buffalo dead is an indian gone, said colonel richard dod of veteran of the bloody and vicious indian wars cynically the indigenous population was simply exterminated. u. s. army general phillips sheridan, expressed the essence of this policy. in the infamous words, the only good india is a dead indian, the genocide of native americans of north america lead to a demographic catastrophe. the exact number of deaths is deal unknown, but the number of victims is in millions. having been the majority on the continent before the indigenous people make up less than 3 percent of the us population today . ah, censorship is something that the west has long criticized china for. but now it is no longer just a chinese problem. it's a global one. internet black out social media, shutdowns,

and bandwidth. brawling by governments, cost the global economy. $5500000000.00 in 2021. and not only that, but internet shut downs are dangerous. as with it comes censorship, information regulation, and isolation from the outside world. i'm christy, i'm. you're watching the cost of everything. where today we're going to be looking at the dangers of internet censorship and what it cost the economy when the internet gets shut down and the citizens are disconnected. ah. now according to one study, the economic cost of government enforce internet shut downs, grew 36 percent last year compared to 2020 estimates of almost $500000000.00 people were affected by these internet blackouts. now in 2021, there were a 182 documented cases of internet shutdowns across 34 different countries. and in

africa, government directed internet shut downs. how threatened digital penetration and growth me and mars economy was the most severely impacted by internet shutdowns in 2021 falling the military coup. this was followed by the extensive internet and social media shut down as local journalists reported that they had been locked off of platform such as telegram and signal qu, leaders have imposed a near total internet, shut down and have introduced a draft cybersecurity law that would impose draconian rule and allow the government access to use their data. as a result, miramar took a hit of $2800000000.00. now e, b o, b as northern t gray region has been in nearly 2 year internet and phone shut down. after prime minister abbey ordered a military offensive on the breakaway region in november of 2020. the government now holds the record for the 2nd longest internet shut down in the world. this is

estimated to have a cost of over a $165000000.00. when internet access is restricted in africa, everyone who is part of the fast growing internet economy, including online vendors who sell items on instagram, banks that rely on the internet to facilitate payments, personal communication, media, access, etc. everyone is affected. almost all internet shutdowns in africa for the last 5 years have been because of political protests. a studies show that these shutdowns occur in times of political contestation, such as elections rising fuel prices in the country. and protests. nigeria was also heavily impacted after it blocked access to twitter in june of 2021. and the estimated economic loss is around $1500000000.00. so what happens when governments cut the internet in their countries?

the economic cost of internet shutdowns around the globe equated to about $5500000000.00 in 2021. and this includes over 30000 hours of government internet disruptions. twitter was the most walk social media platform with over 12000 hours of disruption, which is 60 percent more than facebook. and for more, let's bring in dr. winston mano, author, and university of winston professor. so professor, it seems like all the shut down occur during times of political unrest, but does it shutting down off access to communication and the internet a good strategy to quell unrest or does it actually promote further dissatisfaction? i think it said the wrong moves by african governments and also other governments in the world to think that they can just shut down the internet. ah, and is beside it, block social media applications that are people that are popular with the members

of the public. ah, i think our before internet people used to have, you know, add that older, tentative ways of, for circulating information. so when they used that in that had sat down, it doesn't mean the clothes off, communicate santano's, it just means either tennis kick in, for example, people or was to be able to find each other. people will still be able to psyche latino information there we f white record, the pavement radio in africa. little my meal. where the word of mouth can spread rapidly. our people can clearly weds and news and spread it. ah, and to have such things say it's still wrong in terms of election or when we ever pandemic like cove it i, it means sometimes the information that is circulating is that verified. it's

actually can be very dangerous. can natalie to protest countries that lead to more dangerous environment? so in my view, shutting down is not the answer. keeping them open but managing them and making sure the government promotes its one point of view alongside other perspectives is much more fruitful, that this should be the way to go. and are there ways to bypass internet shutdowns that are well known for citizens in these countries? yes, yes. they're like vpn, people deployed them. they, they, they dump the walls that they weren't got in that, that i put in. and when the restrictions like in any kind of, for example, the introduced extra touch using what's up and did this this, this was not productive. i mean, when people are using this,

that can to share whatever comes through using ad, the media tests let's up. they are so many applications, so for politicians to target specific applications and shut them down, it doesn't or go away. but i also want to say, you know, this is why it's important to, to, to, to advocate neutrality for that these, the content there cannot be controlled area. the content should be available freely should be also multifaceted. and people must have options and limitations when they are using the internet and how our businesses affected during these internet shutdowns. not just the local businesses, but the platforms like twitter, youtube, facebook, are there shutdowns a big hit to their bottom lines as well? yes, to some extent is quite a lot of business,

but they get from using the internet out. like for example, when they are reaching matching our customers or international customers in this day and age africa, us the opportunity to said with not only people with enough to care but outside. and when the internet is down, some boy use the intel is instagram. ah, what's up a google, as you know, there are other offices here and when there is no business coming through, say the locker e b equivalent, then it means that the air intake for the day will be limited. so how do they negotiate these things? the anomaly would subscribe to more than one or platform, they would say to maximize the if your presence in different platforms who it's

a strategy that is very warranty. where if in for telephone communications, most business is the on the telephone lines that are run by different telecommunications companies, will differ. one telecommunication company is not available, then they go to another. and this has been live a strategy that works here. now india had a massive internet blackout in 2020 that caused the country and estimate $2800000000.00 laws and $4000000000.00 in global losses. why we're the internet curves in india higher than any other country. i in india, there they are very kid in the clearing in done it in ways that wet for them. i think they are taking a lift from dana, which is using in our look our outs until you're seeing it on it in order to

leverage their own business or punishment. so in india, for example, when they had in 2016, a ban on facebook, they were very keen on protecting net neutrality so that their applications that they would lay on her and internet shut downs. oh, some denser implemented fob, political reasons, like when they saw her political protest or retire digger bay information on the internet. but like i said, the strategy of closing down for me does not wake you end up in a pin, amazing, even business. wending to deal with their political situation. so it needs their policy environments that are much more responsive to the needs and it needs as take order kind of for, you know, approach where you talk to business especially, but also to see for society and work. howard solutions that i

agree with. everyone is not just about what the government wants or what the political party in charge, and this can be wrong. dr. winston model. thank you so much. dr. wednesday will be joining us again after the break when we discuss how the internet's most basic function of communication is used as a control and censorship tool in africa. since our vastly dependent on just one tech giant, we'll have more after the red and blue blue with a

ah ah, i think russia in the 21st century has taken several opportunities to try to see if there would be interested in the west to create new boundaries to create a new relationship and as you mentioned, time and time and time again, it would get flatly rejected because we have sort of pushed russia into this corner . ideologically attitude might say, you're the adversary, you're the we may not be in a formal bipolar ideological cold war anymore. but we're not going to allow a new relationship to develop with

ah in mm. the welcome back. while most of us think about the internet as a valuable news outlet and a place to consume entertainment, one of the most basic functions of the internet is actually communication. meta old messaging app, what's up is extremely popular internationally as it operates on

a why fi connection for free african nations, argentina, malaysia, colombia, and brazil has some of the highest whatsapp user rates. and more than 90 percent of internet users are on what's up in these countries, what's up is basically the portal into the internet. what's allows people to communicate and chat with friends, received news updates, and media coverage, as well as set up a merchant commerce account to operate a small business and receive payments. so when there is a communication blackout on what's up, there is confusion and panic as citizens are suddenly unable to communicate with friends and family. and while we think of censorship as a power move that is often associated with political regimes, trying to control the media. censorship at a basic level holds communication between people in a country and because the internet in africa is basically meta, it is centralized and becomes very easy for those in power to enforce these

shutdowns. so how exactly do these shutdowns work? well, one way is where the authorities to issue a notice to the individual service providers, in this case meta to carry out their will. this is known as u r l base walking, which is a filter that prevents access to a list of band sites. user is trying to access these sites, might see that the server was not found. another method is called throttling, where it's severely limits traffic to specific sites, giving the impression that the service is slow thereby discouraging access. it is more subtle because it is difficult to know whether these sites are being actively restricted or whether poor broadband infrastructure is to blame. and as a final measure, telecom companies can be required to shut down their services entirely, preventing all access. and because internet service providers like mehta are licensed by governments, they risk fines or the loss of their contracts if they do not comply. and for more,

let's bring back dr. winston mano, author and professor of the university of westminster. so facebook is not just an online social network, it is a big owner of the internet infrastructure in africa. so just how plug in is facebook to the daily lives of the people in africa. some of these businesses, they enter the market like africa, we down to clearly declaring interest to, you know, to do business without telling the african that, look, we are here to, you know, we are here to look after our business. but we are also here to try to promote your business. so many africans, the few that we need to end as africa is actually an investor, which is coming to provide employment which is coming to provide solutions. but the solutions, why must understand this solutions out of your slee initially meant for them.

so as the solutions that will promote the facebook brand. and then so when facebook was banned in india, when asked the question, why was facebook the same free business program? why was the accepted in africa? why is it going to be common in more than you know, to african countries? there is something wrong because people have y explanation or understanding before that argument that was used by the intent in africa. it is growing without much ass or better. this is that facebook is seems lend from its mistakes. in india, in africa, they proceeded quietly according to research they for example, patent civil society and they have amplified their fight against the packers

sat down. and so the discourse is not necessarily what facebook is doing, it's about something else. so it's about, you know, government behavior. it's about being dentist. i'm not saying they should not be focused on that. but facebook is use the, the kind of, you know, issues in the african environment to mask some will feel they just, it should declaim strategy. it should be much more forthcoming. so that is a win win intervention in africa. now can you wants to ban facebook over hate each raising fears a censorship, but what will life in can be like without facebook? i think when can you can you see shows are saying that they're saying, look, let's talk. these are issues that are really important. yeah. you saw that you knew in a data binding tweet saying the, the issue is

a new relation now conductivity where by, you know, these tick giants, they need to just stop thinking of them. so it's, it's technology companies. they also have a lot of media, you know, a lot of communicative ability, which is affecting or deny life. we all know about, you know, they can pre genetic are pro blame or no house. his book is now in kit it, it's all good. so now we know influencing the way, make decisions in elections. they can i like that and content at the expense of the content. and what you're saying is that the need for the 5th book to actually listen. i've seen some videos we max can bake here, sometimes brought to the congress to answer certain questions. we do have this

policy power within africa in most african countries is a lot of trust that this ticket company is coming in good faith. but that good faith is not rewarded. so when can i say, look, we don't like the predicts to know if you had speech on facebook. they had looking for it and they're looking for at his point from physical we're facebook and does something with a div about tackling head speech. they need to wait with the lockers in order to identify the sources of speech. and if verified with a lot of policy players verified, this should be taken down and promoted because we know that, you know, facebook like all the tech companies they benefit from, it's from eyes that come to controversial content. yeah. so you should remove,

couldn't that, that mixed profit, but it's affecting local us interest here. and what's up is the biggest social media platform in africa. and it's clear that a lot of people get their news from what's up as well. is it dangerous? when all of this is centralized on one platform, so the meta can basically control all narratives and new sources. yes, i think what's up is quite popular. are also increasingly now we chat is being popular at the chinese location. but to what's up is way, way i had a list of people again in africa we use what's up to really news. a lot of people are publishing newspapers for what's up the curate news stories they share to live with large groups. but it's also a source sophie lies. it's also fake news to source of inaccurate information. so what's up is not just, you know,

as social media for people saying hello to each other in africa in context which, you know, with that kind information or with and saved pain for mission. so media like what's become really important, get ways for people, they expecting quality information. so how do you recommend that the movement, i think the functions of what's, what's out by a very controversial and in some cases you have some controls that are being used like here in symbolic way. i give you an example that came out this week. one woman with tissues was a man belonging to what a group. and she complained about salaries and other colleagues to join it. and

that discussion in a private that group ended up with the police just because one of the person mentioned did a group, reported it to the police. and these, and when police officials advocated the woman. so we can see how, what's up in the environment that, that, that, that don't have, you know, 3 don't or that of limited 3, don't aware people struggling with the basic issues. it can assume other dimensions that can undermine no dreams of net internet. we don't that do you know the fund, as of, of i c t 's to wended with these technologies. what we have is a continue, continue to kind of restrictions that, that they've become non for, you know, awful, so falls within this context in. so it's, so it's a real problem i would, i can is what's up shaping democracy in africa. we have

a study here that shows that what's up has been both emancipatory, as well as destructive during election campaigns. in my view, in my hand, both view it is provided via information which at us went to sent out. but it's also double we saw in a way it also provides inaccurate information. and in most cases, if use us ad savvy, you will find that they may end up in aligning with blocks. but at the moment i would, i get this note much, you know, when i, when i go to in bye bye, see my relatives from what i already know, ro, areas or areas that are not fully set by must media. they, they are in the know, they would know what is happening from messages that are 2nd letter. don't know

what's up. so what's up is brought to is waived in the news kind of audience. it is in a way provided in and emancipatory function whereby people have access to the news. the decision that they make more research is needed. after looking at the us at the moment, the decision they make, it doesn't necessarily lead to the what's up say, activism. but in a way directive is him, is as taking ship where president used to lie and say things without challenge. i have written about this. sometimes the goals, say, you know what's up or twitter and claim to have done a, b, c, do people replace it? i always say, no, you are lying, i live in this area, you did not do this. so it is sort of force that new kind of politics where lead to the need to be much more, you know,

accountable need to be much more straightforward in the dat relationship with the electorate. doctor winston motto: thank you so much for your time and insight. now there are very few winners in an environment where access to information is restricted, but in these areas, demand for vpn services has skyrocketed as citizens sought to regain access to news and communication. now another alternative is of course the, the centralized web $3.00. but that is still in its infancy and is not yet able to provide the same ease of access that people are used to. it also does not have enough users and content to match that of the traditional web either. but these centralizing the internet may be a lot harder than many realize, and even crypto is not the perfect solution. crypto company, elaborate ceo is trying to raise awareness among the theory and validators running the flash bought software that they may be unintentionally contributing to

censorship within the network. according to survey approximately 45 to 50 percent of all east walks currently being validated, run an e v boost relay flash pots, and comply with the us sanctions. validators have a financial incentive to use these relays as they're being paid to use it. and these findings were reinforced when another study found that of the 900400 blocks verified by flash, spots relay. none of them included a single tornado cash transaction and ornate of cash, as you recall was banned by the us treasury earlier this year. censorship fears have deepened, post merge, and as the prohibitive cause of becoming a validator could result in a consolidation. a validator knows to bigger crypto firms who are much more susceptible to being influenced by government sanctions. so it is disturbing that in this day and age where we take our freedom of speech for granted, there is

a trend where you find that freedom is slowly getting eroded away from all sides. i'm christy, i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. oh i'm exemptions and i'm here to plead with you. whatever you do, you do not watch my new show. certainly why watch something, but so 5th, my little opinion that you won't get anywhere else. work of it please. i do have the state department, the c i a weapon, bakers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations to your fax for you. go ahead. i changed and whatever you do, don't watch my show. stay managed pretty because i'm probably gonna make you uncomfortable. my show is called direct impact,

but i guess you probably don't wanna watch it because it might just change the williams. thanks. i am, my name is frank richardson. so daughter got in the movement and age 13 going on 14. we were violent towards those people because we believed that were this year a so we were here 1st and this is our country being part of that movement. i got your sense of power. when i felt powerless, i got attention when i felt invisible and accepted when i talked to level life after hey, is an organization that was founded by 4 o skinhead, neo nazi white supremacists in the u. s. in canada. and they found each other and they knew that they wanted to help other guys get out is 2 parts to getting out of a violent extremely good. the 1st part is disengagement, which is where you leave the social group. and then the next part is d. radicalization work belief systems. ology are removed,

that was very impactful. when someone finally came along with no fear, no judgement, you heard my story did nothing to challenge with validate with vote counting is under way. nigeria, which is electing, it's next president and parliament with several said c disruptions and even postponing voting. so sunday morning also ahead on the story that shape the cranium. they were planning to hold these positions for a long, long time. but well, this particular sector, it fell in less than a week, or 2 reports from the don back front lines as the russian forces, breakthrough ukrainian defense is a then the around the key city of our field. mo, china has called on the west to stop abusing unilateral.