what's going on in, in my country. and my, the actually there is a growing and see friends sentiments in the population because since

2012 and there was a conflict in nathan regional smiley and dan for the french source is a better somebody can leverage themselves. reasonable smile. it asked us 10 years of operation, they were there for safety against terrorism, about a population some mile. in general, c, lade spanish was coming again as a colonizer due to due to their behavior, and due to do a diagnostic quality inn. and just to follow up. so we're clear in molly was the fear of french interference was an justified e. yeah. yeah. because they talk about sort of in the state of commodity. and also, as you know, the service,

the spanish french forces occasionally in north america was not the result. so it was a failure. and a lot of people really point out friends that he was not supporting, marty, talk to us a bit about what's called colonial debt. how does that relate to the infrastructure problems experienced by some of these african countries? now, in west africa, regions, countries that color miles by french and that is that fence that you talk about because yes, today the real merchant colonization area. but we know that there is a lot of friends science fans and surprises. and molly initiated fossil. and then in a holocaust and those economy dynamics show how and show the

gnostic. and so even talk about, you know, and a patient also not, you know, there's, so cities in which stuff that we're talking about and attitudes were not as francis have my house ties which ira in recent years, let's call them the micron era. there has been renewed interest by the french in various african states. specifically, nigeria. emanuel micron seems to be doing a lot of courting of nigeria on something of a charm offensive. why? and yeah, as you know, the french is actually losing. and cm's in the x colony is like malia. so why there is a growing and generation against the french williams in the countries, and now is the way for them to diversify diversified their customers and then

find new passes. and that's why i feel like they are trying to build ties with niger. does it have anything to do with nigeria as natural resources? as we all know that not a chance in africa and they have a that's wrong. and i should like once i just kind of beach, are you sure you all right, l hodge de jetta is staying with us. now. coming up next, we will delve into the finances of some african states under the control of france . is this financial guardianship need it? we'll discuss it when we return. sit tight. the ammo will be right back out.

ah, need to come to the russians state. total narrative does on the most landscape with will ban in the european union. the kremlin media machine, the state on russia for date, and r t spoke neck, given our video agency, roughly all band on youtube with

mm hm. with with both, both the models, you need to do both nelson with a grain already. a lot of them bought a they need a with,

i'm says, audio visual, a personal number here with you look forward to talking to you all. that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings, except where such order to conflict with the 1st law show your identification. we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. and the point obviously is to place trust, rather than fear i would like to take on various jobs with artificial intelligence, real summoning with

a robot must protect its own existence with who is the aggressor today? i'm authorizing additional strong sanctions. today russia is the country with the most sanctions imposed against it. a number that's constantly growing up in the future of a bill in your city, mostly mine or wish you were banding all in ports of russian oil and gas, new g. i g with the letter from, you know, we're gonna go to joe by imposing these sanctions on russia has destroyed the american economy. so there's your boomerang,

the me welcome back to the m. o i manila chance. so french, the colonization was completed in the mid 19 hundreds, several nations in africa seem to still have their finances in strictly tied to france. predatory loans and financial mechanisms continued to prey upon african nations, subjecting them to onerous debt repayment schemes, forcing them to privatize key social programs and economic sectors like health care and agriculture and draining the content of its vast resources in minerals and people. it's often referred to as debt trap. diplomacy. a recent report shows that while $30000000000.00 reaches africa in western aid per year,

about 6 times that amount leaves the continent. but the i m. f, the international monetary fund and the world bank have been accused of being at the forefront of debt trap, diplomacy. both institutions famously called to account for their lending practices to 3rd world nations by john perkins, author of the now infamous book confessions i've been ican amik hit man, take gonna, for an example. recently in the western african nation, the government had a policy of giving subsidies to rice, farmers in the north of the country to develop their industry. but when the i m f and the world bank gave gone much needed loans, one of the stipulations was that it would cut those subsidies using the money instead to finance the loan. and in turn, forcing gonna now to buy rice using the loans from the i, m f, and world bank partner countries like the united states at a higher price. the result was the economic impoverishment of the north of ga and

waves of migration to cities in the south. in sub saharan africa, governments average around 5 to 16 percent interest rates on government bonds compared to near 0 rates in the us and europe. such high yield rates punish poor african nations by devouring a large portion of the government discretionary income, which is already low given that african countries find it incredibly difficult to tax most or even the majority of their populations. the result is indeed properly called a trap. its a cycle meant to keep african nations and permanent economic bondage to their creditors in the 1st world. but africa does have some prospects, high fertility rates on the continent mean that there will be plenty of young people to drive growing and developing economies in the future. and africa, increasing political independence will allow for increased international

cooperation with countries like russia, china, and brazil. now l hodge de jet t a b tim back to center is staying with us. so l hodge, let's talk a little bit about monetary policy. in the former franco africa, i've seen reports that something like 80 percent of african foreign reserves of these countries are deposited in so called operations accounts, which are controlled by the french treasury. now, by some estimates collectively around half a trillion us dollars are held by french banks and that there are caps on the amount of money the african states are actually allowed to access the official reporting on that is really spotty at best. but there are allegations that if those african states needed more than the a lot of 15 percent of their accounts, then those france french banks can charge interest on their own capital. have you

ever heard of anything like this or these reports accurate? yeah, there isn't a lot of reinforce about about a minute and some steps that when we talk about west africa, must of does ex french colony, yours what we call trans theater. so i just couldn't see it is very, very low. and for me, country cannot develop if it's depend until it's s colonizers many african countries, west african families column as bay bay. the spanish needs to have their own could and need to have their own money and needs to set their own. you know that on air and miles, an international, a global trade market. now, following up on that, what do the locals in the south hell region say about the french controlling these foreign reserves in the south region where stuff?

because there is a growing french sentiment about the use of trans server and a lot of similar society organizations really working in the way to raise our nest for gas and immense to start collaborating in terms of using defense. if i could m c, and then use their own currency as nigeria. then years later in marlene class in the synagogue even toggle, there is a lot of in our products economist advocating for change for those african countries to use their own currency. so as the african union considering really creating their own joint currency, they considering there is a lot of research going on and there is a lot of stocks going on. but i'm to now we can say that is

a final decision or a decision about using our own currency. and the west often likes to accuse african countries of being corrupt. does this obfuscate perhaps the bigger picture of the role the collective west has played in africa? well, of course, answer that question is, everywhere you go in the wall and as you know, must of, must people in the wall on a profit by car, up to a government system and institutional system are glass. let's come in. it is r e n r. my cell area where you can go, there is corruption, is not only an asset. so you feel the west paint an unfair picture of africa. that it. yeah,

they can't figure out when it's come to class on the corner of some reaches i. c. k is really easy to play them to play because, you know, most of those african countries are very, very poor, landlocked adage and very poor. so the, they are not conscious. so there is a lot of bravery. there is a lot of bravery, corruption in governance, and also this nuts to say that there is non bravery us in, in year or in england are everywhere. there is kind of some everywhere. but in arsic hours is really said, is that combination sometimes don't even have it. if i say, so population, i'm going how basic social service it is difference in the u. s. in your childhood . you have nachos in, you know, if you have metals you have access to these accesses late,

good hospital, late, good school, late, good health care. this is not the same place africa is france losing its ability to sort of project power on to africa or are these african government learning some lessons from the past and figuring out how to kind of get the french off their back in international relations, there is no friendship, friendship them on the states, those tests and interest. so it's really clear that they have an interest in africa. and that stance as they used to have with the older generation of those sounds, colonized african african countries is not the same today because there is the growing off annual regeneration which are really educated. we understand international relations which lillian,

the stand international trade and which really demands channels change in terms of corporation change in terms of a wind to when a collaboration between that ex, columbia, and the taxes. and that's growing donation is unfocused, even for change. is there a difference, sentiment is not against the french populations like dis, lunch, but it's against the financial policies, politics towards africa. from now the 3rd, the french influence and sort of warrant are, do you think the u. s. is going to step in to fill that void. you know, tom says leg us can grow and silly and actually the demand of the so hailey and states the salient new generation elliots address what's called a population is not saying that

a when to when collaboration with any pattern any come to was interests about africa french and sticking countries must understand that, you know, good. now to change the must change par id and then the collaboration must be a win win collaboration. and that's not just a collaboration that benefit from one cancer tumor stroke. and then another one of your final thoughts on the matter of africa and the various states on the continent in the way of their desire to move forward in the 21st century towards sovereignty more prosperity. what do people need to know about the region? just to say never again, colonization was one of the world war war since that can ever happen in history of mankind. and today we are not of colonization. we are in and out of the show political just such as it

implication announcements. crassness must take into account the growing new generation of africa was africa because demography and where savvy pays so high and in this new generation is ready to work with any past on it winchell. when i ship, this generation is not ready to page. this generation is 80 k 2 kennedy martin and then can put down countries in total global stage l hodge digits here. thank you so much for this conversation. ah, so as we can see, sometimes when we say good bye, it doesn't always mean forever or in the case of france. oh wow. really means neil or feel later. that's going to do it for this weeks episode of modus operandi the

showed that dig deep in the foreign policy. i'm your host manila chan. thanks for tuning in. we'll see you again next week to figure out the ammo. ah ah ah, a i really thought that we were going to die in fly before i saw i crawled all the way to rights other than i hid behind on my fears before i was even born. and

this is happening again and again and again and again and again, because people continue to stick with the system i do like any other day. and only one of them came home. basically we want to make sure that certain weapons that are just too dangerous or regular civilian should be in the hands of those people who are and say best for you. take no way to start with what happens when you make digital gains with actual physical sport, something like digital reactors. yes. because on is preparing to host the 1st ever gains of the future. a cyber context with a physical dimension. one of the innovators, eager to study at all, is on the verge of redefining sports and gaming. he tells us what's behind this synergy and if it's the future

when i was showing wrong, when i just don't hold any world yet to see how this thing becomes the advocate and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves worlds apart, we choose to look so common ground. ah, a little boy in a border with my listen, look and you live muscles. if you look on the initial be one of club masika, dealer post on zillow museums can use to put value

a new one who did or 2. but you also still with the done a similar to like want to put that on the billions of just to submit it. would you what i see the senior bus is the little gear motivation says diesel tutorial dumbo sub hi, i'm rick sanchez. and i'm here to play with you, whatever you do, you do not watch my new shelf. seriously. why watch something that's so different opinions that you won't get anywhere else. welcome to please. if you have the state department, the c, i a weapons, bankers, multi $1000000000.00 corporations, to your fax for you, go ahead, change and whatever you do. don't watch my show stay main street because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direct impact, but again,

you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change the way. mm thing . ah, well, i joe biden makes a surprise visit to kiev and meets with president landscape. that trip comes exactly 9 years after the deadliest day in the my done could protest, which was the last over by the best leader. also ahead on the program ingredients they were planning to hold these positions for a long, long time. but well, this particular sector, it fell in less than a week or 2 reports from the dunbar front lines our russian forces break ukrainian defenses in other run the key city of our chima this shit and to san.