by that time, ethiopia was the only fully independent states on the continent. back in 1896, it's inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonists and defend their independence. since then, rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the fascists attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. ethiopian armed forces fought courageously, but the brutality of the italians knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia by the fascists, 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe stass at approval. britain and france recognized the annexation giving the

green light to further fascist expansion in the world and bathing the way for the outbreak of world war 2. mm ah ah . mm.

a price on each native prison for $5.00 for a piece of scalp indian mail. $15.00 for women. $15.00 for children. they put me in a legal jail to call it a reserve. and not part of canada. never decided so i was in school years. technician terrible people. ah. it's impossible to forget what happened there.

we always shy but tobacco. we call dish. i wonder rock and it's a shaker to rock it here and it just it's a big, big rock. and we call it a grandfather rock. we think a grandfather for knocking off trash and taken care of us as we travel

good. tried to tell us that this was a savage. this was a pagan way of doing things here that's with the school. i was electrocuted twice. i was only 7 years old. first too high for me, so somebody put me in the chair and my feet, they're up can even touch the floor. and they turn the power on electricity. when the cat, wendy electricity goes, you can let go. because the gen,

the electricity makes you tighten it. she can't like go through you. you were tortured like that. ah, they make it because they want to their land. will they broke their children? what did they do? they deserve to do anything. i was just the child. thank. i think

with a below cold edmund. our host is the former chief of this remote community in northern ontario. m. fort albany. canada has more than 2000 reserves like this one they were set up in the late 19th century by the indian act. the law governing the

indigenous population this racist build, made them 2nd class citizens separate from white people. today they are known as 1st nations peoples. back then, they were savages. i am designated asked indian o lives inside i reserve to separate the we are hidden people of canada here and here the government wants the color printer for the i call it my grandfather's land. the indian act is still applicable to day it was introduced in an attempt to settle and thus better control and nomadic people along. so territory and resources

the reserves were run by nuns and priests, and their mission was to evangelize the savages to assimilate them while we're building a garden. these her pictures from the school. so this one is good. this is her, the students girls the months. and these are the brothers are blake brothers. and that prisoners are here. it's hard to resist. at that time, very hard to resist. ah, ah, in from the age of 4 or 5,

children were torn from their families and handed over to missionaries to be educated. they were sent to what were referred to as residential schools. ah, the system was mandatory under the indian any families refusing to release their children or persecuted oh and denied the meager state allowance because i had long hair and i put it in rate. so somebody comes behind me, cuts my brain off, my hair falls over, it looks like this. ah . as soon as the children or anything that identified them as indian

was eliminated, their clothes were burned. they were forbidden to speak their own language. ah, they were issued with a uniform and a number is going to be the 1st is that way? we want to be ready for the english to make them good little white children. and good little christians. i mean edmond and his cousin spent their childhood at saint em's the school on their reserve. our building they didn't leave until they were 15. i remember in my 1st day, i remember looking at my mom, 2 of the were walking alone. she was very quiet. and somebody else took me by them,

but by then i was overwhelmed with the school. i didn't see my mom living until she was gone. and then when i tried to run back or go after her, they closed the door and the you cried, you know, it's like luke while losing her. mum. you're losing your, losing your mum? whisk him up. m. this is canceled. no for ears. the 2 cousins suffered cruelty and ill treatment. it was an experience that marked them for life. even though the escape, the very worst of the abuse, the rapes cost o a dead sea brother broadway. and be using a child and took them from the dormitory on the 3rd floor,

brought him down to the basement. and that's where he attack ago. younger bathroom usage, where they are famously put down. i had the year, the whole tier 2 voyager. they were like, oh butterfield i could never sleep because i always knew there was something there somebody, i could hear somebody moving our owner because it was the worst part for me was always waiting every night just like there was somebody there that's gonna grab you that's no place to be for any child. ah, we all came home with a dark secret generation after generation.

well see, dance is an infamous school. it was only one of dozens. in a little over a century, 150000 children attended these institutions. a 1000 of them lost their lives. the last residential school closed down in 1996. i think the children, when you eliminate all their knowledge of their history, their culture, then you're basically killing the people that grew up on these lamps that knew the land that were connected to the lab. and that's what these policies were. to take the indian out of the bush to take the indian away from the bush, milan and assimilate him indoctrinate him.

it would benefit, i guess it was the way of killing people that way of killing a culture, a nation killed indian. mm ah ah ah

ah, well, the 1000000 not going to go. we use and i made it failed, but ideally chaslek knowledge was focal, more of neat and clean. so key ikea. i'm of a car that took with me from all to you all on when i was children, medi medicare for this whole, you can throw this up here. but i think aconia is going to get a better puzzle now on the key. for example, threat watson's digikey or their voice. i big much, but as in the books, you know, please send me the income. when i cal game or half a day gamble, i don't know what gold i plant family from may do. matt

inside it's gina. i don't call my dad and he's got the currency to deal with because of the game reviled immanuel good. come for us. leak is off, but i was on come that came the way to got to wait festival by fabrics in your cheerios. i was going to them, i saw vanda, capital 2 children. i spoke with elizabeth chantelle, 3 feet blinking, zooming in the modem, which seemed ah, i can assure you roughly where the scores burned down. fire took it by accident. we don't know.

ah, take me to court. i don't know, only the fire knows for happy the missionaries are gone now we can do our own. find our own way. we don't need to poop. we don't need the pope to tell us what to do with the school is right here. figure 3 stories building is big enough for 200 students with you know what we never gave the missionaries. we never show them our tiers. we never cried. he can be slapped around like this, bang, bang, bang, bang, bang, right,

right on your head and face, slap, slap, slap, slap, slap, and kneel on the floor and eat your vomit electrocution. but i'm still here, i'm still standing up, but they're gone. with the last traces of the missionaries, presidents are to be found nearby in the reserve. okay. just follow me. i'll make a trail here. it's an infamous a place. nobody comes to any more. these abandoned huts were the priest's summer residences. it's too dirty. you don't want to be here. bad spirits here. father le warriors to run over here after your bish

somebody and run here and she kept solution in no weapon south. there's a whip to punish himself. everybody saw him running away from the school. so they said i did it again. now, i guess he was running all the time to to the cabin here. sir brittany has something happened ah. abandoned since the late 19 ninety's, the huts are almost intact. time had stood still. ah, the ghosts are all that remains of the trauma that haunts edmund and the 1st nations peoples every single day. ah,

that's how i grew up in it is really hard to to get over that. how do you get over that? when they wake up in feel good, thank. in

cold drives. everyone from the sidewalk. they are the only ones left street indians, the image of the dying people tempted by a better life. first nations, a youth flee the poverty of the reserves, and end up here at the end of the road. in thunder bay, a daily grind of alcohol and drugs, the life of misery that no one pays any attention to any more. in the frozen downtown streets you survive anyway, you can oh, i was raised when do you know? 48 october is a survivor veritable miracle. like the rest of his family.

he belongs to the last generation, taught by nuns and priests with for a long time drowned his pain in alcohol like almost half the men in his community. for this music has kept me alive, kept me alive, and all these years now is 11. 12 years old man going to voice code excursions, priest the like and c name ralph roy, you know, you know, for took advantage of a lot of a lot of us it was

a winter boys walking on the ice going to the trap line. and we couldn't go back because we're already, we crossed the lake going in the bush and night time, the priest decided to come and sleep beside me. and by my sleeping way towards the nate. he unzipped my unzip, my my, my sleeping bag. and grab the man, that's a good i can he some of them are my relatives and didn't make it jerking themselves to death over doris's suicide. man, you know,

and i've done that before. i put a gun there before. stick a needle in my arm to hoping to overdose. and i've been to jail, you know, good drug charges. i got a domestic violence beating up my ex wife, beating up my girlfriends and it's, it's hard for her. so the scary thing to talk with in his plight, otto has been able to count on his and yeah, coffee that i know is like a star coffee, greedy cocker. i'm from the bare plan. you said it was my grandmother. she always said to me, i never go to bed with dirty dishes on the table because little people walk around

at night, spit on things. that's why people get sick. she says, that's what i do. i usually try and do my dishes before i go to sleep. all the time . i know suffered a lot too. when the residential schools it is a memory she still finds hard to talk about. well, i have when i had my grandson here, so i can say he's 20 here. what i have to say. so natalie say now it is mad. elaina late talking about it.

but yeah, what it made me, it made me the person i am today because i'm afraid i don't give up with anything i know has always wanted to break the vicious circle of trauma. she remained silent on the subject to protect her grandchildren, bear them the fate to befalls most of the communities. youngsters. ah, unlike their loved ones, they have not experienced residential schools. ah, yet all seem to carry the burden and 43 percent of 1st nation

youths between the ages of 12 and 24 have addiction issues. women are the biggest victims. in canada, indigenous women are 7 times more likely to die or to be killed than white women. victims of the violence inflicted by men, whether white or indigenous, broken by the inherited trauma of colonization, we are targeted as easy prey. this time aside, phenomena was acknowledged by the state after a 2 year nationwide study ah, with

i am a product of the residential school. i was raped by a priest when i was young on my reserve. i was raped by 2 police officers here in thunder bay, one of 20012014. i've been beaten by men by my partners. really bad, where my doctor, my doctor file is about that thick with pictures of you couldn't even recognize my face. broken bones. no more stolen, sisters are no more. it's stolen, sister golden with

stolen sisters. more than 4000 of them in 30 years. ah, it's a phenomenon rooted in the country's history ah ah, ah, during the 2nd well, when nazi occupied, poland valinda was a farming region. today is part of ukraine. between 1943 and 945 members of the ukrainian insurgent army led by stepan bandera. nasa could thousands of poles in virginia in a diabolical ethnic cleansing process. the mergers were particularly horrific and brutal villages were burned and property looted. the belinda massacre is without doubt, one of the bloodiest episodes in polish ukrainian history. my al ukrainian politician,

still reluctant to talk about these events, how to modern day ukraine and poland view. this tragedy of the past. and why does the memory of belinda, us do divide people ah, she strikes the ukrainian far rides as of battalion command center in the front line region of upper osha. a russian forces almost completely in circle bach much also known as of thomas. a television with police using tear gas on water, canada, on people who are protesting against proposed judicial reforms that would give the government sweeping. you powers african union is set to be represented in the d 20 from now on as india prime minister mostly alongside russian. a law emphasizes the importance.