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oh, fully autonomous self driving vehicles seem like a distant fantasy, but tech giants and automakers like for gm by do has law and alphabet have invested billions of dollars and years and to making it a reality. so how far away are we from this reality? how long on feel a ton miss driving can be commercialized on a large scale, and how much will it cost the consumer as well as the economy, as this automation cycle will cause massive job losses for current drivers? i'm christy i and you're watching the cost of everything. we're today. we're going to be taking a look at how autonomy vehicles will shape the world as we know it today. ah, market leaders are betting big on smart transact technology logs doing thousands of road miles to train self driving algorithms and ai sensors to drive better than

humans and all kinds of weathers. companies like crews way mo bay do and others have invested billions of dollars into this emerging market. poised to reach 12 percent of new car registrations. globally by 2030. the concept of a thomas driving has shifted from robotics to ai. and nowadays, companies like way are building out large neural networks that figured out details by itself by converting inputs like camera or light our data about the roads ahead into outputs like turning the wheel, hitting the brakes by having millions of miles of driving data. these a eyes have identified around 200000 unique scenarios that it is then trained to handle equity funding. and a thomas driving tech has surpassed $12000000000.20 up more than 50 percent in 2020. but the total global investment, an atomic vehicles,

has succeeded $200000000000.00 already. and that bigger is set to increase rapidly as competition intensifies. at the same time, countries around the world have invested in infrastructure to facilitate a v production and adoption. now we're talking about a thomas driving. there are 6 levels. level 0 means that there is no driving automation level. one means that there's driver assistance which most high end vehicles have these days. level 2 means that there is partial driving automation, which teslas are classified under today. level 3 requires conditional driving automation, which is a substantial jump from level to from a technology perspective. audis 8th l was the world's 1st production level 3 vehicle which rolled out in europe level for requires high driving automation, which means that these cars do not require human interaction in most circumstances

. alphabets way more recently unveiled at l for self driving taxi service in arizona. and french company, nadia is already building an l for shuttle. and cad level 5 vehicles do not require any human attention. and while these are still undergoing testing and several pockets of the world, none are yet available to the general public pony dot a i. and by do has led the industry launching robo taxis for the public in china. and these 2 companies started charging fairs and last november, but it still has a safety driver monitoring the ride. and finally, level 6, which means full autonomy mission and these cars do not need to have any human interaction in any driving circumstances. pony dot a i and i do have lead the industry launching. robo taxi's for the public in china. and these 2 companies started charging fairs last november, but it still has the safety driver monitoring the ride. meanwhile,

in the u. s. way modeling cruise expect to soon launch their own paid driver list taxi robot in san francisco. ford has begun operating autonomy test vehicles without a human safety driver in miami and austin, moving around employees. and while many tech companies are making tremendous headway and breakthroughs, not all of these companies are having successes in the sector. ford has pulled the plug on its effort to develop a full self driving car, getting rid of its argo, a division. now this cost ward $2700000000.00 to walk away after it had already invested $1000000000.00 back in 2017 and for more or less bring in dr. ran pend a lot. yeah. professor of the school of sustainable engineering at arizona state university. so professor, how far away do you think fully aton miss driving is in our future and what will the future look like?

so i think fully economist, driving is already here. so fully had thomas driving is happening right in our backyard in phoenix, arizona. where way mom is providing fully driverless rides, i think cruise is getting ready to launch some driverless rides. they are already offering driverless rides, i think in san francisco. so driverless autonomy, you know, because they are here already. and essentially what we're going to see, i think over the next few decades. so it is maybe 20 to 30 years. we will just see, i think in increasing prevalence in increasing rollout of driving less be goals in our you know, in our neighborhoods, in our cities. and so it's just going to be placed by place and, you know,

geography by geography. so i think what we're seeing is essentially autonomy to be making a phased space you know, kind of introduction into our transportation ecosystem. there are some places where maybe it's a little easier or makes more sense to deploy sooner rather than later. and so i think you have this kind of see this phase to growth and expansion of autonomy be goes now, will we ever see a day when you have 100 percent autonomy vehicles in 100 percent of the locations like every neighborhood, every city, every state and so on, maybe that's very, very far away. you know, more than even decades, who knows. so maybe there are some places where it will never happen. we just can't say for sure. it depends on how the technology evolves, how badly ai really proves itself. but, but, you know,

i think we're going to, we will, we already see it in place, and we're going to see it continuously expand and go over the next few decades when it comes to technology adoption. there's always a learning curve with the early adopters, the mainstream and then the laggards. so how long do you think before we can achieve mainstream adoption? again, there is just so much uncertainty. i mean, whatever i say is going to be, you know, rather significant speculation. because again, it just depends on the technology and all of its attributes. so, you know, i just think, you know, the pricing is going to matter in a, in a very big way. all of the attributes in the, in the characteristics of the service or the characteristics of the autonomy vehicles is going to matter in a very big way. but i think you will see, you know,

5 to 10 percent early adopters and then maybe in another decade or so. but again, just depends on how the technology evolves, what the price points, what are all the features? and i think you will, you will just see a very significant adoption curve, perhaps not very much unlike, you know, personal computers or cell phones and smartphones. i, you can very much expect perhaps that kind of an uptake. but again, it's going to be very, very dependent on numerous factors. so to try to put a timeline all it on, it would be nothing but speculative and probably ill informed at this point. and do you think fully autonomy is driving will be a net benefit to the economy or a net loss as it will display so many jobs across the spectrum?

no. like, i think, you know, automation has, you know, has generally defined human existence. we generally mechanize and automate tasks and that has been the history of human kind. so i don't think this is so much different or so much, you know, out of the realm of what humanity has done and faced for literally centuries. so i don't see this so, you know, i mean, i think the nature of jobs will change, the nature of work will change. so you don't, you might not have individuals who manually driving that is very hard and tedious work by the way. but, you know, perhaps there will be a whole lot of new jobs that are created as part of this automation. you know, push, and that's just going to require a, we skilling,

an upscale in of our workforce. and our universities are all innovating and getting ready for that adapter taishan of the workforce that will be necessary in a future of ai automation robot, x and advanced technologies. it seems like every country has their own approach when it comes to developing a technology. do you think that will lead to fragmentation within the automotive industry as there will be so many different standards and protocols in each country? you know, i don't, i don't know. we'll have to see. i mean, already we're seeing some signs of consolidation in the industry. there's a lot of, you know, global collaboration and cooperation and dialogue around transportation automation . so, you know, my sense is there is going to be, you know, a meeting of the minds so that we just don't have many, many different flavors and regulations. so right?

so i'm being autonomy to be codes and automated driving. so my sense is there will be some, some, some, some level of standardization, but, you know, i think some, you know, variations are inevitable simply because the contexts are very different. so, you know, many asian cities are just so different from north american and european cities, and you will simply need a different set of regulations and a different set of perhaps technology adapt. patients in goes contexts. but i can, i but i think the dialogue that we're having as a global community is so strong that that i think we will see a certain amount of agreement on, on standards and how this technology will work. thank you so much, dr. wrong penny. all up but don't go away because we will discuss more about ab powered, long haul trucks and how that is performing. when we come back,

how our thomas trust performing and how many workers will be out of. * jobs because of the ever evolving technology. well find out after the break. ah ah, ah . ah .

ah. in 1935 fascists, italy, led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over ethiopia. by that time, ethiopia was the only fully independent state on the continent. back in 1896, its inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonists and defend their independence. since then, rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the fascists attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. ethiopian armed forces fought courageously, but the brutality of the italians knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing

attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this changed the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia by the fascist 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe staffs at approval. britain and france recognized the annexation, giving the green light to further fascist expansion in the world and baby and the way for the outbreak of world war 2. ah ah .

mm hm. ah, blue welcome back to the cost of everything dian law. one of the world's biggest trucking companies has invested over 500000000. * dollars in a thomas trucks the a v power long haul, trucking space is moving perhaps the fastest in this evolving market. not only will it keep freight costs substantially lower, but it will also help the long haul trucking driver shortages in 2021. the industry was short,

some 80000 drivers. self driving trucks can operate around the clock to deliver goods allowing for more efficient supply chains. in contrast, human drivers are limited to 8 hours a work before break, and no more than 11 hours of daily driving. but in reality, the actual amount of time drivers spend physically driving a truck is about 6 and a half hours daily. self driving trucks would let companies nearly triple that to 17 hours daily. however, there are some labor union concerns as automation can displace as many as 3000000 workers while they're still more development before the technology is perfected. these ab trucks will be poised to radically change the trucking industry, operating nearly around the clock as they chris cross the country. as it stands, there still needs to be improvements so that they can reliably operate in extreme weather like intense snow and fog infrastructure. and certain parts of the country will also have to cut shots. so there is high speed 5 g internet communication

along all the routes. with full automation commuters will be able to engage in productive activity. morgan stanley reports estimates that driverless cars would contribute $500000000000.00 to the economy as a result of work or productivity. moreover, traffic and congestion would also be a lot better adding another $138000000000.00 in annual savings. this would mean that a thomas trucks would replace up to 90 percent of highway trucking, which would displace as many as $500000.00 long haul truckers. now this would have enormous impact on the workforce as drivers displaced would have to find other occupations or switch to short hall routes. however, short hall jobs typically pay less the long haul jobs, which will be insufficient to fully replace last earnings of $65000.00 a year. trucking jobs are the most common jobs in 29 out of 50 states in the us.

and there are millions of people working for the trucking industry in non driving positions. once automation happens, up to 1700000 workers in the industry can be impacted and affected. and for more or less bring in once again, dr. ron penny ala professor at the school, a sustainable engineering at arizona state university. so professor, what other industries will need to change as a result of autonomy? vehicles on the road, things like insurance, policies, roadside, internet services, etc, etc. lately. so i think you'll see a lot of telecommunications industry, i think will, will very much be part of this revolution that we're seeing in transportation, of course, the insurance industry and, and everything that goes with liability and risk and so on. we'll need to adapt as well to this new normal. and then, you know,

just in terms of materials and suppliers and all the technology stack to feed into automation, i think they will have to adapt. but so well all of our transportation infrastructure . so in a future of automated vehicles, you know, what kinds of infrastructure do you need, adapt patients and sensor systems? do you need to put into place to make sure that other road users are safe? and they are not made more vulnerable, so to speak. so if you think about pedestrian, a bicycle and all the other, you know, users of the transportation system, i think you will see some, some adjustments that need to be made even to the infrastructure itself. and we'll talk about the power grid in relation to converting to e v. 's. what about this conversion into a fees? are we going to run into the same problems as there isn't enough power infrastructure to support all of this?

you know, i think it will probably, it'll probably take a while to really get to the point where, where, you know, really challenging are great. i mean, i think there will be other challenges to the grid just brought on by climate change, extreme heat wave extreme please praise conditions and so on. that will challenge our grid more than, you know, plugging in electric vehicles. well. but you can imagine in a future where there's, you know, very, very significant uptake of electric vehicles and everybody charges them overnight. and you can think of a considerable strain on the grid. but again, i don't think it's anything we can't handle. i would be probably more concerned about just the extreme climate conditions that might put a greater strain on our glad then you know, a 1000000 electric vehicles being planted as will make little holler jobs when done

dent. but the new jobs that it would create require specialized skill. so how would we play in the shortfall in skill the labor necessary to service a v. s and run that just because, you know, i think we're already in that business. a lot of the institution spoke to community colleges and universities are offering programs and educational training programs in those areas. so we are producing the workforce of the future that a more automated society would need and would benefit from. now having said that, i do not necessarily think a, you know, blue collar service oriented jobs are going to just fade away. i mean, all of these vehicles need to be maintain clean, that they're still going to be a lot of service oriented jobs,

especially f. r a made it vehicles become increasingly part of mobility as a service. and oh, so there's going to always be, you know, a need for the service, you know, the service workers who take care of the assets and, and in the meantime, i think all of us in the educational sphere are very much adapting our curriculum to produce the workforce it's needed for the future. and is there resistance against advancing into automation for fear of job displacements, and how many people would be displaced due to automation becoming more mainstream? i, i can't really put a number simply because i'm not, i'm not fully aware. i'm not fully aware of those statistics. you know, again, i just don't think there will be a whole lot of, you know,

the displacement or unemployment. again, to me it's simply a natural transition. as you just think about perhaps, you know, moving up, moving increasingly from fossil fuels and coal, to more renewable energy sources. it's not like everybody working in those industries are going to be kind of become unemployed. you know, i fully expect that they are going to transition into the renewable energy industry and have very, to have very good jobs waiting for them. and so the thing is going to happen with automated automation in transportation. you know, yes, we might see, you know, a 1000000 drivers perhaps no longer needed to drive vehicles, but we'll need a 1000000 individuals to take care of these assets and to actually manage either the entire automation process and all of the technologies and maintaining these

vehicles and showing that they are functioning and maintaining all of the logistics are handling all of the logistics that goes with it. and are there any clarity concerns when it comes to autonomy? vehicles as they are giant computers, literally tracking every movement habit and listening in on conversations within the car. so is that a major concern that these vehicles could threaten the privacy of citizens? absolutely, i think there's privacy concerns. i think there's cyber security concerns. these are, these are, you know, computers on wheels in many ways so they can be hacked, they can be compromised, they're recording every move that and move and conversation and so on. and so i think a lot of that is going to be part of the evolution as the technology is increasingly become of our society. i think people, for the most part, you know,

acknowledge that in this era of social media, etc, etc. a lot of, you know, generally there is a lot of tracking and data gathering that's happening. but all of that comes with a certain privacy policy and privacy expectations. and the same thing with cyber security. i mean, you know, whenever we do a transaction, we expect, you know, it to be a secure transaction, whether you're shopping online using a credit card, et cetera. it's banking, online banking and so on. and i think it will be similar expectations for automated because as well. and so we will need very robust cyber security systems in place and a workforce that's able to ensure the security of the systems dr. around. thank you so much for your time today. self dry vehicles are meant to

liberate consumers from the tedious task of driving. if people can sleep or nap or take meetings, answer calls emails or listen to lectures in their personal travel, pause. they might choose to live even further away from work or school. this will make daily community much more tolerable than congested city living. it also re purposes how passengers use their time while traveling, providing space for rest. but while the future is bright, there are still many hurdles left to overcome for the industry. things such as safety standards, 5 d infrastructure, as well as maintenance cost, maintenance, costs for an avi is like maintenance costs for supercomputer, lots of electronics that require specialized technicians to troubleshoot and fix. in comparison serving a standard patrol power vehicle would be a lot cheaper and timely to fix. and although there are numerous cost savings and efficiency when it comes to automation, does the consumer actually win here?

throughout history, automation has led to better productivity, increased efficiency, but it also led to humans being subjected to more mundane tasks and working conditions. this is especially true for people in medium, a low income work where majority of the tasks are repetitive. paradoxically, work may become less effort full, but more tedious and fatiguing as driver's transition into a more supervisory role monitoring the progress of truck deliveries instead of actually doing the physical delivery. so while the hype, surrounding driverless cars has attracted billions of dollars of investment, it has also fostered unrealistic expectations. mainstream adoption of atomic cars is something that will happen over the next 30 years. as current technology is still insufficient to reliably accommodate drivers in every day situation. i'm christy i and we'll see you back here next time on the cost of everything.

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