since packs a monstrous punch, if you've run out of luck and been designated as its target, you better run fast and far. the intensity of the work depends on the situation on the front work both day and night. there are no fixed hours here. it takes about a minute and a half to side. the target, open fire, and eliminated this detachment is part of rushes. airborne troops the hunt down their prey from up to 30 kilometers away convoys command h q's and enemies own big guns top their target list. if you open fire with the fragmentation effect, the shrapnel spreads over 200 to 300 meters. this gun is very powerful and accurate has been able to take out the lead vehicle in a convoy a tank was the 1st shot. they cover infantry advance in the criminal forest. their ukraine's ranks have grown thinner,

partly due to heavy casualties. partly because keith command had to transfer some troops to the south, where the back moved, battle rages on that the wagner company is gradually shutting down the last lifeline that still available for ukrainian troops. they've been reduced to one road and it's already almost a bog. vehicles have to slow to cruel and become an easy targets for hire, since like this one ah

catch 22 for the generals and key if back move has become too symbolic to just pull out yet saving it means exposing other parts of the front and it rushes relentless push. i'm again done of reporting from the dumbass. that's all for now. be here to check out our t v dot com for all the latest breaking news and updates. we'll see next time. ah ah. a

lake by call, a magical place, fantastical ice clean water is a dramatic geography. and of course, a unique echo system which is developed over the past 25 to 35000000 years. and of course, a place like this just beckons you to come and experience it off for yourself. ah ah.

to discover what this amazing ice is all about. we're going on board this hover craft and will be joined by biologist maxime to a fe of he has been studying the wonders of by call and how can contribute to modern science. and he'll be our guide today. ah, hey. maxine hi i thanks for meeting us out here. i'm incredible view i can say tell me 1st about buy call. it's pretty old. in fact, we don't really know how old,

but at least up to 35000000 years old. why is it so different from other lakes and it shows no sign of drawing out what's the key to it's longevity. but just in a way go or she said yes, by call is ancient. an estimated to be around 25 to 35000000 years old. or both, it's the most or 2nd most ancient lake on our planet. but a key feature of my cow farmer is that it doesn't really get older, like all the lakes. i'm a poignant is constantly growing up. any continental lake slowly fades from the moment. it appears they fill with silk in a process called sedimentation married and little by little have sediment, fills the lake to the top and it's no more number in by cow. sediment also accumulates, but unlike other continental lakes, fi it constantly widens by col is of tectonic origin. you will, it's a rift blake if you give us the beer. the rift in the us crust is constantly

growing. so every year, bye call is getting deeper by a centimeter, you're going to have them break the sediment, doesn't accumulate fast enough to outpace the legs growth each year by cal gets deeper and wider by a sent me to or to further it's believe by calm will become part of the ocean in the future of tearing the continent of you raise your part just and joining the arctic ocean. if i just heard you correctly, ah, does that mean you think that this eventually will become part of the ocean? the yes, yes, this is a hypothesis which was the rest of humanity probably won't be around to witness. it shut. it will take tens or hundreds of millions of years by go, but geologically by cow is a future oceans or at some point in the future. but there won't be any late my call with but a by called fuel instead. so here's my question about earthquakes. we know that that happened all the time around here because of this continental rift. we know that in 1959,

one of these earthquakes deepened the lake by 20 meters. what we know the recently there was just another earthquake. do we expect any more big earthquakes to happen here? regularly or break a my call is constantly growing. so earthquakes occur here, daily goes every day, we have dozens of them. but we register only a few advocacy stronger earthquakes happen every few months. if we had one just this week, it was magnitude 5. you and we all felt it in with that it's all right, really? if you aren't afraid of a little shaking, we don't expect any massive earthquakes because my car relieves with us very pressure go up on it doesn't accumulate here. no massive energy release is going to happen on the go. instead, it's gradual. we've adjusted to this with it and live happily through georgia. government should cool. let's. so take a walk and see what else we can find around this great big leg. in axiom, if you take a piece of by call,

ice is astonishingly clear. spot. why is that? i mean, in some places you can see up to 40 meters through the ice, what almost a break i live about, which in schuster the water is pristine, and by car mineralization here is under $100.00 milligrams police, her supervisor, which is extremely low. it's super fresh water, super close to distilled here on the very few organic components a dissolved in it on. it's not just clear, it's so clear that you can drink it on the postage. so when it freezes, the ice is as transparent as glass or hormone mystical. so obviously not here, but there are some famous bubbles and cracks that we can see under the ice. what are those cracks? what are they made of new for, for me, i'm to gas is frozen and by cow, have different origins, festival fuel, their simple snow, methane and other gas sources at the bottom of the lake. in places where the

concentration is high cavities emerge and the ice colace sometimes so big or you can fall into one already. but they usually say this apartment, the ice is very strong. it can, it holds people, it can hold trucks that can hold massive vehicles. but at the same time, we see fissures and cracks all over the lake. is this safe for us to be out here? millennium loves you shore. in some places you must watch your step. remember, there are places where the ice is constantly moving, like some cranks, always move when the ice sheet is forming. fish creating cavities that i in fact good for local foreigner. done. seals in by call, use them to survive under the thick layer of ice. and i will look at that in general. the lake is quite safe during certain periods, like in february and march, when you can walk and even drive across by car freely before and after that. you have to be very careful with it. as i understand it,

because home to about $3500.00 endemic species, unique to buy, call us, which is more than any other lake in the world wise it's so special here. is it because of the size of the lake? yes, we're good awards. who's i'd say is the age to baker by kyle is not simply big girl . it's ancient fortune, but it's basin is over 25 to 35000000 years old. or is that our break over that time? the foreigner has evolved greatly with boy at some point ancient warm biome animals lived here. baker, than ancient cold biome. animals of their fall. a lot has happened over its long history, which have fainted. the biodiversity of the lake and will abuse then there's it's sheer size by carl is simply so big that unique species conform in different parts of the lake. yet so thought of some live closer to the surface or some live at the coastline, run over some in the extreme depths. 1.5 kilometers down or by col is 1642 meters deep herb. or even at the deepest points pick up

a unique life forms exist, may be to go or species in those biomes are not alike with and the more buried habitat you have, the more diverse, the foreigner. that's the reason. so many species exist in the late summer, and we suspect the surface has barely been scratched. for conservative estimate suggest only half of all life forms in the lake have been discovered while some co, while optimistic estimates suggest only a 10th unknown to us up of the risky reduce the us. so we hear about environmental crisis. here's my call from time to time you said that the lake can actually clean itself. how does that work? oh, good. i'm a go to improve. when we talk about the environmental crisis around by cow, it was, we have to understand that michael is a gigantic lake. its surface area is comparable to that of many european countries move you. so we cannot say that the whole of lake by college in crisis where you can or that there is no crisis at all. these are some areas have real problems,

severe and especially those affected by human activities near towns, villages, and tourist facilities you still before 99 percent of bike owl is a self cleaning ecosystem for anything that lands there. naturally, any organic substance when blown dust and debris is quickly dissolved in the water, due to the low level of mineralization are more to show the water in by carl is almost distilled, caputo correct. what remains is consumed by the local micro organisms. although there is very little organic matter in lake by karl. so the competition between the many and demi species is fierce about everything gets eaten up we. so michael has a system of biological cell purification used to be given to that. so this is why the lakes water has stayed uniquely pure from millions of years. in some areas, however, human influence has exceeded the system's ability to purify itself through their

leading to various crises. just through this mostly affects shallow arms or isolated parts of the lake on it. but thank god, so far by karl has managed to mitigate all the problems humans have created around peculiar climate change. it's a big trigger for a lot of people. how does climate change affects life? hearing, bye call, but though it's got us for goldsboro global warming is a funny thing to talk about when you're at lake by carl in winter, you see bicycle is a territory with a strongly continental climate. so the negative effects of global climate change, i felt here more than anywhere else. grandma were see more climate anomalies with auto summers and cold a winters more winds and storms than usual retrofits. it's all because the relative balance of the climate is being upset customer. michael has its own story to tell about global climate change to through. we've been monitoring the lakes water

temperature for more than 75 years. and we know that the average annual surface temperature has been rising in 70 years. it has risen by more than one degree, which is a lot for a lake as cold as by copper. changes in service, water temperature have a direct impact on so called primary production. that is the population of microscopic al guy that live in the surface last year and produce organic matter when it is the peculiar coach loving al guy decrease in number. he said, while warm loving species increase your price d p. m. this leads to fundamental shift in by cause ecosystem. the series of, you know, it's hard to say how this story will end up the other cool. on the one hand break late, michael has undergone numerous climatic changes for you. it used to be a tropical layer over and then it was covered in ice completely 2nd. but each of these changes brought dramatic shifts in the composition of the ecosystem. and it's

biological characteristics world throughout his existence, human kind has witnessed the lake in one state. the state it is in today. if the state changes, i'm afraid that neither society, nor the economy around by cow will be prepared for especially if change happens quickly. but for discovery channel, so what research is need to do is find out what's happening morgan and what to expect you to the curriculum. or something that i wanted to ask you about, that you have a specific expertise in is a some of the species here and by call might be able to help scientists in medicine, discover new antibiotics. tell me more about that. the gasket, michael has unique, deep water foreigner, the deep drilling species of lake by coll are an interesting phenomenon. property. you see, there is not much food down there for you, said the bottom organisms, course scavengers, don't have any of options, but to feed on decaying biomass,

such as dead organisms i that off on the source of various infections. as a result, there are thousands of scavenging organisms living at the lakes bottom. the produce antibiotics to combat various infections. they get with food. exploring the antibiotic substances they use are concentrated. if mister, no one has ever looked into this before. no one has ever had access to these thousands of species with their highly effective bio protection mechanisms against infections for them. so we picked this area for our studies up up of once we started, we immediately came upon a vast number of potential anti microbial compounds. and even described a new class of antibiotics you live by color me, since i believe many more groups of anti microbial compounds produced by, by carls organisms and having potential for pharmaceutical application gap will be found in the decades to com. or even it's a long way of course,

from the discovery and 1st characterization to the pharmaceutical market and medical use are much still on the bike, how foreigner is a valuable source of potential bio active compounds with an anti microbial effect rigid ok, so i have to ask almost as a novelty, but it's really cool by call ice caves. they're not found anywhere else. so why do we find ice caves on this lake by, by go by the, by the waters, if i call a very mo, by, there's always something happening either due to strong human wins, or to the movement of the waves running into the shoreline and destroying its beauty, beauty, a rose of the lake shore is continued destruction results in the formation of deep caves and also in the autumn when by car stars to freeze over. when ice is form. it's usually the season of storms on by car. as a matter of caves is showered with water from storms forming the breast,

taking the beautiful ice grotto, famous on by car due to their unique aesthetic value in the caves are fascinating, tourist attractions. i'm one of by cause i conic landmarks. you. you think you have to see by cause eyes cables, at least one that's in your lifetime. it's an absolute must. they are really beautiful. garcia, sound you here is lake by call. actually breathing by call is enormous. it's as big as a european country, like belgium. and i bet you're wondering how deep it is. exactly. well, it's more than one and a half kilometers deep at some points. to put this into perspective,

you could measure with 2 birds, cali, foot 3 and a half at petronas towers, and about 12 great pyramids of diesel. to discover what's under the ice of bye call, we're going to be joined by eager ny, if he is a professional diver and scientist. and he is actually down there right now when it comes back, he'll tell the secrets of the depths of my car. ah ah ah, you are thank you very much for taking the time and i have to ask it's cold, it's dangerous. it's i see by the nature of it. and why do you do it? no, no, she was those that, well, humans are made in such a way that they get used to anything and is what she can you only feel the cold for

the 1st 30 seconds a minute of most of the cold burns you'll face, but everything else feels pretty normal when you start feeling cold, if you don't move enough under water, got it. so you really start freezing after spending 30 or 40 minutes down the phone . yeah. the quote. speaking of how dangerous it is, the cold itself isn't the main danger. there are other factors that shouldn't be overlooked. well, of course, that the should wiki metal, a jacket store and his famous team, they even did their diving in by call in the wintertime. what can you find under the ice during the winter that you can't find in the summer? it was a festival. what you find there is clear ice. it's amazingly clear that which when the ice isn't covered with snow, this is a diver floating underneath a meter thick layer of ice. we can see the face of a person standing on the ice clearly every feature day. and if that person lies face down on the ice, only the diver will even be able to see the color of their eyes in the diameter of

their pupils. now imagined coming from smooth ice to an area full of pressure ridges and cracks with ice piling up to 10 meters thick. both on the surface and under the water imagined moving among all those massive structures and shapes may device be and they're all transparent. and the ice sparkling and playing in bright sunlight, the kicks launch the who check your eager right? choosing where to dive is a big deal and it takes a lot of preparation. what goes into picking your spot and maintaining it, and how do you decide where you're going to die, which you wish us the window during our divest time, our goal was to pick sponge, laughing, which will appear in great quantities at this time of year, seen a lot of with that in mind, we picked an area with adaptive, went in to 70 meters and moved towards the shore, starting at the low a devil's union. so it's all determined by the goal of the dive. the when,

for example, we can dive in an open lake when studying underwater interests ation. now it's cold yet, so the layer of ice keeps going thicker by several centimeters each day. because once that process slows down, the bottom side of the ice immediately gets covered by a colossal amount of various diatoms, with its like walking among vegetable patches in a garden cluster. only in this case they are above you. on the bottom surface of the ice, you please what kind of equipment does it take to keep you safe and to keep your dry down there and warm wiggly grain. here's the kind of gear we can use for diving in biker. it's very seldom that we wear wet suits here. so a dry diving suit is a master. another master's, a double regulator valve. we're going to need 2 of those really good at them, and that's all because of the cold water in a wet suit. you won't last more than 15 to 20 minutes at this time. if you know me . i'm going to use a dry suit with as much layering as possible underneath. we're going to keep my

body warm for a long time. but they say, why to regulate a valve, you, mux, you in cold water like this, a valve can start free flowing at any moment that is bleeding air out for that another thing, it can just cut off my air. all of a sudden i have to be alert and always ready to close the faulty valve and switch to the other one. so we always use double valve scuba cylinders in bike. how are you ever scared? do you ever get frightened from being down there? i mean, if something goes wrong, you're trapped under some pretty sick ice pushing and the thickness of the ice doesn't really matter here. whether the ice is this thick, well, this thick. you can't bought your dive and go up to the surface at any moment. any way we can get the biggest challenge here is the closed space, of course, which scares many people the moment they lose sight of the hole in the ice and in the moment they can't see it. they start to panic. and as you see here, we die with

a safety rope attached courtland you go. number one for the driver is not to get entangled in the rope and you can come at the approach that you're the person manning, the safety rope. and the task is to keep it taught so that he can feel the person on the other end of the road with a has to be a constant connection. another factor is the lack of light. whatever the situation, you must be able to find your bearings on the water for you. you must know where the hole in the ice is not even if you can't see it. that's it. jeff dreams are going to the deepest spot of my car. i mean, if you could, i mean as a diver, it's difficult, but what would you find if you went to the absolute deepest spot of the lake? you think i've never been there? mostly my level read my deepest dive to the bottom of my cow in a mand mirror, submersible was at 1580 meters. what's there to see? the deep water diving missions are incredibly interesting, especially for a biologist like me go with me. i'm a biologist or an x, the ologist,

and my main object of study is the coated dia and scull pins in particular. and it's fascinating to observe absolutely everything that whitney, such as how various organisms adapt to complete darkness and extreme pressure. and yet there are cases winter been thick fish. those which rest on the seafloor easily can adapt in open water. you may be studying the hydro. logical profile is also fascinating. he does gas emissions, for example. and the overall landscape that may seem to be as barren as the surface of the moon and yet is thriving with life you if you look closely at it. and that's under extreme pressure that requires extreme adaptation capabilities from living organisms. so that humorously asked, ask you about the famous black circles that appear on by call. some people think that they are you afo's or from extraterrestrial origins? so what are the circles in reality, and how do they form

a data most fascinating phenomenon here on lake by cal, if any more than you brought, that's not just hearsay, it can be observed from orbit and satellite images have been taken of those enormous fascinating rings in the explanation is actually quite simple on one hand, yet on the other, there's this unique ecosystem within like by car. do you know what methane is? gas yeah. respect, gas hydrates are released through fractures in the lake bed, methane hydrate on a solid compound. it is lighter than water and goes up to the surface of them, solid methane, your turns into gas. so if you have a piece of methane sediment, this small equip, it will cause intense churning of water once it reaches the surface on the po, yet you're going up. the gas captures large quantities of water from the bottom along the way. now let's think logically, the gas carries a lot of deep water. what the water temperature under the ice is close to 0, or maybe one degrees celsius,

of most within the wood. and the temperature at greater depths is constant at around $3.00 to $3.00 degrees celsius. so when the warm water goes up, it's evenly distributed in circles and melt the ice raceway than when we hear a lot about environmental concerns about by calling that a lot of pollution keeps coming into the lake. when you're down under the ice, are you seeing the effects of this pollution is there that we can immune at mitchell researches have registered high concentrations of phosphates, phosphorus and nitrogen in the areas of human economic activity. in these places, the underwater picture of change is granny nasty, realizing that all this is happening right in front of you and you can't do anything to stop, it can be really hard. i'm not a utopian. i'm an optimist. i'm sure that in the long run will come to the realization at all levels, but it can't go on like this, and changes will follow. but once again, i don't think that lake by carl's entire ecosystem is affected,

and that's not true. i'll give you a figure 23000 cubic kilometers. lake by cows, vast quantities of water are capable of undoing the effects of incoming pollutants . this debate, your colleague told us that by called fundamentally cleans itself as an ecosystem musician with the will. it doesn't matter if the ecosystem can manage the negative effect on its own or not. if there's damage, the balance is upset. we must help lake by cal cope. and let's not forget that the most endemic species inhabit a narrow stretch along the shore. as if we see that the endemic forms of life, or else did, we must help and do everything we can to reverse the process as humans, as a civilization without duty. thank you very much. good. it's been very interesting to hear your thoughts. i want you to stay safe and stay warm. okay. you're welcome to with

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ah ah . with a badge i should to belong to us with us to just a little on the on the wall. no, just the question. the answer for you to he is new with the with asking ownership yet.